sanguis

Latin

Alternative forms

• sanguen

Etymology

Originally sanguīs, from older sanguen, from *san- (compare saniēs (“ichor; ulcer”)), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁sh₂-én-, oblique stem of *h₁ésh₂r̥ (“blood”); compare Old Latin assyr, aser, Hittite 𒂊𒌍𒄯 (ēšḫar), Sanskrit असृज् (ásṛj), Ancient Greek ἔαρ (éar), Old Armenian արիւն (ariwn). The original paradigm must have been nominative assyr, oblique san-, which then split into doublets. The element -guen is probably from unguen, inguen.

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈsan.ɡʷis/, [ˈsaŋ.ɡᶣɪs]

• Audio (Classical)

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Noun

sanguis m (genitive sanguinis); third declension

1. blood
   • Tertullianus, Apologeticus

     Semen est sanguis Christianorum.

     The blood of Christians is seed.

Inflection

Third declension.

Case	Singular	Plural
nominative	sanguis	sanguinēs
genitive	sanguinis	sanguinum
dative	sanguinī	sanguinibus
accusative	sanguinem	sanguinēs
ablative	sanguine	sanguinibus
vocative	sanguis	sanguinēs

Derived terms

• exsanguis/exanguis
• sanguinārius
• sanguineus

• sanguinō
• sanguinolentus
• sanguinōsus

Descendants

• Antillean Creole: san
• Aragonese: sangre
• Aromanian: sãndzi
• Asturian: sangre
• Calabrian: sangu
• Catalan: sang
• Corsican: sangui, sangue
• Dalmatian: suang
• Esperanto: sango
• French: sang
• Friulian: sanc, sang
• Galician: sangue

• Haitian Creole: san
• Ido: sango
• Interlingua: sanguine
• Istro-Romanian: sănze
• Italian: sangue
• Lombard: sangu
• Megleno-Romanian: sǫnzi
• Middle French: sang
• Neapolitan: sanghe
• Occitan: sang
• Old French: sanc
• Old Portuguese: sangue, sangre

• Papiamentu: sanger, sangro
• Portuguese: sangue
• Romanian: sânge
• Romansch: sang
• Sardinian: sàmbani, sàmbeni, sàmbini, sànghini, sànguni
• Sicilian: sangu, sancu
• Spanish: sangre
• Venetian: sangue
• Walloon: sonk

References

• sanguis in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• sanguis in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• du Cange, Charles (1883), “sanguis”, in G. A. Louis Henschel, Pierre Carpentier, Léopold Favre, editors, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (in Latin), Niort: L. Favre
• “sanguis” in Félix Gaffiot’s Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français, Hachette (1934)
• Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to drip blood; to be deluged with blood: sanguine manare, redundare
    
  • to shed one's blood for one's fatherland: sanguinem suum pro patria effundere or profundere
    
  • the victory cost much blood and many wounds, was very dearly bought: victoria multo sanguine ac vulneribus stetit (Liv. 23. 30)