lapio

Finnish

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *lapido, related to Estonian labidas, Karelian labju, Veps labid and Votic lappia. Possibly borrowed from a Balto-Slavic language; compare Proto-Slavic *lopata (“shovel, spade”), Lithuanian lópeta (“shovel”), Latvian lâpsta (“shovel, spade”) and Old Prussian lopto (“spade”). Also theorized to be equivalent to lapa (“wide, flat blade of a tool”) +‎ -io, but this is phonologically less tenable.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈlɑpio/, [ˈlɑ̝pio̞]
• Rhymes: -ɑpio
• Syllabification^(key): la‧pi‧o
• Hyphenation^(key): la‧pio

Noun

lapio

1. shovel (tool for moving portions of material)
2. spade (garden tool with a handle and a flat blade for digging)

Usage notes

No strict distinction between shovels and spades occurs in Finnish. The term lapio can be used for any tool consisting of a flat blade attached to a handle that is used for digging and/or carrying material. Compound words are used for more specific uses, like istutuslapio (“(gardening) trowel”), laastilapio (“(mortar) trowel”), lumilapio (“snow shovel”), pistolapio (“shovel (with a pointed tip)”) or puutarhalapio (“gardening spade”).

Declension

Inflection of lapio (Kotus type 3/valtio, no gradation)
nominative		lapio	lapiot
genitive		lapion	lapioiden lapioitten
partitive		lapiota	lapioita
illative		lapioon	lapioihin
		singular	plural
nominative		lapio	lapiot
accusative	nom.	lapio	lapiot
	gen.	lapion
genitive		lapion	lapioiden lapioitten
partitive		lapiota	lapioita
inessive		lapiossa	lapioissa
elative		lapiosta	lapioista
illative		lapioon	lapioihin
adessive		lapiolla	lapioilla
ablative		lapiolta	lapioilta
allative		lapiolle	lapioille
essive		lapiona	lapioina
translative		lapioksi	lapioiksi
abessive		lapiotta	lapioitta
instructive		—	lapioin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of lapio (Kotus type 3/valtio, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative lapioni lapioni accusative nom. lapioni lapioni gen. lapioni genitive lapioni lapioideni lapioitteni partitive lapiotani lapioitani inessive lapiossani lapioissani elative lapiostani lapioistani illative lapiooni lapioihini adessive lapiollani lapioillani ablative lapioltani lapioiltani allative lapiolleni lapioilleni essive lapionani lapioinani translative lapiokseni lapioikseni abessive lapiottani lapioittani instructive — — comitative — lapioineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative lapiosi lapiosi accusative nom. lapiosi lapiosi gen. lapiosi genitive lapiosi lapioidesi lapioittesi partitive lapiotasi lapioitasi inessive lapiossasi lapioissasi elative lapiostasi lapioistasi illative lapioosi lapioihisi adessive lapiollasi lapioillasi ablative lapioltasi lapioiltasi allative lapiollesi lapioillesi essive lapionasi lapioinasi translative lapioksesi lapioiksesi abessive lapiottasi lapioittasi instructive — — comitative — lapioinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative lapiomme lapiomme accusative nom. lapiomme lapiomme gen. lapiomme genitive lapiomme lapioidemme lapioittemme partitive lapiotamme lapioitamme inessive lapiossamme lapioissamme elative lapiostamme lapioistamme illative lapioomme lapioihimme adessive lapiollamme lapioillamme ablative lapioltamme lapioiltamme allative lapiollemme lapioillemme essive lapionamme lapioinamme translative lapioksemme lapioiksemme abessive lapiottamme lapioittamme instructive — — comitative — lapioinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative lapionne lapionne accusative nom. lapionne lapionne gen. lapionne genitive lapionne lapioidenne lapioittenne partitive lapiotanne lapioitanne inessive lapiossanne lapioissanne elative lapiostanne lapioistanne illative lapioonne lapioihinne adessive lapiollanne lapioillanne ablative lapioltanne lapioiltanne allative lapiollenne lapioillenne essive lapionanne lapioinanne translative lapioksenne lapioiksenne abessive lapiottanne lapioittanne instructive — — comitative — lapioinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative lapionsa lapionsa accusative nom. lapionsa lapionsa gen. lapionsa genitive lapionsa lapioidensa lapioittensa partitive lapiotaan lapiotansa lapioitaan lapioitansa inessive lapiossaan lapiossansa lapioissaan lapioissansa elative lapiostaan lapiostansa lapioistaan lapioistansa illative lapioonsa lapioihinsa adessive lapiollaan lapiollansa lapioillaan lapioillansa ablative lapioltaan lapioltansa lapioiltaan lapioiltansa allative lapiolleen lapiollensa lapioilleen lapioillensa essive lapionaan lapionansa lapioinaan lapioinansa translative lapiokseen lapioksensa lapioikseen lapioiksensa abessive lapiottaan lapiottansa lapioittaan lapioittansa instructive — — comitative — lapioineen lapioinensa

