foedo

Latin

Etymology

From foedus (“filthy”). Compare Old English bædan (“to defile, pollute”). More at bad.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈfoe̯.doː/, [ˈfoe̯d̪oː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈfe.do/, [ˈfɛːd̪o]

Verb

foedō (present infinitive foedāre, perfect active foedāvī, supine foedātum); first conjugation

1. to make foul or filthy, soil, dirty; defile, pollute, disfigure, mar, deform
   • c. 370 CE – 404 CE, Claudian, Panegyricus de Sexto Consulatu Honorii Augusti 537–540:

     Ipse favens votis solitoque decentior aër, quamvis adsiduo noctem foedaverat imbre, principis et solis radiis detersa removit nubila.

     The very weather, favoring our prayers and more decent than usual, although it had marred the night continually with rain, removed the clouds, wiped away by means of the rays of the sun and the emperor.

   • 1425—1450, (MS. Selden 55, Bodleian Library, Oxford) Vita Beati Eduardi Regis et Confessoris, p. 371, lines 327-329:

     Mira Dei virtus! trabeam non ulcera foedant; purpuream regis nec fluxus sanguinis atri splendorem vestis minuit, sed fortius auxit.

     The extraordinary virtue of God! The sores do not defile the trabea; nor did the flow of black blood diminish the splendor of the clothes, the purple of the king, but more strongly emphasized it.

2. (figuratively) to dishonor, disgrace
   • c. 77 CE – 79 CE, Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia 29.7:

     (Graeci) nos quoque dictitant barbaros et spurcius nos quam alios Οπικων appellatione foedant.

     (The Greeks) also assert repeatedly that we are barbarians and that we are dirtier than others, dishonor us by calling us philistines.

   • 1509—1513, Ludovico Ariosto, De Diversis Amoribus:

     Humanone trucem foedabo sanguine dextram, ut meus assiduo sub bove crescat ager?

     Shall I disgrace my savage right hand with human blood, so that my field may continually thrive under the ox?

Conjugation

Conjugation of foedō (first conjugation)
indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	foedō	foedās	foedat	foedāmus	foedātis	foedant
	imperfect	foedābam	foedābās	foedābat	foedābāmus	foedābātis	foedābant
	future	foedābō	foedābis	foedābit	foedābimus	foedābitis	foedābunt
	perfect	foedāvī	foedāvistī	foedāvit	foedāvimus	foedāvistis	foedāvērunt, foedāvēre
	pluperfect	foedāveram	foedāverās	foedāverat	foedāverāmus	foedāverātis	foedāverant
	future perfect	foedāverō	foedāveris	foedāverit	foedāverimus	foedāveritis	foedāverint
passive	present	foedor	foedāris, foedāre	foedātur	foedāmur	foedāminī	foedantur
	imperfect	foedābar	foedābāris, foedābāre	foedābātur	foedābāmur	foedābāminī	foedābantur
	future	foedābor	foedāberis, foedābere	foedābitur	foedābimur	foedābiminī	foedābuntur
	perfect	foedātus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	foedātus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	foedātus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	foedem	foedēs	foedet	foedēmus	foedētis	foedent
	imperfect	foedārem	foedārēs	foedāret	foedārēmus	foedārētis	foedārent
	perfect	foedāverim	foedāverīs	foedāverit	foedāverīmus	foedāverītis	foedāverint
	pluperfect	foedāvissem	foedāvissēs	foedāvisset	foedāvissēmus	foedāvissētis	foedāvissent
passive	present	foeder	foedēris, foedēre	foedētur	foedēmur	foedēminī	foedentur
	imperfect	foedārer	foedārēris, foedārēre	foedārētur	foedārēmur	foedārēminī	foedārentur
	perfect	foedātus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	foedātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	foedā	—	—	foedāte	—
	future	—	foedātō	foedātō	—	foedātōte	foedantō
passive	present	—	foedāre	—	—	foedāminī	—
	future	—	foedātor	foedātor	—	—	foedantor
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		foedāre	foedāvisse	foedātūrum esse	foedārī	foedātum esse	foedātum īrī
participles		foedāns	—	foedātūrus	—	foedātus	foedandus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		foedandī	foedandō	foedandum	foedandō	foedātum	foedātū

Adjective

foedō

1. dative/ablative masculine/neuter singular of foedus

References

• “foedo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “foedo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• foedo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • (ambiguous) according to treaty: ex pacto, ex foedere