kolega
See also: Kolega
Czech
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Etymology tree
Czech kolega
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]kolega m anim (female equivalent kolegyně)
- colleague
- Synonym: spolupracovník
Declension
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “kolega”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
- “kolega”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
- “kolega”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2026
Indonesian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Dutch collega, from Latin collēga.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Standard Indonesian) IPA(key): /koˈleɡa/ [koˈle.ɡa]
- Rhymes: -eɡa
- Syllabification: ko‧le‧ga
Noun
[edit]koléga (plural kolega-kolega)
Related terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “kolega”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016
Latgalian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Ultimately from Latin collega, probably via Russian коллега (kollega).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]kolega m or f
Declension
[edit]| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | kolega | kolegys, kolegas1) |
| genitive | kolegys, kolegas1) | kolegu |
| dative | kolegai, kolegam | kolegom |
| accusative | kolegu | kolegys, kolegas1) |
| instrumental | kolegu | kolegom |
| locative | kolegā | koleguos |
| vocative | kolega, koleg | kolegys, kolegas1) |
1) dialectal
References
[edit]- A. Andronov; L. Leikuma (2008), Latgalīšu-Latvīšu-Krīvu sarunu vuordineica, Lvava, →ISBN, page 12
Lithuanian
[edit]
Etymology
[edit]From Latin collēga, likely via a Slavic language.
Noun
[edit]kolegà m (plural kolègos, feminine kolègė) stress pattern 2
Declension
[edit]| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | kolegà | kolègos |
| genitive | kolègos | kolègų |
| dative | kolègai | kolègoms |
| accusative | kolègą | kolegàs |
| instrumental | kolegà | kolègomis |
| locative | kolègoje | kolègose |
| vocative | kolèga | kolègos |
Further reading
[edit]- “kolega”, in Lietuvių kalbos žodynas [Dictionary of the Lithuanian language], lkz.lt, 1941–2026
- “kolega” in Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija [Universal Lithuanian Encyclopedia]
Polish
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- kollega (Middle Polish)
- koleżan (Masovian Borderland, Denków)
- kolego (Northern Borderlands, Lithuania)
- kolegiján (Western Kraków, Krzęcin)
Etymology
[edit]Etymology tree
Polish kolega
Borrowed from German Kollege.[1][2] First attested in 1563.[3] Compare Kashubian kòlega and Silesian kolega.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]kolega m pers (female equivalent koleżanka, diminutive koleżka)
Declension
[edit]Declension of kolega
Derived terms
[edit]interjections
Related terms
[edit]nouns
Trivia
[edit]According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), kolega is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 3 times in scientific texts, 7 times in news, 7 times in essays, 40 times in fiction, and 51 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 108 times, making it the 580th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[4]
References
[edit]- ^ Dubisz, Stanisław, editor (2003), “kolega”, in Uniwersalny słownik języka polskiego [Universal Dictionary of the Polish Language][1] (in Polish), volumes 1–4, Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, →ISBN, →OCLC
- ^ Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000), “kolega”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
- ^ Maria Renata Mayenowa; Stanisław Rospond; Witold Taszycki; Stefan Hrabec; Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023), “kollega”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
- ^ Ida Kurcz (1990), “kolega”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language][2] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków; Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 183
Further reading
[edit]- Modern Standard Polish:
- “kolega”, in Wielki słownik języka polskiego[3] (in Polish), Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- “kolega”, in Polish dictionaries at PWN[4] (in Polish)
- Woliński, Marcin; Saloni, Zygmunt; Wołosz, Robert; Gruszczyński, Włodzimierz; Skowrońska, Danuta; Bronk, Zbigniew (2020), “kolega”, in Słownik gramatyczny języka polskiego [Grammatical Dictionary of Polish][5], 4. online edition, Warszawa
- Middle Polish:
- “KOLEGA”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 02.08.2008
- Historic dictionaries:
- Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814), “kolega”, in Słownik języka polskiego
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861), “kolega”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
- J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1902), “kolega”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 2, Warsaw, page 398
- Dialectal dictionaries:
- Jan Karłowicz (1901), “kolega”, in Słownik gwar polskich [Dictionary of Polish dialects] (in Polish), volume 2: F do K, Kraków: Akademia Umiejętności, page 400
- Etymological dictionaries:
- Krystyna Długosz-Kurczabowa (2021), “kolega”, in Wielki słownik etymologiczno-historyczny języka polskiego, →ISBN
Serbo-Croatian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]koléga m anim (Cyrillic spelling коле́га, female equivalent kolègica)
Declension
[edit]| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | kolega | kolege |
| genitive | kolege | kolega |
| dative | kolegi | kolegama |
| accusative | kolegu | kolege |
| vocative | kolego | kolege |
| locative | kolegi | kolegama |
| instrumental | kolegom | kolegama |
Silesian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Etymology tree
Silesian kolega
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]kolega m pers
Declension
[edit]| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | kolega | koledzy/kolegowie |
| genitive | kolegi | kolegōw |
| dative | koledze/kolegowi | kolegōm |
| accusative | kolegi | kolegōw |
| instrumental | kolegōm | kolegami/kolegōma |
| locative | koledze | kolegach |
| vocative | kolego | koledzy/kolegowie |
Further reading
[edit]- kolega in silling.org
Slovak
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Etymology tree
Slovak kolega
Pronunciation
[edit]- IPA(key): /kɔʎeɡa/, (high register) [ˈkɔʎeɡa], (common) [ˈkɔleɡa]
- Rhymes: -eɡa
- Hyphenation: ko‧le‧ga
Noun
[edit]kolega m pers (female equivalent kolegyňa)
Declension
[edit]| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | kolega | kolegovia |
| genitive | kolegu | kolegov |
| dative | kolegovi | kolegom |
| accusative | kolegu | kolegov |
| locative | kolegovi | kolegoch |
| instrumental | kolegom | kolegami |
Related terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “kolega”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2026
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