flamma

See also: Flamma

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *flagmā, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰl̥-g-mh₂, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰl̥g- (“to shimmer, gleam, shine”). Compare flagrō (“to blaze”) and fulgō (“to flash, shine”) from the same root, as well as Ancient Greek φλογμός (phlogmós, “flame”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈfɫam.ma]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈflam.ma]

Noun

flamma f (genitive flammae); first declension

1. flame, fire

   Urbi ferrō flammāque minitatus est.

   He threatened the city with fire and sword.

2. (figuratively) a fire or flame (of love or passion), love, passion, desire, heat, fury
   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 2.586–587:

     “‘ […] animumque explēsse iuvābit
     ultrīcis flammae, et cinerēs satiāsse meōrum.’”

     “‘And it will feel good to fill my soul [with] flames of vengeance, and [thus] to appease the ashes of my [people].’”
     (Aeneas recalls the fall of Troy, the city afire, and how he considered whether to kill Helen “in the heat of the moment”; i.e., extreme emotion feels like a fire within the body. Syncope: explevisse, satiavisse; substitution: ultricis for ultionis.)

Declension

First-declension noun.

	singular	plural
nominative	flamma	flammae
genitive	flammae	flammārum
dative	flammae	flammīs
accusative	flammam	flammās
ablative	flammā	flammīs
vocative	flamma	flammae

Synonyms

• (flame, fire): ignis

Related terms

• flagrō
• flammeus
• flammifer
• flammō
• flammula
• īnflammō

Descendants

• Insular Romance:
  • Sardinian: fiama, fiamma
• Balkano-Romance:
  • Aromanian: fleamã
• Italo-Romance:
  • Italian: fiamma
  • Sicilian: ciamma
• Rhaeto-Romance:
  • Friulian: flame
  • Ladin: flama (Badiot), fiama (Fascian)
• Gallo-Romance:
  • Catalan: flama
  • Franco-Provençal: fllama
  • Old French: flame (see there for further descendants)
• Ibero-Romance:
  • Asturian: llama
  • Old Galician-Portuguese: chama
    • Galician: chama
    • Portuguese: chama
  • Spanish: llama
• ⇒ Vulgar Latin: *flammizāre (see there for further descendants)
• Borrowings:
  • → Greek: φλαμούρι (flamoúri), φλαμουριά (flamouriá)
  • → Old Dutch: flamma
    • Middle Dutch: vlamme
      • Dutch: vlam (see there for further descendants)
  • → Old High German: flamma
    • Middle High German: flamme, vlamme
      • German: Flamme
        • → Danish: flamme
        • → Norwegian Bokmål: flamme
        • → Norwegian Nynorsk: flamme
      • Pennsylvania German: Flamm
      • → Swedish: flamma
  • → Portuguese: flama
  • → Proto-Brythonic: *flam
    • Middle Breton: flamm
    • Middle Welsh: flam
      • Welsh: fflam
    • Old Cornish: flamm
  • → Romanian: flamă
  • → Spanish: flama

Further reading

• “flamma”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “flamma”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “flamma”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to be devoured by the flames: flammis corripi
    
• “flamma”, in William Smith, editor (1848), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, London: John Murray

Norwegian Bokmål

Verb

flamma

1. simple past and past participle of flamme

Alternative forms

• flammet

Old Dutch

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin flamma.

Noun

flamma f

1. flame

Inflection

Declension of flamma (feminine ō/ōn-stem noun)

case	singular	plural
nominative	flamma	flamma, flammon
accusative	flamma, flammon	flamma, flammon
genitive	flammon	flammono
dative	flammon	flammon

Descendants

• Middle Dutch: vlamme
  • Dutch: vlam
    • Afrikaans: vlam
    • Negerhollands: vlam

References

• “flamma”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012

Swedish

Etymology

From Old French flame.

Noun

flamma c

1. a flame
2. a woman, a romance

Declension

Declension of flamma

		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	flamma	flammas
	definite	flamman	flammans
plural	indefinite	flammor	flammors
	definite	flammorna	flammornas

Derived terms

• flammig (“blotchy”)

Verb

flamma (present flammar, preterite flammade, supine flammat, imperative flamma)

1. to blaze, to flame
2. (with "upp") flare up

Conjugation

Conjugation of flamma (weak)

	active		passive
infinitive	flamma		—
supine	flammat		—
imperative	flamma		—
imper. plural1	flammen		—
	present	past	present	past
indicative	flammar	flammade	—	—
ind. plural1	flamma	flammade	—	—
subjunctive2	flamme	flammade	—	—
present participle		flammande
past participle		—

¹ Archaic. ² Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs.

Further reading

• flamma in Svensk ordbok.