ferveo

Latin

Alternative forms

• fervō

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewh₁-der.

Proto-Italic *ferwejō

Proto-Italic *ferweō

Latin ferveō

Inherited from Proto-Italic *ferweō, from *ferwejō, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewh₁-. Cognate with Ancient Greek φρέαρ (phréar), Old Armenian բորբ (borb), Welsh berw (“to boil”), English burn, brew, per De Vaan citing Schrijver.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈfɛr.we.oː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈfɛr.ve.o]
• Hyphenation: fer‧ve‧ō

Verb

ferveō (present infinitive fervēre, perfect active ferbuī or fervī, supine fervitum); second conjugation, impersonal in the passive

1. to be hot
2. to burn
3. to boil; seethe, foam
4. (figuratively) to come or swarm forth in great numbers, be alive with, teem, abound
   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Vergilius, Aeneis 4.405–407:

     […] pars grandia trūdunt ¶ obnīxae frūmenta umerīs; pars agmina cōgunt ¶ castīgantque morās; opere omnis sēmita fervet.

     [The Trojans are compared to an army of ants carrying food:] Some struggle against big grains, pushing with their shoulders; others marshal the ranks and rebuke delays: The whole trail swarms with activity.

5. (figuratively) to be inflamed, agitated or fired up

Conjugation

   Conjugation of ferveō (second conjugation, impersonal in the passive)

indicative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	ferveō		fervēs		fervet		fervēmus		fervētis		fervent
	imperfect	fervēbam		fervēbās		fervēbat		fervēbāmus		fervēbātis		fervēbant
	future	fervēbō		fervēbis		fervēbit		fervēbimus		fervēbitis		fervēbunt
	perfect	ferbuī, fervī		ferbuistī, fervistī		ferbuit, fervit		ferbuimus, fervimus		ferbuistis, fervistis		ferbuērunt, ferbuēre, fervērunt, fervēre
	pluperfect	ferbueram, ferveram		ferbuerās, ferverās		ferbuerat, ferverat		ferbuerāmus, ferverāmus		ferbuerātis, ferverātis		ferbuerant, ferverant
	future perfect	ferbuerō, ferverō		ferbueris, ferveris		ferbuerit, ferverit		ferbuerimus, ferverimus		ferbueritis, ferveritis		ferbuerint, ferverint
passive	present	—		—		fervētur		—		—		—
	imperfect	—		—		fervēbātur		—		—		—
	future	—		—		fervēbitur		—		—		—
	perfect	—		—		fervitum est		—		—		—
	pluperfect	—		—		fervitum erat		—		—		—
	future perfect	—		—		fervitum erit		—		—		—
subjunctive		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	ferveam		ferveās		ferveat		ferveāmus		ferveātis		ferveant
	imperfect	fervērem		fervērēs		fervēret		fervērēmus		fervērētis		fervērent
	perfect	ferbuerim, ferverim		ferbuerīs, ferverīs		ferbuerit, ferverit		ferbuerīmus, ferverīmus		ferbuerītis, ferverītis		ferbuerint, ferverint
	pluperfect	ferbuissem, fervissem		ferbuissēs, fervissēs		ferbuisset, fervisset		ferbuissēmus, fervissēmus		ferbuissētis, fervissētis		ferbuissent, fervissent
passive	present	—		—		ferveātur		—		—		—
	imperfect	—		—		fervērētur		—		—		—
	perfect	—		—		fervitum sit		—		—		—
	pluperfect	—		—		fervitum esset		—		—		—
imperative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	—		fervē		—		—		fervēte		—
	future	—		fervētō		fervētō		—		fervētōte		ferventō
passive	future	—		—		fervētor		—		—		—
non-finite forms		infinitive						participle
		active			passive			active			passive
present		fervēre			fervērī			fervēns			—
future		fervitūrum esse			fervitum īrī			fervitūrus			fervendum
perfect		ferbuisse, fervisse			fervitum esse			—			fervitum
future perfect		—			fervitum fore			—			—
perfect potential		fervitūrum fuisse			—			—			—
verbal nouns		gerund								supine
		genitive		dative		accusative		ablative		accusative		ablative
		fervendī		fervendō		fervendum		fervendō		fervitum		fervitū

Derived terms

• cōnferveō
• dēferveō
• efferveō
• fermentum
• fervefaciō
• fervēns
• ferventer
• fervēscō
• fervidus
• fervō
• fervor
• īnferveō
• perferveō
• referveō
• sufferveō

Descendants

• Aromanian: herbu, hjerbu, hearbiri
• Asturian: ferver
• Galician: ferver
• Italian: fervere
• Portuguese: ferver
• Romanian: fierbe, fierbere
• Sicilian: frèviri
• Spanish: hervir

Further reading

• “ferveo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ferveo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “ferveo”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “fever”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.