chama

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See also: chamá and -chama

English[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Swahili chama (“organization, society”).

Noun[edit]

chama (plural chamas)

  1. (East Africa, chiefly Kenya) An informal cooperative society, usually for pooling and investing savings.

Anagrams[edit]

Galician[edit]

Chamas ("flames")

Etymology 1[edit]

From Old Galician and Old Portuguese chama (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin flamma (“flame”). Cognate with Portuguese chama and Spanish llama.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

chama f (plural chamas)

  1. flame
    Synonym: lapa
Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Verb[edit]

chama

  1. third-person singular present indicative of chamar
  2. second-person singular imperative of chamar

References[edit]

  • “chama” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
  • “chama” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006–2018.
  • “chama” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
  • “chama” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
  • “chama” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.

Garo[edit]

Verb[edit]

chama

  1. to distribute among individuals

Irish[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Adjective[edit]

chama

  1. Lenited form of cama.

Latin[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Variant form of chēma, from Ancient Greek χήμη (khḗmē).

Noun[edit]

chāma f (genitive chāmae); first declension

  1. bivalve, shellfish, clam; cockle
Declension[edit]

First-declension noun.

Case Singular Plural
Nominative chāma chāmae
Genitive chāmae chāmārum
Dative chāmae chāmīs
Accusative chāmam chāmās
Ablative chāmā chāmīs
Vocative chāma chāmae

Etymology 2[edit]

Unknown. Used by Pliny the Elder in Naturalis Historia.

Noun[edit]

chama n (genitive chamatis); third declension

  1. lynx
    • (Can we date this quote?), Plinius, Naturalis Historia, liber I. In: Pliny Natural History with an English translation by H. Rackham, vol. I, 1961, p. 40–43:
      Libro VIII. continentur: [...] (xxvi-xxx) De camelis; genera eorum. de camelopardali; quando primimi Romae visa. de chamate. de cephis, de rhinocerote. de lynce et sphingibus. de crocottis. de cercopithecis.
      Book VIII. Contents: [...] (xxvi-xxx) Camels; their kinds. The giraffe; when first seen at Rome. The spotted lynx. The cephi. The rhinoceros. The lynx and the sphynxes. The crocottae.b The long-tailed monkeys.
      b Perhaps the hyena.
Declension[edit]

Third-declension noun (neuter, imparisyllabic non-i-stem).

Case Singular Plural
Nominative chama chamata
Genitive chamatis chamatum
Dative chamatī chamatibus
Accusative chama chamata
Ablative chamate chamatibus
Vocative chama chamata

Further reading[edit]

  • “chama”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • chama in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
  • chama in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette

Old Irish[edit]

Adjective[edit]

chama

  1. Alternative spelling of chamma: Lenited form of cama.

Portuguese[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

 

Etymology 1[edit]

From Old Portuguese chama, from Latin flamma, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰlē- (“to shimmer, gleam, shine”). Cognate with Spanish llama. Doublet of flama.

Noun[edit]

chama f (plural chamas)

  1. flame (visible part of fire)
    Synonym: flama
  2. (figurative) flame (great zeal or passion)
    Synonym: ardor

See also[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb[edit]

chama

  1. inflection of chamar:
    1. third-person singular present indicative
    2. second-person singular imperative

Spanish[edit]

Noun[edit]

chama m (plural chamas)

  1. chama
  2. female equivalent of chamo

Further reading[edit]

Swahili[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • Audio (Kenya)(file)

Noun[edit]

chama (ki-vi class, plural vyama)

  1. organization, society
  2. union
  3. party (a political party)
  4. club

Derived terms[edit]

Xhosa[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From a Khoe language. Compare Khoekhoe ǀkham (“urinate”).

Verb[edit]

-chama

  1. (intransitive) to urinate

Inflection[edit]

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Zulu[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From a Khoe language. Compare Khoekhoe ǀkham (“urinate”).

Verb[edit]

-chama

  1. (intransitive) to urinate

Inflection[edit]

Tone L
Infinitive ukuchama
Positive Negative
Infinitive ukuchama ukungachami
Imperative
Simple + object concord
Singular chama -chame
Plural chamani -chameni
Present
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngiyachama, ngichama engichamayo, engichama ngichama angichami engingachami ngingachami
2nd singular uyachama, uchama ochamayo, ochama uchama awuchami ongachami ungachami
1st plural siyachama, sichama esichamayo, esichama sichama asichami esingachami singachami
2nd plural niyachama, nichama enichamayo, enichama nichama anichami eningachami ningachami
Class 1 uyachama, uchama ochamayo, ochama echama akachami ongachami engachami
Class 2 bayachama, bachama abachamayo, abachama bechama abachami abangachami bengachami
Class 3 uyachama, uchama ochamayo, ochama uchama awuchami ongachami ungachami
Class 4 iyachama, ichama echamayo, echama ichama ayichami engachami ingachami
Class 5 liyachama, lichama elichamayo, elichama lichama alichami elingachami lingachami
Class 6 ayachama, achama achamayo, achama echama awachami angachami engachami
Class 7 siyachama, sichama esichamayo, esichama sichama asichami esingachami singachami
Class 8 ziyachama, zichama ezichamayo, ezichama zichama azichami ezingachami zingachami
Class 9 iyachama, ichama echamayo, echama ichama ayichami engachami ingachami
Class 10 ziyachama, zichama ezichamayo, ezichama zichama azichami ezingachami zingachami
Class 11 luyachama, luchama oluchamayo, oluchama luchama aluchami olungachami lungachami
Class 14 buyachama, buchama obuchamayo, obuchama buchama abuchami obungachami bungachami
Class 15 kuyachama, kuchama okuchamayo, okuchama kuchama akuchami okungachami kungachami
Class 17 kuyachama, kuchama okuchamayo, okuchama kuchama akuchami okungachami kungachami
Recent past
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngichamile, ngichamē engichamile, engichamē ngichamile, ngichamē angichamanga engingachamanga ngingachamanga
2nd singular uchamile, uchamē ochamile, ochamē uchamile, uchamē awuchamanga ongachamanga ungachamanga
1st plural sichamile, sichamē esichamile, esichamē sichamile, sichamē asichamanga esingachamanga singachamanga
2nd plural nichamile, nichamē enichamile, enichamē nichamile, nichamē anichamanga eningachamanga ningachamanga
Class 1 uchamile, uchamē ochamile, ochamē echamile, echamē akachamanga ongachamanga engachamanga
Class 2 bachamile, bachamē abachamile, abachamē bechamile, bechamē abachamanga abangachamanga bengachamanga
Class 3 uchamile, uchamē ochamile, ochamē uchamile, uchamē awuchamanga ongachamanga ungachamanga
Class 4 ichamile, ichamē echamile, echamē ichamile, ichamē ayichamanga engachamanga ingachamanga
Class 5 lichamile, lichamē elichamile, elichamē lichamile, lichamē alichamanga elingachamanga lingachamanga
Class 6 achamile, achamē achamile, achamē echamile, echamē awachamanga angachamanga engachamanga
Class 7 sichamile, sichamē esichamile, esichamē sichamile, sichamē asichamanga esingachamanga singachamanga
Class 8 zichamile, zichamē ezichamile, ezichamē zichamile, zichamē azichamanga ezingachamanga zingachamanga
Class 9 ichamile, ichamē echamile, echamē ichamile, ichamē ayichamanga engachamanga ingachamanga
Class 10 zichamile, zichamē ezichamile, ezichamē zichamile, zichamē azichamanga ezingachamanga zingachamanga
Class 11 luchamile, luchamē oluchamile, oluchamē luchamile, luchamē aluchamanga olungachamanga lungachamanga
Class 14 buchamile, buchamē obuchamile, obuchamē buchamile, buchamē abuchamanga obungachamanga bungachamanga
