niski
Lower Sorbian
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Slavic *nizъkъ.
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]niski (comparative nišy, superlative nejnišy, adverb nisko)
Declension
[edit]Masculine singular | Feminine singular | Neuter singular | Dual | Plural | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | niski | niska | niske | niskej | niske |
Genitive | niskego | niskeje | niskego | niskeju | niskich |
Dative | niskemu | niskej | niskemu | niskima | niskim |
Accusative | niski niskego (animate) |
nisku | niske | niskej niskeju (animate) |
niske niskich (optional animate form) |
Instrumental | niskim | niskeju | niskim | niskima | niskimi |
Locative | niskem | niskej | niskem | niskima | niskich |
Further reading
[edit]- Starosta, Manfred (1999) “niski”, in Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag
Masurian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Old Polish niski.
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]niski (derived adverb nisko)
- low, short (situated close to, or even below, the ground; not high or lofty)
- short (of comparatively small height)
- low (situated at the bottom)
- low (holding a not high position in a hierarchy)
Further reading
[edit]- Zofia Stamirowska (1987-2024) “niski”, in Anna Basara, editor, Słownik gwar Ostródzkiego, Warmii i Mazur, volume 4, Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich Wydawnictwo Polskiej Akademii Nauk, →ISBN, pages 337-338
Northern Sami
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]niski
Inflection
[edit]Even i-stem, sk-skk gradation | ||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | niski | |||||||||||||||||||||
Genitive | niskki niskkẹ | |||||||||||||||||||||
Singular | Plural | |||||||||||||||||||||
Nominative | niski | niskkit | ||||||||||||||||||||
Accusative | niskki | niskkiid | ||||||||||||||||||||
Genitive | niskki niskkẹ |
niskkiid | ||||||||||||||||||||
Illative | niskái | niskkiide | ||||||||||||||||||||
Locative | niskkis | niskkiin | ||||||||||||||||||||
Comitative | niskkiin | niskkiiguin | ||||||||||||||||||||
Essive | niskin | |||||||||||||||||||||
|
Further reading
[edit]- Koponen, Eino, Ruppel, Klaas, Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008), Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages[1], Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland
Old Polish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Slavic *nizъkъ. First attested in the 14th century.
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]niski (comparative niższy, superlative naniższy, derived adverb nisko)
- (attested in Lesser Poland) low, short (situated close to, or even below, the ground or another normal reference plane; not high or lofty)
- 1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter][2], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 85, 12:
- Witargl ies duszø moiø z pyecla niszszego (ex inferno inferiori)
- [Wytargł jeś duszę moję z piekła niższego (ex inferno inferiori)]
- (attested in Lesser Poland) short (of comparatively small height)
- Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa[3], page 20:
- Tesch byla any barzo vyschoka, any barzo nyska (decens sui corporis fuerat statura nec longa nimis, nec brevis)
- [Też była ani barzo wysoka ani barzo niska (decens sui corporis fuerat statura nec longa nimis, nec brevis)]
- Beginning of the 15th century, Łukasz z Wielkiego Koźmina, Kazania gnieźnieńskie[4], Krakow, page 3a:
- Then to krol, genszecz gest bil barszo viszoky, tenczy szø gest on dzysza vczinil barso niszky
- [Ten to krol, jenżeć jest był barzo wysoki, tenci się jest on dzisia uczynił barzo niski]
- (attested in Masovia) low (occupying not a high position in a hierarchy; not important; not high in status, esteem or rank, dignity, or quality)
- 1895 [1448–1450], Mikołaj Suled, edited by Franciszek Piekosiński, Tłumaczenia polskie statutów ziemskich, Kodeks Świętosławów, Warka, page 57:
- Thakesz czvgemy o dzewkach szlachczyczow nyszszych vogevodi (de filiabus nobilium inferiorum)
- [A takież czujemy o dziewkach ślachcicow niższych wojewody (de filiabus nobilium inferiorum)]
- 1930 [c. 1455], “III Reg”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka)[5], 14, 10:
- Zagubyø... mdlego a zarzuczonego y nanyszszego w israhelskem lyvdu (clausum et novissimum in Israel)
- [Zagubię... mdłego a zarzuconego i naniższego w israhelskiem ludu (clausum et novissimum in Israel)]
- inclined towards something; susceptible
- 1901 [1471], Materiały i Prace Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności w Krakowie, volume V, page 70:
- Procliuior pochilony, nissy (qui ad indignandum facilis est, erit ad peccandum proclivior Prov 29, 22)
- [Procliuior pochylony, niższy (qui ad indignandum facilis est, erit ad peccandum proclivior Prov 29, 22)]
- (in the comparative, of text, attested in Lesser Poland, Sieradz-Łęczyca) below; following
- 1887 [Fifteenth century], Wacław Ubogi z Brodni, edited by Lucjan Malinowski, Modlitwy Wacława. Zabytek języka polskiego z wieku XV odkryty i skopjowany przez Aleksandra Przezdzieckiego wydał i objaśnił Lucyjan Malinowski[6], Krakow, Brodnia, page 44b:
- Kto chcze... vczczicz bozą matką, przesz ti dny moze nyssze modlitwi mowicz
- [Kto chce... ućcić Bożą Matkę, przez ty dni może nisze modlitwy mowić]
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “niski”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN
- Mańczak, Witold (2017) “niski”, in Polski słownik etymologiczny (in Polish), Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętności, →ISBN
- Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “niski”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
- B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “niski”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
Polish
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Inherited from Old Polish niski.
Pronunciation
[edit]- IPA(key): /ˈɲis.ki/
- (Middle Polish) IPA(key): /ˈɲis.ki/
Audio: (file) - Rhymes: -iski
- Syllabification: nis‧ki
Adjective
[edit]niski (comparative niższy, superlative najniższy, derived adverb nisko)
- low, short (situated close to, or even below, the ground; not high or lofty)
- Antonym: wysoki
- short (of comparatively small height)
- Antonym: wysoki
- low (situated close to some reference plane)
- Antonym: wysoki
- low (small, not high in amount or quantity, value, force, energy, etc.)
- Antonym: wysoki
- low (considered worse than other similar things)
- Antonym: wysoki
- low (of little value or morally bad)
- Antonym: wysoki
- low (holding a not high position in a hierarchy)
- Antonym: wysoki
- low (grave in pitch, due to being produced by relatively slow vibrations)
- low (not complicated)
- (obsolete) low (humble)
- (Middle Polish, usually in the comparative) below; following
- Synonym: następujący
Declension
[edit]singular | plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine animate | masculine inanimate | feminine | neuter | virile (= masculine personal) | non-virile | |
nominative | niski | niska | niskie | niscy | niskie | |
genitive | niskiego | niskiej | niskiego | niskich | ||
dative | niskiemu | niskiej | niskiemu | niskim | ||
accusative | niskiego | niski | niską | niskie | niskich | niskie |
instrumental | niskim | niską | niskim | niskimi | ||
locative | niskim | niskiej | niskim | niskich |
Alternative forms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Trivia
[edit]According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), niski is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 32 times in scientific texts, 12 times in news, 26 times in essays, 14 times in fiction, and 4 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 88 times, making it the 724th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]
Etymology 2
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]niski (not comparable, no derived adverb)
- (relational, archaic) Nisko (of or relating to the region Nisko, especially the county)
- Synonym: (more common) niżański
Declension
[edit]singular | plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine animate | masculine inanimate | feminine | neuter | virile (= masculine personal) | non-virile | |
nominative | niski | niska | niskie | niscy | niskie | |
genitive | niskiego | niskiej | niskiego | niskich | ||
dative | niskiemu | niskiej | niskiemu | niskim | ||
accusative | niskiego | niski | niską | niskie | niskich | niskie |
instrumental | niskim | niską | niskim | niskimi | ||
locative | niskim | niskiej | niskim | niskich |
References
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- niski in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- niższy in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- niski in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “niski”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
- “NISKI”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 09.03.2011
- Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “niski”, in Słownik języka polskiego
- Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “nizki”, in Słownik języka polskiego
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “niski”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “nizki”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
- J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1904), “niski”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 3, Warsaw, page 396
- niski in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego
Silesian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Old Polish niski.
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]niski (comparative niższy, superlative nojniższy, derived adverb nisko)
- low, short (situated close to, or even below, the ground or another normal reference plane; not high or lofty)
- short (of comparatively small height)
Declension
[edit]singular | plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | neuter | feminine | virile | nonvirile | ||
nominative | niski | niskie | niskŏ | niscy | niskie | |
genitive | niskigo | niskij | niskich | |||
dative | niskimu | niskij | niskim | |||
accusative | animate | niskigo | niskie | niskõ | niskich | niskie |
inanimate | niski | |||||
instrumental | niskim | niskōm | niskimi | |||
locative | niskim | niskij | niskich | |||
vocative | niski | niskie | niskŏ | niscy | niskie |
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- niski in dykcjonorz.eu
- niski in silling.org
- Aleksandra Wencel (2023) “niski”, in Dykcjůnôrz ślų̊sko-polski, page 461
Upper Sorbian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Slavic *nizъkъ.
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]niski (comparative niši, superlative najniši, absolute superlative nanajniši, excessive přeniski, adverb nisko)
- low (low in height)
- Antonym: wysoki
- low (that extends or drags along the ground or that rises just above the ground)
- Trawa na dworje je niska.
- The grass in the yard is low.
Declension
[edit]singular | dual | plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | neuter | feminine | virile | nonvirile | virile | nonvirile | ||
personal/animal | inanimate | |||||||
nominative, vocative | niski | niske | niska | niskaj niskej |
niskej | niscy | niske | |
genitive | niskeho niskoh¹ |
niskeje | niskeju | niskich | ||||
dative | niskemu niskom¹ |
niskej | niskimaj | niskim | ||||
accusative | niskeho niskoh¹ |
niski | niske | nisku | niskeju | niskej | niskich | niske |
instrumental | niskim | niskej | niskimaj | niskimi | ||||
locative | niskich |
References
[edit]- “niski” in Soblex
- Lower Sorbian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Lower Sorbian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Lower Sorbian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Lower Sorbian lemmas
- Lower Sorbian adjectives
- Masurian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Masurian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Masurian terms inherited from Old Polish
- Masurian terms derived from Old Polish
- Masurian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Masurian/iski
- Rhymes:Masurian/iski/2 syllables
- Masurian lemmas
- Masurian adjectives
- zlw-mas:Size
- Northern Sami terms borrowed from Finnish
- Northern Sami terms derived from Finnish
- Northern Sami terms with IPA pronunciation
- Northern Sami 2-syllable words
- Northern Sami lemmas
- Northern Sami nouns
- Northern Sami even nouns
- Northern Sami even i-stem nouns
- R:Álgu lacking id
- Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Polish lemmas
- Old Polish adjectives
- Lesser Poland Old Polish
- Old Polish terms with quotations
- Masovia Old Polish
- Sieradz-Łęczyca Old Polish
- zlw-opl:Size
- Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Polish terms inherited from Old Polish
- Polish terms derived from Old Polish
- Polish 2-syllable words
- Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Polish terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Polish/iski
- Rhymes:Polish/iski/2 syllables
- Polish lemmas
- Polish adjectives
- Polish terms with obsolete senses
- Middle Polish
- Polish velar adjectives
- Polish terms suffixed with -i
- Polish uncomparable adjectives
- Polish relational adjectives
- Polish terms with archaic senses
- pl:Size
- Silesian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Silesian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Silesian terms inherited from Old Polish
- Silesian terms derived from Old Polish
- Silesian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Silesian/iski
- Rhymes:Silesian/iski/2 syllables
- Silesian lemmas
- Silesian adjectives
- szl:Size
- Upper Sorbian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Upper Sorbian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Upper Sorbian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Upper Sorbian/iski
- Rhymes:Upper Sorbian/iski/2 syllables
- Upper Sorbian lemmas
- Upper Sorbian adjectives
- Upper Sorbian terms with usage examples
- hsb:Size