freelancer

English

Etymology

Etymology tree

English freelance

Proto-Indo-European *-yósder.

Proto-Italic *-āzios

Latin -āriusnom.

Latin -āriusbor.

Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz

Proto-West Germanic *-ārī

Old English -ere

Middle English -ere

English -er

English freelancer

From freelance + -er.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ˈfɹiː.lɑːn.sə/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˈfɹiˌlæn.səɹ/

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -iːlɑːnsə(ɹ)
• Hyphenation: free‧lan‧cer

Noun

freelancer (plural freelancers)

1. Someone who freelances.

   Hyponym: stringer

2. (emergency medicine, firefighting, law enforcement) One who performs duties outside of the chain of command and SOPs.

Derived terms

• permalancer

Translations

who freelances — see also freelance,‎ free lance

• Armenian: ֆրիլանսեր (frilanser)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 自由職業者 / 自由职业者 (zh) (zìyóuzhíyèzhě)

• Dutch: freelancer (nl) m, zzp'er (nl) m
• Estonian: vabakutseline
• Finnish: freelancer (fi), ammatinharjoittaja (fi); vapaa toimittaja (freelance journalist)
• French: travailleur indépendant (fr) m
• Galician: autónomo (gl) m, autónoma f
• Georgian: ფრილანსერი (prilanseri)
• German: Freiberufler (de) m, freier Mitarbeiter m, Selbstständiger (de) m, Selbstständige (de) f
• Greek: ελευθεροεπαγγελματίας (el) m (eleftheroepangelmatías)
• Hungarian: szabadúszó (hu)
• Indonesian: pekerja lepas (literally “unbound worker”)
• Italian: battitore libero m, libero professionista (it), collaboratore (it)
• Japanese: フリーランサー (ja) (furīransā)
• Korean: 프리랜서 (ko) (peuriraenseo)
• Norwegian: frilanser
• Persian: کارمزد (fa) (kârmozd)
• Polish: freelancer (pl) m
• Portuguese: freelancer (pt) m or f, autônomo (pt) m
• Russian: фрила́нсер (ru) m (frilánsɛr), свобо́дный худо́жник m (svobódnyj xudóžnik) ("free artist", used for various professions)
• Spanish: freelancer m or f, free-lancer m or f, free lancer m or f, trabajador independiente m, autónomo (es) m, laburante autónomo m or f, currante por libre m or f, currito por cuenta propia m
• Swedish: frilans (sv) c, frilansare (sv) c
• Thai: please add this translation if you can
• Ukrainian: фрілансер m (frilanser)

Finnish

Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English freelancer.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈfriːlænser/, [ˈfriːlæns̠e̞r]
• IPA^(key): /ˈfriːlɑnser/, [ˈfriːlɑ̝ns̠e̞r]
• Rhymes: -iːlænser

Noun

freelancer

1. freelancer

Declension

In speech, ä may be used for vowel harmony depending on the pronunciation.

Inflection of freelancer (Kotus type 6/paperi, no gradation)
nominative		freelancer	freelancerit
genitive		freelancerin	freelancerien freelancereiden freelancereitten
partitive		freelanceria	freelancereita freelancereja
illative		freelanceriin	freelancereihin
		singular	plural
nominative		freelancer	freelancerit
accusative	nom.	freelancer	freelancerit
	gen.	freelancerin
genitive		freelancerin	freelancerien freelancereiden freelancereitten
partitive		freelanceria	freelancereita freelancereja
inessive		freelancerissa	freelancereissa
elative		freelancerista	freelancereista
illative		freelanceriin	freelancereihin
adessive		freelancerilla	freelancereilla
ablative		freelancerilta	freelancereilta
allative		freelancerille	freelancereille
essive		freelancerina	freelancereina
translative		freelanceriksi	freelancereiksi
abessive		freelanceritta	freelancereitta
instructive		—	freelancerein
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of freelancer (Kotus type 6/paperi, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative freelancerini freelancerini accusative nom. freelancerini freelancerini gen. freelancerini genitive freelancerini freelancerieni freelancereideni freelancereitteni partitive freelanceriani freelancereitani freelancerejani inessive freelancerissani freelancereissani elative freelanceristani freelancereistani illative freelanceriini freelancereihini adessive freelancerillani freelancereillani ablative freelanceriltani freelancereiltani allative freelancerilleni freelancereilleni essive freelancerinani freelancereinani translative freelancerikseni freelancereikseni abessive freelancerittani freelancereittani instructive — — comitative — freelancereineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative freelancerisi freelancerisi accusative nom. freelancerisi freelancerisi gen. freelancerisi genitive freelancerisi freelanceriesi freelancereidesi freelancereittesi partitive freelanceriasi freelancereitasi freelancerejasi inessive freelancerissasi freelancereissasi elative freelanceristasi freelancereistasi illative freelanceriisi freelancereihisi adessive freelancerillasi freelancereillasi ablative freelanceriltasi freelancereiltasi allative freelancerillesi freelancereillesi essive freelancerinasi freelancereinasi translative freelanceriksesi freelancereiksesi abessive freelancerittasi freelancereittasi instructive — — comitative — freelancereinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative freelancerimme freelancerimme accusative nom. freelancerimme freelancerimme gen. freelancerimme genitive freelancerimme freelanceriemme freelancereidemme freelancereittemme partitive freelanceriamme freelancereitamme freelancerejamme inessive freelancerissamme freelancereissamme elative freelanceristamme freelancereistamme illative freelanceriimme freelancereihimme adessive freelancerillamme freelancereillamme ablative freelanceriltamme freelancereiltamme allative freelancerillemme freelancereillemme essive freelancerinamme freelancereinamme translative freelanceriksemme freelancereiksemme abessive freelancerittamme freelancereittamme instructive — — comitative — freelancereinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative freelancerinne freelancerinne accusative nom. freelancerinne freelancerinne gen. freelancerinne genitive freelancerinne freelancerienne freelancereidenne freelancereittenne partitive freelancerianne freelancereitanne freelancerejanne inessive freelancerissanne freelancereissanne elative freelanceristanne freelancereistanne illative freelanceriinne freelancereihinne adessive freelancerillanne freelancereillanne ablative freelanceriltanne freelancereiltanne allative freelancerillenne freelancereillenne essive freelancerinanne freelancereinanne translative freelanceriksenne freelancereiksenne abessive freelancerittanne freelancereittanne instructive — — comitative — freelancereinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative freelancerinsa freelancerinsa accusative nom. freelancerinsa freelancerinsa gen. freelancerinsa genitive freelancerinsa freelanceriensa freelancereidensa freelancereittensa partitive freelanceriaan freelanceriansa freelancereitaan freelancerejaan freelancereitansa freelancerejansa inessive freelancerissaan freelancerissansa freelancereissaan freelancereissansa elative freelanceristaan freelanceristansa freelancereistaan freelancereistansa illative freelanceriinsa freelancereihinsa adessive freelancerillaan freelancerillansa freelancereillaan freelancereillansa ablative freelanceriltaan freelanceriltansa freelancereiltaan freelancereiltansa allative freelancerilleen freelancerillensa freelancereilleen freelancereillensa essive freelancerinaan freelancerinansa freelancereinaan freelancereinansa translative freelancerikseen freelanceriksensa freelancereikseen freelancereiksensa abessive freelancerittaan freelancerittansa freelancereittaan freelancereittansa instructive — — comitative — freelancereineen freelancereinensa

Further reading

• “freelancer”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2 July 2023

Polish

Etymology

Etymology tree

English freelance

Proto-Indo-European *-yósder.

Proto-Italic *-āzios

Latin -āriusnom.

Latin -āriusbor.

Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz

Proto-West Germanic *-ārī

Old English -ere

Middle English -ere

English -er

English freelancerubor.

Polish freelancer

Unadapted borrowing from English freelancer.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /friˈlan.sɛr/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ansɛr
• Syllabification: free‧lan‧cer

Noun

freelancer m pers (female equivalent freelancerka)

1. freelancer

   Synonym: wolny strzelec

Declension

Declension of freelancer

	singular	plural
nominative	freelancer	freelancerzy/freelancery (deprecative)
genitive	freelancera	freelancerów
dative	freelancerowi	freelancerom
accusative	freelancera	freelancerów
instrumental	freelancerem	freelancerami
locative	freelancerze	freelancerach
vocative	freelancerze	freelancerzy

Further reading

• “freelancer”, in Wielki słownik języka polskiego‎^[2] (in Polish), Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• “freelancer”, in Polish dictionaries at PWN‎^[3] (in Polish)

Portuguese

Alternative forms

• freela (clipping, colloquial)

Etymology

Etymology tree

English freelance

Proto-Indo-European *-yósder.

Proto-Italic *-āzios

Latin -āriusnom.

Latin -āriusbor.

Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz

Proto-West Germanic *-ārī

Old English -ere

Middle English -ere

English -er

English freelancerubor.

Portuguese freelancer

Unadapted borrowing from English freelancer.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /fɾiˈlɐ̃.seʁ/ [fɾiˈlɐ̃.seh]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /fɾiˈlɐ̃.seʁ/ [fɾiˈlɐ̃.seh]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /fɾiˈlɐ̃.seɾ/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /fɾiˈlɐ̃.seʁ/ [fɾiˈlɐ̃.seχ]
  • (Caipira) IPA^(key): /fɾiˈlɐ̃.seɻ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /fɾiˈlɐ̃.sɛɾ/

• Rhymes: -ɐ̃seʁ, -ɐ̃sɛɾ
• Hyphenation: free‧lan‧cer

Noun

freelancer m or f by sense (plural freelancers)

1. freelancer (someone who freelances)

Related terms

• freelance

Further reading

• “freelancer”, in Dicionário Aulete Digital (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2026
• “freelancer”, in Dicio – Dicionário Online de Português (in Portuguese), São Paulo: 7Graus, 2009–2026
• “freelancer”, in Dicionário Infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2026
• “freelancer”, in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), São Paulo: Editora Melhoramentos, 2015–2026, →ISBN
• “freelancer”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2026

Spanish

Etymology

Etymology tree

English freelance

Proto-Indo-European *-yósder.

Proto-Italic *-āzios

Latin -āriusnom.

Latin -āriusbor.

Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz

Proto-West Germanic *-ārī

Old English -ere

Middle English -ere

English -er

English freelancerubor.

Spanish freelancer

Unadapted borrowing from English freelancer.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /fɾiˈlanseɾ/ [fɾiˈlãn.seɾ]
• Rhymes: -anseɾ
• Syllabification: free‧lan‧cer

Noun

freelancer m or f by sense (plural freelancers)

1. alternative form of freelance

Adjective

freelancer (invariable)

1. alternative form of freelance

Usage notes

According to Royal Spanish Academy (RAE) prescriptions, unadapted foreign words should be written in italics in a text printed in roman type, and vice versa, and in quotation marks in a manuscript text or when italics are not available. In practice, this RAE prescription is not always followed.

Further reading

• Seco, Manuel; Andrés, Olimpia; Ramos, Gabino (2023), “freelancer”, in Diccionario del español actual [Dictionary of Current Spanish] (in Spanish), third digital edition, Fundación BBVA
• freelance/freelancer | FundéuRAE