kastua
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Finnish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Finnic *kastudak, equivalent to kastaa (“to wet, soak”) + -ua.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]kastua
- (intransitive) to wet, get wet
- pyykit kastuivat sateessa ― the laundry got wet in the rain
Conjugation
[edit]Inflection of kastua (Kotus type 52/sanoa, no gradation) | |||||||||||||||||||||
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indicative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present tense | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | kastun | en kastu | 1st sing. | olen kastunut | en ole kastunut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | kastut | et kastu | 2nd sing. | olet kastunut | et ole kastunut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | kastuu | ei kastu | 3rd sing. | on kastunut | ei ole kastunut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | kastumme | emme kastu | 1st plur. | olemme kastuneet | emme ole kastuneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | kastutte | ette kastu | 2nd plur. | olette kastuneet | ette ole kastuneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | kastuvat | eivät kastu | 3rd plur. | ovat kastuneet | eivät ole kastuneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | kastutaan | ei kastuta | passive | on kastuttu | ei ole kastuttu | ||||||||||||||||
past tense | pluperfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | kastuin | en kastunut | 1st sing. | olin kastunut | en ollut kastunut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | kastuit | et kastunut | 2nd sing. | olit kastunut | et ollut kastunut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | kastui | ei kastunut | 3rd sing. | oli kastunut | ei ollut kastunut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | kastuimme | emme kastuneet | 1st plur. | olimme kastuneet | emme olleet kastuneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | kastuitte | ette kastuneet | 2nd plur. | olitte kastuneet | ette olleet kastuneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | kastuivat | eivät kastuneet | 3rd plur. | olivat kastuneet | eivät olleet kastuneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | kastuttiin | ei kastuttu | passive | oli kastuttu | ei ollut kastuttu | ||||||||||||||||
conditional mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | kastuisin | en kastuisi | 1st sing. | olisin kastunut | en olisi kastunut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | kastuisit | et kastuisi | 2nd sing. | olisit kastunut | et olisi kastunut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | kastuisi | ei kastuisi | 3rd sing. | olisi kastunut | ei olisi kastunut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | kastuisimme | emme kastuisi | 1st plur. | olisimme kastuneet | emme olisi kastuneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | kastuisitte | ette kastuisi | 2nd plur. | olisitte kastuneet | ette olisi kastuneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | kastuisivat | eivät kastuisi | 3rd plur. | olisivat kastuneet | eivät olisi kastuneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | kastuttaisiin | ei kastuttaisi | passive | olisi kastuttu | ei olisi kastuttu | ||||||||||||||||
imperative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | kastu | älä kastu | 2nd sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | kastukoon | älköön kastuko | 3rd sing. | olkoon kastunut | älköön olko kastunut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | kastukaamme | älkäämme kastuko | 1st plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | kastukaa | älkää kastuko | 2nd plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | kastukoot | älkööt kastuko | 3rd plur. | olkoot kastuneet | älkööt olko kastuneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | kastuttakoon | älköön kastuttako | passive | olkoon kastuttu | älköön olko kastuttu | ||||||||||||||||
potential mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | kastunen | en kastune | 1st sing. | lienen kastunut | en liene kastunut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | kastunet | et kastune | 2nd sing. | lienet kastunut | et liene kastunut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | kastunee | ei kastune | 3rd sing. | lienee kastunut | ei liene kastunut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | kastunemme | emme kastune | 1st plur. | lienemme kastuneet | emme liene kastuneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | kastunette | ette kastune | 2nd plur. | lienette kastuneet | ette liene kastuneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | kastunevat | eivät kastune | 3rd plur. | lienevät kastuneet | eivät liene kastuneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | kastuttaneen | ei kastuttane | passive | lienee kastuttu | ei liene kastuttu | ||||||||||||||||
Nominal forms | |||||||||||||||||||||
infinitives | participles | ||||||||||||||||||||
active | passive | active | passive | ||||||||||||||||||
1st | kastua | present | kastuva | kastuttava | |||||||||||||||||
long 1st1 |
|
past | kastunut | kastuttu | |||||||||||||||||
2nd | inessive2 | kastuessa | kastuttaessa | agent4 | kastuma | ||||||||||||||||
|
negative | kastumaton | |||||||||||||||||||
instructive | kastuen | — | 1) Used only with a possessive suffix. 2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only). | ||||||||||||||||||
3rd | inessive | kastumassa | — | ||||||||||||||||||
elative | kastumasta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
illative | kastumaan | — | |||||||||||||||||||
adessive | kastumalla | — | |||||||||||||||||||
abessive | kastumatta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
instructive | kastuman | kastuttaman | |||||||||||||||||||
4th3 | verbal noun | kastuminen | |||||||||||||||||||
5th1 |
|
Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “kastua”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02
Anagrams
