sanguis

Latin

Alternative forms

• sanguen

Etymology

Originally sanguīs, from older sanguen, from *san- (compare saniēs (“ichor; ulcer”)), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁sh₂-én-, oblique stem of *h₁ésh₂r̥ (“blood”); compare Old Latin assyr, aser, Hittite 𒂊𒌍𒄯 (ēšḫar), Sanskrit असृज् (ásṛj), Ancient Greek ἔαρ (éar), Old Armenian արիւն (ariwn). The original paradigm must have been nominative assyr, oblique san-, which then split into doublets. The element -guen is probably from unguen, inguen.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈsan.ɡʷis/, [ˈs̠äŋɡʷɪs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈsan.ɡwis/, [ˈsäŋɡwis]

• Audio (Classical):

  (file)

Noun

sanguis m (genitive sanguinis); third declension

1. blood
   • Tertullianus, Apologeticus

     Sēmen est sanguis Chrīstiānōrum.

     The blood of Christians is seed.

Declension

Third-declension noun.

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	sanguis	sanguinēs
Genitive	sanguinis	sanguinum
Dative	sanguinī	sanguinibus
Accusative	sanguinem	sanguinēs
Ablative	sanguine	sanguinibus
Vocative	sanguis	sanguinēs

Derived terms

• exsanguis/exanguis
• sanguinārius
• sanguineus

• sanguinō
• sanguinolentus
• sanguinōsus

Descendants

• Aragonese: sangre
• Aromanian: sãndzi
• Asturian: sangre
• Calabrian: sangu
• Catalan: sang
• Corsican: sangui, sangue
• Dalmatian: suang
• Esperanto: sango
• Friulian: sanc, sang
• Ido: sango
• Interlingua: sanguine
• Istro-Romanian: sănze
• Italian: sangue
• Lombard: sangu
• Megleno-Romanian: sǫnzi
• Neapolitan: sanghe
• Occitan: sang
• Old French: sanc
  • Middle French: sang
    • French: sang
      • Antillean Creole: san
      • Haitian Creole: san
• Old Galician-Portuguese: sangue, sangre
  • Galician: sangue
  • Portuguese: sangue
    • Papiamentu: sanger, sangro
• Old Spanish: sangre
  • Ladino: sangre (Latin spelling)
  • Spanish: sangre
• Piedmontese: sangh/sang
• Romanian: sânge
• Romansch: sang
• Sardinian: sàmbani, sàmbeni, sàmbini, sànghini, sànguni
• Sicilian: sangu, sancu
• Spanish: sangre
• Venetian: sangue
• Walloon: sonk

References

• “sanguis”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “sanguis”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• sanguis in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• sanguis in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to drip blood; to be deluged with blood: sanguine manare, redundare
    
  • to shed one's blood for one's fatherland: sanguinem suum pro patria effundere or profundere
    
  • the victory cost much blood and many wounds, was very dearly bought: victoria multo sanguine ac vulneribus stetit (Liv. 23. 30)