luxus

See also: Luxus and lúxus

Czech

Etymology

From Latin luxus (“abundant”)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈluksus]

Noun

luxus m inan

1. luxury

   Synonym: přepych

Declension

Declension of luxus (hard masculine inanimate)

	singular	plural
nominative	luxus	luxusy
genitive	luxusu	luxusů
dative	luxusu	luxusům
accusative	luxus	luxusy
vocative	luxuse	luxusy
locative	luxuse, luxusu	luxusech
instrumental	luxusem	luxusy

Derived terms

• luxusní

Further reading

• “luxus”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
• “luxus”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
• “luxus”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2025

Hungarian

Etymology

From Latin luxus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈluksuʃ]
• Hyphenation: lu‧xus
• Rhymes: -uʃ

Noun

luxus (usually uncountable, plural luxusok)

1. luxury (very wealthy and comfortable surroundings)

   Synonyms: fényűzés, pompa

2. (often as a prefix in compounds) luxury, exclusive (something desirable but expensive that one cannot afford to buy)

Declension

Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony)

	singular	plural
nominative	luxus	luxusok
accusative	luxust	luxusokat
dative	luxusnak	luxusoknak
instrumental	luxussal	luxusokkal
causal-final	luxusért	luxusokért
translative	luxussá	luxusokká
terminative	luxusig	luxusokig
essive-formal	luxusként	luxusokként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	luxusban	luxusokban
superessive	luxuson	luxusokon
adessive	luxusnál	luxusoknál
illative	luxusba	luxusokba
sublative	luxusra	luxusokra
allative	luxushoz	luxusokhoz
elative	luxusból	luxusokból
delative	luxusról	luxusokról
ablative	luxustól	luxusoktól
non-attributive possessive – singular	luxusé	luxusoké
non-attributive possessive – plural	luxuséi	luxusokéi

Possessive forms of luxus

possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	luxusom	luxusaim
2nd person sing.	luxusod	luxusaid
3rd person sing.	luxusa	luxusai
1st person plural	luxusunk	luxusaink
2nd person plural	luxusotok	luxusaitok
3rd person plural	luxusuk	luxusaik

Derived terms

Compound words

• luxushajó
• luxusszálló

Further reading

• luxus in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN.

Latin

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈɫuːk.sʊs], [ˈɫʊk.sʊs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈluk.sus]
• De Vaan 2008 reconstructs the vowel in the first syllable as short, but notes the problem of explaining why Lachmann's law did not apply. In contrast, Bennett 1907 marks it long, appealing to Romance descendants, although Bennett also gives luxus as an example of a word where it is difficult to decide whether the forms encountered in Romance are popular or learned.

Etymology 1

From Proto-Italic *luksos, from Proto-Indo-European *lug-so-s, from Proto-Indo-European *lewg- (“bend, twist”), whence also luctor (“wrestle”). Cognate with Sanskrit रुग्ण (rugṇá, “bent, broken”), Ancient Greek λύγος (lúgos, “twig, withe”), Lithuanian lugnas, Old Norse lykna (“to bend, close”).

Adjective

lū̆xus (feminine lū̆xa, neuter lū̆xum); first/second-declension adjective

1. dislocated

Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

	singular				plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	lū̆xus	lū̆xa	lū̆xum		lū̆xī	lū̆xae	lū̆xa
genitive	lū̆xī	lū̆xae	lū̆xī		lū̆xōrum	lū̆xārum	lū̆xōrum
dative	lū̆xō	lū̆xae	lū̆xō		lū̆xīs
accusative	lū̆xum	lū̆xam	lū̆xum		lū̆xōs	lū̆xās	lū̆xa
ablative	lū̆xō	lū̆xā	lū̆xō		lū̆xīs
vocative	lū̆xe	lū̆xa	lū̆xum		lū̆xī	lū̆xae	lū̆xa

Derived terms

• lū̆xō

Etymology 2

Abstract u-stem noun (see -tus) formed on the same stem as the adjective luxus, from Proto-Italic *luksos, from Proto-Indo-European *lewg- (“bend, twist”).

Noun

lū̆xus m (genitive lū̆xūs); fourth declension

1. a dislocation
2. extravagance, luxury, excess, debauchery
3. pomp, splendor

Declension

Fourth-declension noun.

	singular	plural
nominative	lū̆xus	lū̆xūs
genitive	lū̆xūs	lū̆xuum
dative	lū̆xuī	lū̆xibus
accusative	lū̆xum	lū̆xūs
ablative	lū̆xū	lū̆xibus
vocative	lū̆xus	lū̆xūs

Derived terms

• lū̆xor
• lū̆xuria/ lū̆xuriēs

Descendants

• Insular Romance:
  • Sardinian: luscu
• Italo-Romance:
  • Italian: lusso
  • Sicilian: lussu
• Gallo-Italic:
  • Piedmontese: luss, lusso (or from Italian)
• Ibero-Romance:
  • Old Galician-Portuguese: luxo
    • Galician: luxo
    • Portuguese: luxo
  • Old Spanish: luxo
    • Spanish: lujo
      • → Tagalog: luho

Borrowings:

• → Alemannic German: Luxus
• → Catalan: luxe
• → Czech: luxus
• → Danish: luksus
• → Finnish: luksus
• → French: luxe
  • → Dutch: luxe
  • → English: luxe
  • → Persian: لوکس (luks)
  • → Romanian: lux
  • → Swedish: lyx
  • → Turkish: lüks
• → German: Luxus
• → Hungarian: luxus
• → Icelandic: lúxus
• → Luxembourgish: Luxus
• → Macedonian: луксуз (luksuz)
• → Norwegian: luksus
• → Polish: luksus
• → Russian: люкс (ljuks)
• → Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic script: луксуз, луксус

  Latin script: luksuz, luksus

Further reading

• “luxus” in volume 7, part 1, column 1934, line 21 in the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae (TLL Open Access), Berlin (formerly Leipzig): De Gruyter (formerly Teubner), 1900–present
• “luxus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “luxus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "luxus", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to pass one's life in luxury and idleness: per luxum et ignaviam aetatem agere