ferveo

Latin

Alternative forms

fervō

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *ferweō, from earlier *ferwejō, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewh₁- (“to be hot, boil”). Cognate with Ancient Greek φρέαρ (phréar), Old Armenian բորբ (borb), Welsh berw (“to boil”), English burn, brew, per De Vaan^[1] citing Schrijver.^[2]

Pronunciation

(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈfɛr.we.oː]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈfɛr.ve.o]

Verb

ferveō (present infinitive fervēre, perfect active ferbuī or fervī, supine fervitum); second conjugation, impersonal in the passive

to be hot
to burn
to boil; seethe, foam
(figuratively) to come or swarm forth in great numbers, be alive with, teem, abound
- 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.405–407:
  [...] pars grandia trūdunt / obnīxae frūmenta umerīs; pars agmina cōgunt / castīgantque morās; opere omnis sēmita fervet.
  [The Trojans are compared to an army of ants carrying food:] Some struggle against big grains, pushing with their shoulders; others marshal the ranks and rebuke delays: The whole trail swarms with activity.
(figuratively) to be inflamed, agitated or fired up

Conjugation

Conjugation of ferveō (second conjugation, impersonal in the passive)

indicative		singular				plural
indicative		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	ferveō	fervēs		fervet	fervēmus	fervētis		fervent
	imperfect	fervēbam	fervēbās		fervēbat	fervēbāmus	fervēbātis		fervēbant
	future	fervēbō	fervēbis		fervēbit	fervēbimus	fervēbitis		fervēbunt
	perfect	ferbuī	ferbuistī		ferbuit	ferbuimus	ferbuistis		ferbuērunt, ferbuēre
	pluperfect	ferbueram	ferbuerās		ferbuerat	ferbuerāmus	ferbuerātis		ferbuerant
	future perfect	ferbuerō	ferbueris		ferbuerit	ferbuerimus	ferbueritis		ferbuerint
passive	present	—	—		fervētur	—	—		—
	imperfect	—	—		fervēbātur	—	—		—
	future	—	—		fervēbitur	—	—		—
	perfect	—	—		fervitum est	—	—		—
	pluperfect	—	—		fervitum erat	—	—		—
	future perfect	—	—		fervitum erit	—	—		—
subjunctive		singular				plural
subjunctive		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	ferveam	ferveās		ferveat	ferveāmus	ferveātis		ferveant
	imperfect	fervērem	fervērēs		fervēret	fervērēmus	fervērētis		fervērent
	perfect	ferbuerim	ferbuerīs		ferbuerit	ferbuerīmus	ferbuerītis		ferbuerint
	pluperfect	ferbuissem	ferbuissēs		ferbuisset	ferbuissēmus	ferbuissētis		ferbuissent
passive	present	—	—		ferveātur	—	—		—
	imperfect	—	—		fervērētur	—	—		—
	perfect	—	—		fervitum sit	—	—		—
	pluperfect	—	—		fervitum esset	—	—		—
imperative		singular				plural
imperative		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	—	fervē		—	—	fervēte		—
active	future	—	fervētō		fervētō	—	fervētōte		ferventō
passive	future	—	—		fervētor	—	—		—
non-finite forms		infinitive				participle
non-finite forms		active		passive		active		passive
present		fervēre		fervērī		fervēns		—
future		fervitūrum esse		fervitum īrī		fervitūrus		fervendum
perfect		ferbuisse		fervitum esse		—		fervitum
future perfect		—		fervitum fore		—		—
perfect potential		fervitūrum fuisse		—		—		—
verbal nouns		gerund					supine
		genitive	dative		accusative	ablative	accusative		ablative
		fervendī	fervendō		fervendum	fervendō	fervitum		fervitū

Derived terms

Descendants

Aromanian: herbu, hjerbu, hearbiri
Asturian: ferver
Galician: ferver
Italian: fervere
Portuguese: ferver
Romanian: fierbe, fierbere
Sicilian: frèviri
Spanish: hervir

References

^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “ferveō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 215-6
^ Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1991) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Latin (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 2), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN