merdeka
Indonesian
Etymology
From Sanskrit महर्द्धिक (maharddhika, “prosperous”) (compare Malay merdeka, Buginese ᨆᨑᨙᨉᨀ, Tagalog maharlika).
Adjective
merdeka
Synonyms
Malay
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Classical Malay مرديكا (mĕrdeka), from Old Malay [script needed] (maharddhika) (attested in the Kota Kapur inscription), borrowed from Sanskrit महर्द्धिक (maharddhika, “prosperous”) (compare Buginese ᨆᨑᨙᨉᨀ, Tagalog maharlika).
Pronunciation
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- Rhymes: -ekə, -kə, -ə
Adjective
merdeka (Jawi spelling مرديک)
- free; the state of being liberated
- 2005, A. Samad Said, A. Samad Said: Sebuah antologi puisi yang menghimpunkan karya-karya selama setengah abad [A. Samad Said: An anthology of poems assembled from works spanning half a century], Utusan Publications, Langsir Merdeka (Poem No. 119), page 394:
- Setiap fajar begitu dihayati ufuk merdeka; kebahagiaan yang wajib kita membinanya.
- Every hue of dawn is much appreciated by the horizon of freedom; happiness that is compulsory for all of us to build.
- (of a polity) independent (not ruled by others)
- 1957 August 31, Tunku Abdul Rahman, Pemasyhuran Kemerdekaan Tanah Melayu [Malayan Declaration of Independence]:
- بهاواسڽ كران تله تيباله ماسڽ باڬي اومت ڤرسكوتوان تانه ملايو اين منچاڤأي تارف سواتو بڠسا يڠ مرديك لاڬي بردولت سام ستيمڤل كدودوكنڽ دڠن سڬالا بڠسا سلوروه دنيا
- (Bahawasanya kerana telah tibalah masanya bagi umat Persekutuan Tanah Melayu ini mencapai taraf suatu bangsa yang merdeka lagi berdaulat sama setimpal kedudukannya dengan segala bangsa seluruh dunia.)
- Whereas the time has now arrived when the people of the Persekutuan Tanah Melayu will assume the status of a free independent and sovereign nation among nations of the World.
- 2018 February 16, Normazlina M.D, “Simbol negara merdeka [Symbol of an independent nation]”, in Media Permata[1], archived from the original on 18 August 2019:
- Bendera negara bukan hanya sekadar sehelai kain yang mempunyai warna atau motif tertentu bahkan ia adalah simbol identiti sesebuah negara yang merdeka lagi berdaulat.
- The national flag is not just a piece of cloth that has a certain color or motif. In fact, it is a symbol of the identity of a nation that is independent and sovereign.
Derived terms
Affixed terms and other derivations
Regular affixed derivations:
- kemerdekaan (“the state of independence; freedom”) [resemblance / passive] (ke-an)
- pemerdeka (“liberator”) [passive / name of profession] (pe-)
- pemerdekaan [passive / name of profession + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (pe- + -an)
- memerdekakan (“to grant independence”) [agent focus + causative benefactive] (meN- + -kan)
Irregular affixed derivations, other derivations and compound words:
- akhbar merdeka (“news that is not affiliated with any political party”)
- hari Merdeka (“Independence Day”)
- merdeka ayam (“free to do anything as desired; absolute freedom”)
Descendants
- Indonesian: merdeka
Further reading
- “merdeka” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
- "merdeka" in Kamus Dewan, Fourth Edition, Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, →ISBN, 2005.