krok

See also: krök, Krok, and Krök

Czech

Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech krok, from Proto-Slavic *korkъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈkrok]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

krok m inan

1. step, pace

Declension

Declension of krok (velar masculine inanimate)

	singular	plural
nominative	krok	kroky
genitive	kroku	kroků
dative	kroku	krokům
accusative	krok	kroky
vocative	kroku	kroky
locative	kroku	krocích
instrumental	krokem	kroky

Derived terms

• krokovat
• krůček m

Related terms

adjective

• pokrokový

nouns

• kročej
• mezikrok
• pokrok
• rozkrok
• úkrok
• zákrok

verbs

• kráčet
• nakročit
• pokročit
• překročit
• přikročit
• rozkročit
• ukročit
• vkročit
• vykročit
• zakročit

Further reading

• “krok”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
• “krok”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
• “krok”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2026

Kashubian

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker-der.?

Proto-Balto-Slavic *kar-

Proto-Indo-European *-kos

Proto-Slavic *-kъ

?

Proto-Slavic *korkъ

Kashubian krok

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *korkъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkrɔk/
• Rhymes: -ɔk
• Syllabification: krok

Noun

krok m inan (diminutive kroczk, related adjective kroczny or krokòwi)

1. step, pace (motion taken while walking)
2. step, pace (distance covered by such an action)
3. (anatomy) perineum
4. (collective) children

Declension

Declension of krok

	singular	plural
nominative	krok	kroczi
genitive	krokù	kroków
dative	krokòwi	krokóm
accusative	krok	kroczi
instrumental	krokã	krokama
locative	krokù	krokach
vocative	krokù	kroczi

Derived terms

verbs

• kroczëc impf

Further reading

• Stefan Ramułt (1893), “krok”, in Słownik języka pomorskiego czyli kaszubskiego (in Kashubian), page 80
• Sychta, Bernard (1968), “krok”, in Słownik gwar kaszubskich [Dictionary of Kashubian dialects] (in Polish), volumes 2 (H – L), Wrocław: Ossolineum, page 255
• Jan Trepczyk (1994), “krok”, in Słownik polsko-kaszubski (in Kashubian), volumes 1–2
• Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011), “krok”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎^[2]
• “krok”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022

Mauritian Creole

Etymology

From French croc.

Noun

krok

1. hook

References

• Baker, Philip; Hookoomsing, Vinesh Y. (1987), Diksiyoner kreol morisyeṅ [Mauritian Creole Dictionary] (in French and English), Paris: L'Harmattan, →ISBN, page 165
• Carpooran, Arnaud (2011), Diksioner Morisien [Mauritian Dictionary] (in Mauritian Creole), second edition, Éditions Le Printemps, →ISBN, page 555

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Old Norse krókr, from Proto-Germanic *krōkaz, from Proto-Indo-European *gerg-.

Noun

krok m (definite singular kroken, indefinite plural kroker, definite plural krokene)

1. a hook
2. a corner (e.g. of a room)

Derived terms

• fiskekrok
• kroksjø
• avkrok

References

• “krok” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Old Norse krókr.

Noun

krok m (definite singular kroken, indefinite plural krokar, definite plural krokane)

1. a hook
2. a corner (e.g. of a room)

Derived terms

• fiskekrok
• kroksjø

References

• “krok” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old Czech

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker-der.?

Proto-Balto-Slavic *kar-

Proto-Indo-European *-kos

Proto-Slavic *-kъ

?

Proto-Slavic *korkъ

Old Czech krok

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *korkъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (13^th CE) /ˈkrok/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /ˈkrok/

Noun

krok m inan

1. step, pace
2. walking
3. (metrology) step (Roman unit of length equal to five Roman feet)
4. (in the plural) steps (roundly bounded place designated for trial; judicial duel)

Declension

Declension of krok (hard o-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	krok	kroky	kroci, krokové
genitive	kroka, kroku	krokú	krokóv
dative	kroku	krokoma	krokóm
accusative	krok	kroky	kroky
vocative	kroče	kroky	kroci, krokové
locative	krocě, kroku	krokú	krociech
instrumental	krokem	krokoma	kroky

This table shows the most common forms around the 13th century.

Derived terms

adverbs

• krokem

Descendants

• Czech: krok

References

• Jan Gebauer (1903–1916), “krok”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění

Old Slovak

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker-der.?

Proto-Balto-Slavic *kar-

Proto-Indo-European *-kos

Proto-Slavic *-kъ

?

Proto-Slavic *korkъ

Old Slovak krok

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *korkъ. First attested in 1652.

Noun

krok m inan

1. step, pace
2. (metrology) step (Roman unit of length equal to five Roman feet)
3. step; deed, action

Descendants

• Slovak: krok

References

• Majtán, Milan et al., editors (1991–2008), “krok”, in Historický slovník slovenského jazyka [Historical Dictionary of the Slovak Language] (in Slovak), volumes 1–7 (A – Ž), Bratislava: VEDA, →OCLC

Polish

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker-der.?

Proto-Balto-Slavic *kar-

Proto-Indo-European *-kos

Proto-Slavic *-kъ

?

Proto-Slavic *korkъ

Old Polish *krok

Polish krok

Inherited from Old Polish *krok. First attested in 1534.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ˈkrɔk/

• (Middle Polish) IPA^(key): /ˈkrɔk/
• (Masovia):
  • (Near Masovian) IPA^(key): [ˈkrɔk]
  • (Suwałki) IPA^(key): [ˈkrɔk]
• (Borderlands):
  • (Northern Borderlands) IPA^(key): [ˈkrɔk]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɔk
• Syllabification: krok

Noun

krok m inan (diminutive kroczek, related adjective kroczny)

1. step (advance or movement made from one foot to the other; a pace)
2. step (space passed over by one movement of the foot in walking or running)
3. step, pace (gait; manner of walking)

   Synonym: chód

4. step (small space or distance) [with od (+ genitive) ‘from something’ and do (+ genitive) ‘to something’]
5. step (proceeding; measure; action; act)

   Synonym: czyn

6. step (distinct part of a process; stage; phase)

   Synonym: postęp

7. crotch (area in clothes where the area for legs are sewn)
   1. (Middle Polish) animal's behind (back end of an animal)
8. (anatomy) crotch, perineum

   Synonym: krocze

   1. (Near Masovian, Jagodne, Northern Borderlands, Lithuania, anatomy) synonym of międzykrocze / rosocha
   2. (Suwałki, Augustów Governorate) synonym of przyrodzenie (“crotch”) (human reproductive organs)
9. (metrology, Ancient Rome) step (Roman unit of length equal to five Roman feet)
10. (obsolete) entry (ability to enter)
11. (Middle Polish) feet

    Synonyms: nogi, stopy

12. (Middle Polish) trace, track, trail

    Synonyms: ślad, trop

13. (Middle Polish) straddle (posture)

    Synonym: rozkrok

14. (Middle Polish) loin cloth worn for decency

Declension

Declension of krok

	singular	plural
nominative	krok	kroki
genitive	kroku	kroków
dative	krokowi	krokom
accusative	krok	kroki
instrumental	krokiem	krokami
locative	kroku	krokach
vocative	kroku	kroki

• The Western Kraków dialect (Smardzowice) shows a genitive singular form kroka.

Derived terms

adverbs

• dwa kroki stąd
• krok po kroku
• krok w krok
• na każdym kroku
• wielkimi krokami

verbs

• kroczyć impf

verbs

• dotrzymać kroku pf, dotrzymywać kroku impf
• postawić pierwsze kroki pf, stawiać pierwsze kroki impf
• przyspieszyć kroku pf, przyspieszać kroku impf
• skierować kroki pf, kierować kroki impf
• śledzić każdy krok impf
• zrównać krok pf, równać krok impf
• zwolnić kroku pf, zwalniać kroku impf

Descendants

• → Belarusian: крок (krok)
• → Ukrainian: крок (krok)

Trivia

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), krok is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 7 times in scientific texts, 23 times in news, 16 times in essays, 48 times in fiction, and 10 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 104 times, making it the 596th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.

Further reading

• Modern Standard Polish:
  • “krok”, in Wielki słownik języka polskiego‎^[3] (in Polish), Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • “krok”, in Polish dictionaries at PWN‎^[4] (in Polish)
  • Zygmunt Saloni, et al., editors (2020), “krok”, in Słownik gramatyczny języka polskiego [Grammatical Dictionary of Polish]‎^[5], 4. online edition, Warszawa
• Middle Polish:
  • Wiesław Morawski (10.08.2023), “KROK”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]
• Historic dictionaries:
  • Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814), “krok”, in Słownik języka polskiego
  • Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861), “krok”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
  • J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1902), “krok”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 2, Warsaw, page 556
• Dialectal dictionaries:
  • Jan Karłowicz (1901), “krok”, in Słownik gwar polskich [Dictionary of Polish dialects] (in Polish), volume 2: F do K, Kraków: Akademia Umiejętności, page 480
• Etymological dictionaries:
  • Boryś, Wiesław (2005), “krok”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN
  • Mańczak, Witold (2017), “krok”, in Polski słownik etymologiczny (in Polish), Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętności, →ISBN
  • Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000), “krok”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)

Silesian

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker-der.?

Proto-Balto-Slavic *kar-

Proto-Indo-European *-kos

Proto-Slavic *-kъ

?

Proto-Slavic *korkъ

Old Polish *krok

Silesian krok

Inherited from Old Polish *krok.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkrɔk/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɔk
• Syllabification: krok

Noun

krok m inan (diminutive kroczek)

1. step, pace (motion taken while walking)
2. step, pace (distance covered by such an action)

Declension

Declension of krok

	singular	plural
nominative	krok	kroki
genitive	kroku	krokōw
dative	krokowi	krokōm
accusative	krok	kroki
instrumental	krokym	krokami/krokōma
locative	kroku	krokach
vocative	kroku	kroki

Derived terms

verbs

• kroczyć impf

Further reading

• krok in silling.org

Slovak

Etymology

Inherited from Old Slovak krok, from Proto-Slavic *korkъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /krɔk/, [ˈkrɔk]
• Rhymes: -ɔk

Noun

krok m inan (relational adjective krokový, diminutive krôčik)

1. step, pace (motion taken while walking)
2. step, pace (distance covered by such an action)
3. step; deed, action
4. step (phase; part of a whole)

Declension

Declension of krok
(pattern dub)

	singular	plural
nominative	krok	kroky
genitive	kroka, kroku	krokov
dative	kroku	krokom
accusative	krok	kroky
locative	kroku	krokoch
instrumental	krokom	krokmi

Further reading

• “krok”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2026

Swedish

Etymology

From Old Swedish krōker, from Old Norse krókr, from Proto-Germanic *krōkaz.

Noun

krok c

1. a hook (rod bent into a curved shape)
2. a hook (fishhook)
4. (boxing) a hook (type of punch)

Declension

Declension of krok

		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	krok	kroks
	definite	kroken	krokens
plural	indefinite	krokar	krokars
	definite	krokarna	krokarnas

Derived terms

• angelkrok
• avkrok
• högerkrok
• i krokarna
• krokben
• krokig
• krokna
• kroknäsa
• kroknäst
• krokväg
• kröka
• metkrok
• ostkrok
• vänsterkrok

See also

• hake

References

• “krok”, in Svenska Akademiens ordböcker [Dictionaries of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish)

Anagrams

• kork

Volapük

Noun

krok (genitive kroka, plural kroks)

1. crocus

Declension

Declension of krok

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	krok	kroks
Genitive	kroka	krokas
Dative	kroke	krokes
Accusative	kroki	krokis
Predicative1	kroku	krokus
Vocative	o krok	o kroks

1. Introduced in Volapük Nulik.

Further reading

• “krok”, in Vödabuk (in English, Esperanto, and Volapük)