[edit]Ingrian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Finnic *kastudak, equivalent to kastaa (“to moisten”) + -ua. Cognates include Finnish kastua and dialectal Estonian kastuda.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈkɑstuɑ/, [ˈkɑs̠to̞]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈkɑstuɑ/, [ˈkɑʃtuɑ]
- Rhymes: -ɑstoː, -ɑstuɑ
- Hyphenation: kas‧tu‧a
Verb
[edit]kastua
- (intransitive) to become wet
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of kastua (type 1/ampua, st-ss gradation) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indikativa | |||||
Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | kassun | en kassu | 1st singular | oon kastunt, oon kastunut | en oo kastunt, en oo kastunut |
2nd singular | kassut | et kassu | 2nd singular | oot kastunt, oot kastunut | et oo kastunt, et oo kastunut |
3rd singular | kastuu | ei kassu | 3rd singular | ono kastunt, ono kastunut | ei oo kastunt, ei oo kastunut |
1st plural | kassumma | emmä kassu | 1st plural | oomma kastuneet | emmä oo kastuneet |
2nd plural | kassutta | että kassu | 2nd plural | ootta kastuneet | että oo kastuneet |
3rd plural | kastuut1), kastuvat2), kassutaa | evät kassu, ei kassuta | 3rd plural | ovat kastuneet | evät oo kastuneet, ei oo kassuttu |
impersonal | kassutaa | ei kassuta | impersonal | ono kassuttu | ei oo kassuttu |
Imperfekta | Pluskvamperfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | kassuin | en kastunt, en kastunut | 1st singular | olin kastunt, olin kastunut | en olt kastunt, en olt kastunut |
2nd singular | kassuit | et kastunt, et kastunut | 2nd singular | olit kastunt, olit kastunut | et olt kastunt, et olt kastunut |
3rd singular | kastui | ei kastunt, ei kastunut | 3rd singular | oli kastunt, oli kastunut | ei olt kastunt, ei olt kastunut |
1st plural | kassuimma | emmä kastuneet | 1st plural | olimma kastuneet | emmä olleet kastuneet |
2nd plural | kassuitta | että kastuneet | 2nd plural | olitta kastuneet | että olleet kastuneet |
3rd plural | kastuit1), kastuivat2), kassuttii | evät kastuneet, ei kassuttu | 3rd plural | olivat kastuneet | evät olleet kastuneet, ei olt kassuttu |
impersonal | kassuttii | ei kassuttu | impersonal | oli kassuttu | ei olt kassuttu |
Konditsionala | |||||
Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | kastuisin | en kastuis | 1st singular | olisin kastunt, olisin kastunut | en olis kastunt, en olis kastunut |
2nd singular | kastuisit, kastuist1) | et kastuis | 2nd singular | olisit kastunt, olisit kastunut | et olis kastunt, et olis kastunut |
3rd singular | kastuis | ei kastuis | 3rd singular | olis kastunt, olis kastunut | ei olis kastunt, ei olis kastunut |
1st plural | kastuisimma | emmä kastuis | 1st plural | olisimma kastuneet | emmä olis kastuneet |
2nd plural | kastuisitta | että kastuis | 2nd plural | olisitta kastuneet | että olis kastuneet |
3rd plural | kastuisiit1), kastuisivat2), kassuttais | evät kastuis, ei kassuttais | 3rd plural | olisivat kastuneet | evät olis kastuneet, ei olis kassuttu |
impersonal | kassuttais | ei kassuttais | impersonal | olis kassuttu | ei olis kassuttu |
Imperativa | |||||
Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | — | — | 1st singular | — | — |
2nd singular | kassu | elä kassu | 2nd singular | oo kastunt, oo kastunut | elä oo kastunt, elä oo kastunut |
3rd singular | kastukoo | elköö kastuko | 3rd singular | olkoo kastunt, olkoo kastunut | elköö olko kastunt, elköö olko kastunut |
1st plural | — | — | 1st plural | — | — |
2nd plural | kastukaa | elkää kastuko | 2nd plural | olkaa kastuneet | elkää olko kastuneet |
3rd plural | kastukoot | elkööt kastuko, elköö kassuttako | 3rd plural | olkoot kastuneet | elkööt olko kastuneet, elköö olko kassuttu |
impersonal | kassuttakkoo | elköö kassuttako | impersonal | olkoo kassuttu | elköö olko kassuttu |
Potentsiala | |||||
Preesens | |||||
positive | negative | ||||
1st singular | kastunen | en kastune | |||
2nd singular | kastunet | et kastune | |||
3rd singular | kastunoo | ei kastune | |||
1st plural | kastunemma | emmä kastune | |||
2nd plural | kastunetta | että kastune | |||
3rd plural | kastunoot | evät kastune, ei kassuttane | |||
impersonal | kassuttannoo | ei kassuttane | |||
Nominal forms | |||||
Infinitivat | Partisipat | ||||
active | passive | ||||
1st | kastua | present | kastuva | kassuttava | |
2nd | inessive | kastujees | past | kastunt, kastunut | kassuttu |
instructive | kastuen | 1) Chiefly in the Soikkola dialect. 2) Chiefly in the Ala-Laukaa dialect. *) For the imperative, the 2nd plural (kastukaa) may be used for the 3rd person as well. **) The interrogative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) to the indicative ***) The deliberative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) or -kse to either the indicative or the potential ****) In folk poetry, a long first infinitive can be formed by adding the suffix -kse-, followed by possessive suffixes, to the first infinitive. Note that sometimes gemination may be undone by this addition. | |||
3rd | illative | kastumaa | |||
inessive | kastumaas | ||||
elative | kastumast | ||||
abessive | kastumata | ||||
4th | nominative | kastumiin | |||
partitive | kastumista, kastumist |
References
[edit]- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 141
Categories:
- Finnish terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Finnish terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Finnish terms suffixed with -ua
- Finnish 3-syllable words
- Finnish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Finnish/ɑstuɑ
- Rhymes:Finnish/ɑstuɑ/3 syllables
- Finnish lemmas
- Finnish verbs
- Finnish automative verbs
- Finnish intransitive verbs
- Finnish terms with usage examples
- Finnish sanoa-type verbs
- Ingrian terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Ingrian terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Ingrian terms suffixed with -ua
- Ingrian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Ingrian/ɑstoː
- Rhymes:Ingrian/ɑstoː/3 syllables
- Rhymes:Ingrian/ɑstuɑ
- Rhymes:Ingrian/ɑstuɑ/3 syllables
- Ingrian lemmas
- Ingrian verbs
- Ingrian intransitive verbs