glābt
Latvian
Etymology
From (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Proto-Baltic *gleb-, *glab-, *glāb-, from (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Proto-Indo-European *gelb(ʰ)-, *gleb(ʰ)- (“to squeeze while holding”), from *gel- (“to roll up together, into a ball; round object”) with an extra b(ʰ). The semantic evolution was: “to grab, hold in one's hands” > “to keep, to protect (in one's hands)” > “to save (from danger, death).” Cognates include Lithuanian glóbti (“to hug, to embrace; to take, to grab for oneself; to cover, to wrap; to save, to help”), Old Prussian galbimai (“help”) (dative), poglabū (“he cuddled, hugged”), apglobte (“little crown sewn with white cloths which young women put on when they had a haircut”), Polish głobić (“to put a rim on (e.g., a barrel); to squeeze together”).[1]
Pronunciation
Audio: | (file) |
Verb
glābt (transitive, 1st conjugation, present glābju, glāb, glābj, past glābu)
- to save (to act so as to prevent (someone's) death; to protect (someone) from death)
- glābt slīkstošo ― to save a drowning (person)
- glābt slimo bērnu ― to save a sick child
- glābt dzīvību ― to save (someone's) life
- ievainotais nav vairs glābjams ― the injured (person) can no longer be saved
- Silis saprata, ka viņam nav lemts glābt dēlu ― Silis understood that he was not destined to save (his) son
- to save (to cure, to restore to a normal state)
- ārsti mēģināja glābt roku ― the doctors tried to save (the patient's) hand
- to save (to prevent harm to something)
- bet mans kuģis? kas jūs pamudināja glābt arī to? ― and (what about) my ship? who will encourage you to save it, too?
- uguns bija ierobežota, sils glābts ― the fire was contained, the pine forest (was) saved
- to save (to take action to protect from misfortune, disasters, accidents, etc.; to protect from some unwanted situation, problem)
- glābt dzimteni ― to save (one's) homeland
- glābt no verdzības ― to save (someone) from slavery
- glābt no rājiena ― to save (someone) from a scolding, a reprimand
- ja neglābšu tautu, brāļus no gūsta... ― if I don't save the people, (my) brothers, from captivity...
- Padomju vara atbrīvoja Čukču pussalas tautas,... glāba no izmiršanas ― the Soviets freed the people of the Chukchi peninsula... (and) saved (them) from extinction
- to save (to take action to conserve one's honor, fame, reputation, etc.; to avoid dishonor, disgrace, etc.)
- glābt savu labo vārdu ― to save one's good name
- labi, ka vēl ir viena tikumīga meita pasaulē, kas glābj pagasta godu ― good that there still is one virtuous girl in the world that will save the honor of the parish
- (figuratively) to save (to protect from something unwanted, undesirable)
- “tie mūs no lietus neglābs”, Ģirts lūkojās bērzos ― “those won't save us from the rain,” Ģirts looked at the birch trees
Conjugation
INDICATIVE (īstenības izteiksme) | IMPERATIVE (pavēles izteiksme) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Present (tagadne) |
Past (pagātne) |
Future (nākotne) | |||
1st pers. sg. | es | glābju | glābu | glābšu | — |
2nd pers. sg. | tu | glāb | glābi | glābsi | glāb |
3rd pers. sg. | viņš, viņa | glābj | glāba | glābs | lai glābj |
1st pers. pl. | mēs | glābjam | glābām | glābsim | glābsim |
2nd pers. pl. | jūs | glābjat | glābāt | glābsiet, glābsit |
glābiet |
3rd pers. pl. | viņi, viņas | glābj | glāba | glābs | lai glābj |
RENARRATIVE (atstāstījuma izteiksme) | PARTICIPLES (divdabji) | ||||
Present | glābjot | Present Active 1 (Adj.) | glābjošs | ||
Past | esot glābis | Present Active 2 (Adv.) | glābdams | ||
Future | glābšot | Present Active 3 (Adv.) | glābjot | ||
Imperative | lai glābjot | Present Active 4 (Obj.) | glābjam | ||
CONDITIONAL (vēlējuma izteiksme) | Past Active | glābis | |||
Present | glābtu | Present Passive | glābjams | ||
Past | būtu glābis | Past Passive | glābts | ||
DEBITIVE (vajadzības izteiksme) | NOMINAL FORMS | ||||
Indicative | (būt) jāglābj | Infinitive (nenoteiksme) | glābt | ||
Conjunctive 1 | esot jāglābj | Negative Infinitive | neglābt | ||
Conjunctive 2 | jāglābjot | Verbal noun | glābšana |
Derived terms
- prefixed verbs:
- other derived terms:
Related terms
References
- ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “glābt”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
- Latvian etymologies from LEV
- Latvian terms derived from Proto-Baltic
- Latvian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Latvian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latvian words with broken intonation
- Latvian terms with audio links
- Latvian transitive verbs
- Latvian lemmas
- Latvian verbs
- Latvian terms with usage examples
- Latvian first conjugation verbs
- Latvian first conjugation verbs in -t
- Latvian semi-palatalizing first conjugation verbs