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luxus

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: Luxus and lúxus

Czech

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Czech Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia cs

Etymology

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From Latin luxus (“abundant”)

Pronunciation

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Noun

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luxus m inan

  1. luxury
    Synonym: přepych

Declension

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Declension of luxus (hard masculine inanimate)
singular plural
nominative luxus luxusy
genitive luxusu luxusů
dative luxusu luxusům
accusative luxus luxusy
vocative luxuse luxusy
locative luxuse, luxusu luxusech
instrumental luxusem luxusy

Derived terms

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Further reading

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Hungarian

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Etymology

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From Latin luxus.[1]

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [ˈluksuʃ]
  • Hyphenation: lu‧xus
  • Rhymes: -uʃ

Noun

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luxus (usually uncountable, plural luxusok)

  1. luxury (very wealthy and comfortable surroundings)
    Synonyms: fényűzés, pompa
  2. (often as a prefix in compounds) luxury, exclusive (something desirable but expensive that one cannot afford to buy)

Declension

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Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony)
singular plural
nominative luxus luxusok
accusative luxust luxusokat
dative luxusnak luxusoknak
instrumental luxussal luxusokkal
causal-final luxusért luxusokért
translative luxussá luxusokká
terminative luxusig luxusokig
essive-formal luxusként luxusokként
essive-modal — —
inessive luxusban luxusokban
superessive luxuson luxusokon
adessive luxusnál luxusoknál
illative luxusba luxusokba
sublative luxusra luxusokra
allative luxushoz luxusokhoz
elative luxusból luxusokból
delative luxusról luxusokról
ablative luxustól luxusoktól
non-attributive
possessive – singular 		luxusé luxusoké
non-attributive
possessive – plural 		luxuséi luxusokéi
Possessive forms of luxus
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. luxusom luxusaim
2nd person sing. luxusod luxusaid
3rd person sing. luxusa luxusai
1st person plural luxusunk luxusaink
2nd person plural luxusotok luxusaitok
3rd person plural luxusuk luxusaik

Derived terms

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Compound words

References

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  1. ^ István Tótfalusi (2005), Idegenszó-tár: Idegen szavak értelmező és etimológiai szótára [A Storehouse of Foreign Words: An Explanatory and Etymological Dictionary of Foreign Words], Budapest: Tinta, →ISBN

Further reading

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  • luxus in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN.

Latin

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Pronunciation

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  • (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [ˈɫuːk.sʊs], [ˈɫʊk.sʊs]
  • (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [ˈluk.sus]
  • De Vaan 2008 reconstructs the vowel in the first syllable as short, but notes the problem of explaining why Lachmann's law did not apply. In contrast, Bennett 1907 marks it long, appealing to Romance descendants,[1] although Bennett also gives luxus as an example of a word where it is difficult to decide whether the forms encountered in Romance are popular or learned.[2]

Etymology 1

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Perhaps from Proto-Italic *luksos, from Proto-Indo-European *lug-sό-s, from Proto-Indo-European *léwg-os ~ *léwg-es-os (“bend, twist”),[3] from *lewg- (“to bend”), whence also luctor (“to wrestle”).[4] If this theory is accepted, then the term is cognate with Sanskrit rugṇá (“bent, broken”), Ancient Greek λύγος (lúgos, “twig, withe”), Lithuanian lugnas, and Old Norse lykna (“to bend, close”).

Adjective

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lū̆xus (feminine lū̆xa, neuter lū̆xum); first/second-declension adjective

  1. dislocated
    Synonym: lū̆xātus
Declension
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First/second-declension adjective.

singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative lū̆xus lū̆xa lū̆xum lū̆xī lū̆xae lū̆xa
genitive lū̆xī lū̆xae lū̆xī lū̆xōrum lū̆xārum lū̆xōrum
dative lū̆xō lū̆xae lū̆xō lū̆xīs
accusative lū̆xum lū̆xam lū̆xum lū̆xōs lū̆xās lū̆xa
ablative lū̆xō lū̆xā lū̆xō lū̆xīs
vocative lū̆xe lū̆xa lū̆xum lū̆xī lū̆xae lū̆xa
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Disputed.

  • The rare sense 'dislocation' is presumably an abstract u-stem noun (see -tus) formed on the same stem as the adjective luxus (see above).
  • The more common sense 'luxury, extravagance' may be a metaphorical extension from "bending" to "lack of restraint".[4] Alternatively, it may have a separate etymology from Proto-Indo-European *dluk-s-u-, a u-stem adjective built to *dluk-s-ό (“sweet”), itself perhaps from *dléwk-es- (“sweetness”), whence perhaps Ancient Greek γλεῦκος (gleûkos, “sweet wine”).[5] However, the etymology of the Greek term is highly contentious, and it may derive from a non-IE substrate. For a semantic association between "sweetness" and "luxury," compare Italian dolce vita.

Noun

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lū̆xus m (genitive lū̆xūs); fourth declension

  1. extravagance, luxury, excess, debauchery
  2. pomp, splendor
  3. (rare) a dislocation
    Synonyms: lū̆xum, lū̆xātūra, lū̆xātiō
    • 234 BCE – 149 BCE, Cato the Elder, De agri cultura 160, (Ambiguous; could instead be a form of the synonymous second-declension noun luxum, luxī n):
      Ferrum insuper iactato. Ubi coierint et altera alteram tetigerint, id manu prehende et dextera sinistra praecide; ad luxum aut ad fracturam alliga: sanum fiet.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
    • c. 125 CE – 180 CE, Apuleius, Florida 16.70:
      Nam, ut meministis profecto, cum impedita esset imbri recitatio, in propinquum diem vobis volentibus protuli, et quidem Philemonis exemplo paenissime; quippe eodem die in palaestra adeo vehementer talum inverti, ut minimum afuerim, quin articulum etiam a crure defringerem. Tamen articulus loco concessit exque eo luxu adhuc fluxus est.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Declension
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Fourth-declension noun.

singular plural
nominative lū̆xus lū̆xūs
genitive lū̆xūs lū̆xuum
dative lū̆xuī lū̆xibus
accusative lū̆xum lū̆xūs
ablative lū̆xū lū̆xibus
vocative lū̆xus lū̆xūs
Derived terms
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Descendants
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  • Insular Romance:
    • Sardinian: luscu
  • Italo-Romance:
  • Gallo-Italic:
  • Ibero-Romance:

Borrowings:

References

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  1. ^ Bennett, Charles E. (1907), The Latin Language: a historical outline of its sounds, inflections, and syntax, Boston: Allyn and Bacon, page 60
  2. ^ Bennett, Charles E. (1907), The Latin Language: a historical outline of its sounds, inflections, and syntax, Boston: Allyn and Bacon, page 39
  3. ^ Riccardo Ginevra (16 December 2024), “Locative alternation in Proto-Indo-European”, in Indo-European Linguistics‎[1], volume 12, number 1, →DOI, →ISSN, page 36
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “luxus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 356
  5. ^ Massetti, Laura (2017), “The belly of an Indo-European: Some Greek and Iranian cognates of PIE *merĝ ‘to divide, cut'”, in Goldstein, David, Jamison, Stephanie, Vine, Brent, editors, Proceedings of the 27th Annual UCLA Indo-European Conference‎[2], page 4

Further reading

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  • “luxus” in volume 7, part 1, column 1934, line 21 in the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae (TLL Open Access), Berlin (formerly Leipzig): De Gruyter (formerly Teubner), 1900–present
  • “luxus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “luxus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • "luxus", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
  • Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎[3], London: Macmillan and Co.
    • to pass one's life in luxury and idleness: per luxum et ignaviam aetatem agere
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