Derived terms

nouns

• lapiollinen

verbs

• lapioida

compounds

• hiekkalapio
• hiililapio
• istutuslapio
• jauholapio
• kakkulapio
• kenttälapio
• konelapio
• laastilapio
• lapioharja
• lapiokalastaja
• Lapiolahti
• lapionpisto
• lapionvarsi
• lapiorullaäes
• lapiosarvi
• leipälapio
• leivoslapio
• lumilapio
• ojalapio
• pistolapio
• puutarhalapio
• rautalapio
• riihilapio
• rikkalapio
• siunauslapio
• tuhkalapio
• tulilapio

Further reading

• “lapio”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2 July 2023

Anagrams

• lipoa, olipa, paloi, polia

Welsh

Etymology

From English lap (“wrap”) +‎ -io.

Verb

lapio (first-person singular present lapiaf, not mutable)

1. (transitive) to wrap (am up, around)

   Dych chi wedi lapio'r anrhegion eto?

   Have you wrapped the presents yet?

   Mae clogyn o oleuni wedi'i lapio amdanat.

   A cloak of light is wrapped around you.

Conjugation

Conjugation of lapio (literary)

	singular			plural			impersonal
	first	second	third	first	second	third
present indicative/future	lapiaf	lepi	lapia	lapiwn	lepiwch, lapiwch	lapiant	lepir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/conditional	lapiwn	lepit	lapiai	lapiem	lapiech	lapient	lepid
preterite	lepiais	lepiaist	lapiodd	lapiasom	lapiasoch	lapiasant	lapiwyd
pluperfect	lapiaswn	lapiasit	lapiasai	lapiasem	lapiasech	lapiasent	lapiasid, lapiesid
present subjunctive	lapiwyf	lepiech	lapio	lapiom	lapioch	lapiont	lapier
imperative	—	lapia	lapied	lapiwn	lepiwch, lapiwch	lapient	lapier
verbal noun	lapio
verbal adjectives	lapiedig lapiadwy

Conjugation of lapio (colloquial)

inflected colloquial forms	singular			plural
	first	second	third	first	second	third
future	lapia i, lapiaf i	lapi di	lapith o/e/hi, lapiff e/hi	lapiwn ni	lapiwch chi	lapian nhw
conditional	lapiwn i, lapswn i	lapiet ti, lapset ti	lapiai fo/fe/hi, lapsai fo/fe/hi	lapien ni, lapsen ni	lapiech chi, lapsech chi	lapien nhw, lapsen nhw
preterite	lapiais i, lapies i	lapiaist ti, lapiest ti	lapiodd o/e/hi	lapion ni	lapioch chi	lapion nhw
imperative	—	lapia	—	—	lapiwch	—

Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.

Derived terms

• amlapio (“to wrap up”)
• lapiad (“wrapping”)
• papur lapio (“wrapping paper; wrapper”)

Further reading

• D. G. Lewis, N. Lewis, editors (2005–present), “lapio”, in Gweiadur: the Welsh–English Dictionary, Gwerin
• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “lapio”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies