purgo

See also: purgó and purgò

Italian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈpur.ɡo/
Rhymes: -urɡo
Hyphenation: pùr‧go

Verb

purgo

first-person singular present indicative of purgare

Latin

Etymology

Disputed. According to De Vaan, the term probably derives from Proto-Italic *pūr (“fire”) + agō (“to do”). The term would have originally meant "to lead the fire about," whence "to purify."^[1] Schrijver alternatively suggests that the term derives from earlier *pūrigō, *pūrigāre, itself from pūrus (“pure”) +‎ -igō.^[2] De Vaan, however, argues that a compound *pūro-agō- should produce a form with a medial long-vowel.^[1]

Pronunciation

(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈpuːr.ɡoː]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈpur.ɡo]

Verb

pūrgō (present infinitive pūrgāre, perfect active pūrgāvī, supine pūrgātum); first conjugation

to clean, cleanse, clear, purge, purify
Synonyms: abstergeō, tergeo, luō, putō, effingō

Antonyms: inquinō, polluō, maculō, scelerō, contingō
- 63 BCE, Cicero, Catiline Orations Oratio in Catilinam Prima in Senatu Habita.10:
  Ēdūc tēcum etiam omnēs tuōs: sī minus, quam plūrimōs — pūrgā urbem!
  Lead out with you as well all of your [followers]: if not all [of them, then] as many [as possible] — cleanse the city!

Conjugation

Conjugation of pūrgō (first conjugation)

indicative		singular				plural
indicative		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	pūrgō	pūrgās		pūrgat	pūrgāmus	pūrgātis		pūrgant
	imperfect	pūrgābam	pūrgābās		pūrgābat	pūrgābāmus	pūrgābātis		pūrgābant
	future	pūrgābō	pūrgābis		pūrgābit	pūrgābimus	pūrgābitis		pūrgābunt
	perfect	pūrgāvī	pūrgāvistī		pūrgāvit	pūrgāvimus	pūrgāvistis		pūrgāvērunt, pūrgāvēre
	pluperfect	pūrgāveram	pūrgāverās		pūrgāverat	pūrgāverāmus	pūrgāverātis		pūrgāverant
	future perfect	pūrgāverō	pūrgāveris		pūrgāverit	pūrgāverimus	pūrgāveritis		pūrgāverint
passive	present	pūrgor	pūrgāris, pūrgāre		pūrgātur	pūrgāmur	pūrgāminī		pūrgantur
	imperfect	pūrgābar	pūrgābāris, pūrgābāre		pūrgābātur	pūrgābāmur	pūrgābāminī		pūrgābantur
	future	pūrgābor	pūrgāberis, pūrgābere		pūrgābitur	pūrgābimur	pūrgābiminī		pūrgābuntur
	perfect	pūrgātus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	pūrgātus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	pūrgātus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular				plural
subjunctive		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	pūrgem	pūrgēs		pūrget	pūrgēmus	pūrgētis		pūrgent
	imperfect	pūrgārem	pūrgārēs		pūrgāret	pūrgārēmus	pūrgārētis		pūrgārent
	perfect	pūrgāverim	pūrgāverīs		pūrgāverit	pūrgāverīmus	pūrgāverītis		pūrgāverint
	pluperfect	pūrgāvissem	pūrgāvissēs		pūrgāvisset	pūrgāvissēmus	pūrgāvissētis		pūrgāvissent
passive	present	pūrger	pūrgēris, pūrgēre		pūrgētur	pūrgēmur	pūrgēminī		pūrgentur
	imperfect	pūrgārer	pūrgārēris, pūrgārēre		pūrgārētur	pūrgārēmur	pūrgārēminī		pūrgārentur
	perfect	pūrgātus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	pūrgātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular				plural
imperative		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	—	pūrgā		—	—	pūrgāte		—
active	future	—	pūrgātō		pūrgātō	—	pūrgātōte		pūrgantō
passive	present	—	pūrgāre		—	—	pūrgāminī		—
passive	future	—	pūrgātor		pūrgātor	—	—		pūrgantor
non-finite forms		infinitive				participle
non-finite forms		active		passive		active		passive
present		pūrgāre		pūrgārī		pūrgāns		—
future		pūrgātūrum esse		pūrgātum īrī		pūrgātūrus		pūrgandus
perfect		pūrgāvisse		pūrgātum esse		—		pūrgātus
future perfect		—		pūrgātum fore		—		—
perfect potential		pūrgātūrum fuisse		—		—		—
verbal nouns		gerund					supine
		genitive	dative		accusative	ablative	accusative		ablative
		pūrgandī	pūrgandō		pūrgandum	pūrgandō	pūrgātum		pūrgātū

Derived terms

Descendants

Old French: purgier
- Middle French: purgier, purger
  - French: purger
- → Dutch: purgeren
- → Middle English: purgen, poorgyn, porge, porgyn, pourge, purge, purgyn
  - English: purge
  - Scots: purge
- → Middle Low German: pūrgēren, pūrgērn, pūrgīren, pūrigēren
- → Middle High German: purgieren
  - German: purgieren
- → Old Frisian: purgēria
Friulian: purgâ
Italian: purgare
Old Occitan: porgar
- Catalan: porgar
- Occitan: porgar
Piedmontese: purghé
Old Spanish: porgar
- Ladino: porgar
- Spanish: purgar
→ Asturian: pulgar
→ Galician: purgar
→ Old Occitan: purgar
- Catalan: purgar
- Occitan: purgar
→ Portuguese: purgar
→ Romanian: purga
→ Old Spanish: purgar
- Spanish: purgar

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “pūr(i)gō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 500
^ Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1991), The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Latin (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 2), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 247

“purgo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“purgo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
“purgo”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

Portuguese

Pronunciation

Hyphenation: pur‧go

Verb

purgo

first-person singular present indicative of purgar

Spanish

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈpuɾɡo/ [ˈpuɾ.ɣ̞o]
Rhymes: -uɾɡo
Syllabification: pur‧go

Verb

purgo

first-person singular present indicative of purgar

[EDL-1] 1.0 ^1.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “pūr(i)gō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 500

[2] Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1991), The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Latin (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 2), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 247

[1]

[2]