Class 15 kuchamile, kuchamē okuchamile, okuchamē kuchamile, kuchamē akuchamanga okungachamanga kungachamanga
Class 17 kuchamile, kuchamē okuchamile, okuchamē kuchamile, kuchamē akuchamanga okungachamanga kungachamanga
Remote past
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngāchama engāchama ngāchama angichamanga engingachamanga ngingachamanga
2nd singular wāchama owāchama wāchama awuchamanga ongachamanga ungachamanga
1st plural sāchama esāchama sāchama asichamanga esingachamanga singachamanga
2nd plural nāchama enāchama nāchama anichamanga eningachamanga ningachamanga
Class 1 wāchama owāchama āchama akachamanga ongachamanga engachamanga
Class 2 bāchama abāchama bāchama abachamanga abangachamanga bengachamanga
Class 3 wāchama owāchama wāchama awuchamanga ongachamanga ungachamanga
Class 4 yāchama eyāchama yāchama ayichamanga engachamanga ingachamanga
Class 5 lāchama elāchama lāchama alichamanga elingachamanga lingachamanga
Class 6 āchama āchama āchama awachamanga angachamanga engachamanga
Class 7 sāchama esāchama sāchama asichamanga esingachamanga singachamanga
Class 8 zāchama ezāchama zāchama azichamanga ezingachamanga zingachamanga
Class 9 yāchama eyāchama yāchama ayichamanga engachamanga ingachamanga
Class 10 zāchama ezāchama zāchama azichamanga ezingachamanga zingachamanga
Class 11 lwāchama olwāchama lwāchama aluchamanga olungachamanga lungachamanga
Class 14 bāchama obāchama bāchama abuchamanga obungachamanga bungachamanga
Class 15 kwāchama okwāchama kwāchama akuchamanga okungachamanga kungachamanga
Class 17 kwāchama okwāchama kwāchama akuchamanga okungachamanga kungachamanga
Potential
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngingachama — ngingachama ngingechame — ngingechame
2nd singular ungachama — ungachama ungechame — ungechame
1st plural singachama — singachama singechame — singechame
2nd plural ningachama — ningachama ningechame — ningechame
Class 1 angachama — engachama angechame — engechame
Class 2 bangachama — bengachama bangechame — bengechame
Class 3 ungachama — ungachama ungechame — ungechame
Class 4 ingachama — ingachama ingechame — ingechame
Class 5 lingachama — lingachama lingechame — lingechame
Class 6 angachama — engachama angechame — engechame
Class 7 singachama — singachama singechame — singechame
Class 8 zingachama — zingachama zingechame — zingechame
Class 9 ingachama — ingachama ingechame — ingechame
Class 10 zingachama — zingachama zingechame — zingechame
Class 11 lungachama — lungachama lungechame — lungechame
Class 14 bungachama — bungachama bungechame — bungechame
Class 15 kungachama — kungachama kungechame — kungechame
Class 17 kungachama — kungachama kungechame — kungechame
Immediate future
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngizochama engizochama ngizochama angizuchama engingezuchama ngingezuchama
2nd singular uzochama ozochama uzochama awuzuchama ongezuchama ungezuchama
1st plural sizochama esizochama sizochama asizuchama esingezuchama singezuchama
2nd plural nizochama enizochama nizochama anizuchama eningezuchama ningezuchama
Class 1 uzochama ozochama ezochama akazuchama ongezuchama engezuchama
Class 2 bazochama abazochama bezochama abazuchama abangezuchama bengezuchama
Class 3 uzochama ozochama uzochama awuzuchama ongezuchama ungezuchama
Class 4 izochama ezochama izochama ayizuchama engezuchama ingezuchama
Class 5 lizochama elizochama lizochama alizuchama elingezuchama lingezuchama
Class 6 azochama azochama ezochama awazuchama angezuchama engezuchama
Class 7 sizochama esizochama sizochama asizuchama esingezuchama singezuchama
Class 8 zizochama ezizochama zizochama azizuchama ezingezuchama zingezuchama
Class 9 izochama ezochama izochama ayizuchama engezuchama ingezuchama
Class 10 zizochama ezizochama zizochama azizuchama ezingezuchama zingezuchama
Class 11 luzochama oluzochama luzochama aluzuchama olungezuchama lungezuchama
Class 14 buzochama obuzochama buzochama abuzuchama obungezuchama bungezuchama
Class 15 kuzochama okuzochama kuzochama akuzuchama okungezuchama kungezuchama
Class 17 kuzochama okuzochama kuzochama akuzuchama okungezuchama kungezuchama
Remote future
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngiyochama engiyochama ngiyochama angiyuchama engingeyuchama ngingeyuchama
2nd singular uyochama oyochama uyochama awuyuchama ongeyuchama ungeyuchama
1st plural siyochama esiyochama siyochama asiyuchama esingeyuchama singeyuchama
2nd plural niyochama eniyochama niyochama aniyuchama eningeyuchama ningeyuchama
Class 1 uyochama oyochama eyochama akayuchama ongeyuchama engeyuchama
Class 2 bayochama abayochama beyochama abayuchama abangeyuchama bengeyuchama
Class 3 uyochama oyochama uyochama awuyuchama ongeyuchama ungeyuchama
Class 4 iyochama eyochama iyochama ayiyuchama engeyuchama ingeyuchama
Class 5 liyochama eliyochama liyochama aliyuchama elingeyuchama lingeyuchama
Class 6 ayochama ayochama eyochama awayuchama angeyuchama engeyuchama
Class 7 siyochama esiyochama siyochama asiyuchama esingeyuchama singeyuchama
Class 8 ziyochama eziyochama ziyochama aziyuchama ezingeyuchama zingeyuchama
Class 9 iyochama eyochama iyochama ayiyuchama engeyuchama ingeyuchama
Class 10 ziyochama eziyochama ziyochama aziyuchama ezingeyuchama zingeyuchama
Class 11 luyochama oluyochama luyochama aluyuchama olungeyuchama lungeyuchama
Class 14 buyochama obuyochama buyochama abuyuchama obungeyuchama bungeyuchama
Class 15 kuyochama okuyochama kuyochama akuyuchama okungeyuchama kungeyuchama
Class 17 kuyochama okuyochama kuyochama akuyuchama okungeyuchama kungeyuchama
Present subjunctive
Positive Negative
1st singular ngichame ngingachami
2nd singular uchame ungachami
1st plural sichame singachami
2nd plural nichame ningachami
Class 1 achame angachami
Class 2 bachame bangachami
Class 3 uchame ungachami
Class 4 ichame ingachami
Class 5 lichame lingachami
Class 6 achame angachami
Class 7 sichame singachami
Class 8 zichame zingachami
Class 9 ichame ingachami
Class 10 zichame zingachami
Class 11 luchame lungachami
Class 14 buchame bungachami
Class 15 kuchame kungachami
Class 17 kuchame kungachami
Past subjunctive
Positive Negative
1st singular ngachama ngangachama, angachama, angangachama
2nd singular wachama wangachama, awachama, awangachama
1st plural sachama sangachama, asachama, asangachama
2nd plural nachama nangachama, anachama, anangachama
Class 1 wachama wangachama, akachama, akangachama
Class 2 bachama bangachama, abachama, abangachama
Class 3 wachama wangachama, awachama, awangachama
Class 4 yachama yangachama, ayachama, ayangachama
Class 5 lachama langachama, alachama, alangachama
Class 6 achama angachama, awachama, awangachama
Class 7 sachama sangachama, asachama, asangachama
Class 8 zachama zangachama, azachama, azangachama
Class 9 yachama yangachama, ayachama, ayangachama
Class 10 zachama zangachama, azachama, azangachama
Class 11 lwachama lwangachama, alwachama, alwangachama
Class 14 bachama bangachama, abachama, abangachama
Class 15 kwachama kwangachama, akwachama, akwangachama
Class 17 kwachama kwangachama, akwachama, akwangachama

References[edit]

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