exercitus

Latin

Etymology

Perfect passive participle of exerceō.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ekˈser.ki.tus/, [ɛkˈs̠ɛrkɪt̪ʊs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ekˈser.t͡ʃi.tus/, [eɡˈzɛrt͡ʃit̪us]

Participle

exercitus (feminine exercita, neuter exercitum); first/second-declension participle

1. occupied, exercised, practised
2. vexed, harassed
3. vexatious, severe
4. disciplined

Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

Number	Singular				Plural
Case / Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	exercitus	exercita	exercitum		exercitī	exercitae	exercita
Genitive	exercitī	exercitae	exercitī		exercitōrum	exercitārum	exercitōrum
Dative	exercitō		exercitō		exercitīs
Accusative	exercitum	exercitam	exercitum		exercitōs	exercitās	exercita
Ablative	exercitō	exercitā	exercitō		exercitīs
Vocative	exercite	exercita	exercitum		exercitī	exercitae	exercita

Noun

exercitus m (genitive exercitūs); fourth declension

1. an exercised, disciplined body of men, an army
2. the assembly of the people in the Centuria Comitiata, as being a military organization
3. (poetic) a multitude, host, swarm, flock
4. a troop, body of attendants
5. trouble, affliction

Declension

Fourth-declension noun.

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	exercitus	exercitūs
Genitive	exercitūs	exercituum
Dative	exercituī	exercitibus
Accusative	exercitum	exercitūs
Ablative	exercitū	exercitibus
Vocative	exercitus	exercitūs

Descendants

• Asturian: exércitu
• Catalan: exèrcit
• Friulian: esercit

• Italian: esercito
• Portuguese: exército
• Sardinian: esértzitu
• Spanish: ejército

References

• “exercitus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “exercitus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• exercitus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• exercitus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to provide corn-supplies for the troops: frumentum providere exercitui
    
  • to place some one at the head of an army, give him the command: praeficere aliquem exercitui
    
  • to be at the head of an army: praeesse exercitui
    
  • (ambiguous) to raise an army: exercitum conficere (Imp. Pomp. 21. 61)
    
  • (ambiguous) to levy troops: milites (exercitum) scribere, conscribere
    
  • (ambiguous) to equip an army, troops: parare exercitum, copias
    
  • (ambiguous) to support an army: alere exercitum (Off. 1. 8. 25)
    
  • (ambiguous) to review an army: recensere, lustrare, recognoscere exercitum (Liv. 42. 31)
    
  • (ambiguous) to disband an army: dimittere exercitum
    
  • (ambiguous) a numerous army: ingens, maximus exercitus (not numerosus)
    
  • (ambiguous) soldiers collected in haste; irregulars: milites tumultuarii (opp. exercitus iustus) (Liv. 35. 2)
    
  • (ambiguous) mercenary troops: milites mercennarii or exercitus conducticius
    
  • (ambiguous) to advance with the army: procedere cum exercitu
    
  • (ambiguous) to march down on to..: agmen, exercitum demittere in...
    
  • (ambiguous) to advance on..: exercitum admovere, adducere ad...
    
  • (ambiguous) to lead the army to the fight: exercitum educere or producere in aciem
    
  • (ambiguous) to draw up forces in battle-order: aciem (copias, exercitum) instruere or in acie constituere
    
  • (ambiguous) to annihilate, cut up the enemy, an army: hostes, exercitum delere, concīdere
    
  • (ambiguous) the victorious army: exercitus victor
    
  • (ambiguous) to embark an army: exercitum in naves imponere (Liv. 22. 19)
    
• “exercitus”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “exercitus”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin