sneeze

English

Etymology

From Middle English snesen (“to sneeze”), alteration of earlier fnesen (“to sneeze”), from Old English fnēosan (“to snort, sneeze”), from Proto-Germanic *fneusaną (“to sneeze, snort”), from Proto-Indo-European *pnew- (“to breathe, pant, snort, sneeze”). Cognate with dialectal Dutch fniezen (“to sneeze”), Old Norse fnýsa (“to snort”); Middle English neosen (“to sneeze”), from Old Norse hnjósa (“to sneeze”), Old High German niosan (“to sneeze”).

The infrequency of the fn combination, coupled with the visual similarity of an f and ſ (long s), assisted in ultimately turning fneeze into ſneeze (sneeze) (compare snore, from (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Middle English fnore).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sniːz/
• IPA^(key): /sniz/

• Audio (US):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -iːz

Verb

1. (intransitive) To expel air as a reflex induced by an irritation in the nose.
2. (intransitive) To expel air as if the nose were irritated.

Synonyms

• (to expel air as a reflex): (medicine) sternutate

Derived terms

• nothing to sneeze at

Translations

expel air as a reflex

• Ainu: エㇱナ (esna)
• Albanian: teshtij (sq)
• Arabic: عَطَسَ (ʕaṭasa)

  Moroccan Arabic: عْطس (ʿṭəs)

• Armenian: փռշտալ (hy) (pʻṙštal)
• Aromanian: stãrnut
• Assamese: হাঁচিওৱা (hãsiüa), হঁচা (hõsa) (Eastern) / হাঁচা (hãsa) (Central), হাঁচি মৰা (hãsi mora) (Eastern) / হাঁচি মাৰা (hãsi mara) (Central)
• Asturian: espirriar, estornudar
• Azerbaijani: asqırmaq (az)
• Basque: zintz egin
• Belarusian: чхаць impf (čxacʹ), чхнуць pf (čxnucʹ), чыха́ць impf (čyxácʹ), чыхну́ць pf (čyxnúcʹ)
• Bengali: হাঁচি দেত্তয়া (hãci dettoẏa)
• Bulgarian: ки́хам impf (kíham), ки́хна pf (kíhna)
• Burmese: ချေ (my) (hkye)
• Catalan: esternudar (ca)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 打噴嚏／打喷嚏 (zh) (dǎ pēntì), 打喷嚏 (zh) (dǎ pēntì)

• Coptic: ⲁⲛⲧⲁϣ (antaš) (Sahidic), ⲁⲛⲑⲁϣ (anthaš) (Bohairic)
• Czech: kýchat (cs) impf, kýchnout pf
• Danish: nyse
• Dutch: niezen (nl)
• Esperanto: terni (eo)
• Estonian: aevastama (et)
• Faroese: njósa
• Finnish: aivastaa (fi)
• French: éternuer (fr)
• Friulian: starnudâ
• Galician: esbirrar (gl), esbechar, esbichar, espirrar (gl), espurrar (gl)
• Georgian: დაცემინება (dacemineba)
• German: niesen (de)

  Alemannic German: ernüüsse

• Greek: φταρνίζομαι (el) (ftarnízomai), φτερνίζομαι (el) (fternízomai), πταρνίζομαι (ptarnízomai)

  Ancient: πτάρνυμαι (ptárnumai)

• Hebrew: לְהִתְעַטֵשׁ (lehit'atésh)
• Hindi: छींकना (chī̃knā)
• Hungarian: tüsszent (hu)
• Hunsrik: niese
• Icelandic: hnerra (is)
• Ido: sternutar (io)
• Indonesian: bersin (id)
• Irish: lig sraoth
• Italian: starnutire (it)
• Japanese: くしゃみをする (ja) (kushami o suru), しゃみをする (shami o suru)
• Kaingang: asĩg
• Kazakh: түшкіру (tüşkıru)
• Khmer: កណ្ដាស់ (km) (kɑndah)
• Korean: 재채기하다 (ko) (jaechaegihada)
• Kyrgyz: чүчкүрүү (cückürüü)
• Lao: ຈາມ (chām)
• Latgalian: škauduot
• Latin: sternuō, sternūtō
• Latvian: šķaudīt
• Lithuanian: čiaudėti
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Macedonian: кива impf (kiva), кивнува pf (kivnuva)
• Malay: bersin
• Malayalam: ഓമ്പുക (ōmpuka‌)
• Maltese: tgħatas
• Manchu: ᠶᠠᠴᡳᡥᡳᠶᠠᠮᠪᡳ (yacihiyambi)
• Mongolian: найтаах (mn) (najtaax)
• Norman: êtèrnuer (Jersey)
• Northern Sami: gastit
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: nyse (no)

• Novial: please add this translation if you can
• Occitan: esternudar (oc)
• Persian: عطسه کردن (fa) (atse kardan)
• Polish: kichać (pl) impf, kichnąć (pl) pf
• Portuguese: espirrar (pt)
• Quechua: achhiy
• Romanian: strănuta (ro)
• Romansch: starnidar, sturnidar, stirnidar, starnüder, starnüdar
• Russian: чиха́ть (ru) impf (čixátʹ), чихну́ть (ru) pf (čixnútʹ)
• Sardinian: isturridai, isturridare, isturritare, isturrudai, isturrudare, sturridai
• Scottish Gaelic: sreothart
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: кихати impf, кихнути pf

  Roman: kihati (sh) impf, kihnuti (sh) pf

• Shor: аспырарға (aspırarğa)
• Sicilian: stranutari
• Slovak: kýchať impf, kýchnuť pf
• Slovene: kihati (sl) impf, kihniti pf
• Sorbian:

  Lower Sorbian: tśichaś impf, kichaś impf

• Southern Sami: gesnedh
• Spanish: estornudar (es)
• Swedish: nysa (sv)
• Tagalog: bumahin
• Tajik: атса задан (atsa zadan), атса кардан (atsa kardan)
• Tatar: төчкерү (töçkerü)
• Telugu: తుమ్ము (te) (tummu)
• Thai: จาม (th) (jaam)
• Turkish: hapşırmak (tr), aksırmak (tr)
• Turkmen: asgyrmak (tk)
• Ukrainian: чха́ти impf (čxáty), чхну́ти pf (čxnúty), чиха́ти impf (čyxáty), чихну́ти pf (čyxnúty)
• Urdu: چهینکنا (chīṅknā)
• Uyghur: چۈشكۈرمەك (chüshkürmek)
• Uzbek: aksirmoq (uz), chuchkirmoq (uz)
• Venetian: starnudar
• Vietnamese: nhảy mui, hắt hơi (vi)
• Vilamovian: nisa
• Volapük: snidön (vo)
• Walloon: stierni (wa), sprognî (wa), stiernouwer (wa)
• Welsh: tisian (cy)
• Yiddish: ניסן (nisn)
• ǃXóõ: gǂxáʻã

Noun

sneeze (plural sneezes)

1. An act of sneezing.

Synonyms

• (medicine) sternutation
• (medicine) ptarmus

Translations

act of sneezing

• Ainu: エㇲナ ('esna)
• Arabic: عُطَاس m (ʕuṭās), عَطْسَة f (ʕaṭsa)

  Egyptian Arabic: عطس m (ʿaṭs)

  Moroccan Arabic: عطس m (ʿṭass)

• Armenian: փռշտոց (hy) (pʻṙštocʻ)
• Assamese: হাঁচি (hãsi)
• Asturian: espirríu m, estorníu m
• Belarusian: чыха́нне n (čyxánnje)
• Bulgarian: ки́хане n (kíhane)
• Catalan: esternut (ca) m
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 噴嚏／喷嚏 (zh) (pēntì), 喷嚏 (zh) (pēntì)

• Coptic: ⲁⲛⲧⲁϣ (antaš) (Sahidic), ⲁⲛⲑⲁϣ (anthaš) (Bohairic)
• Czech: kýchnutí n
• Danish: nys (da) n
• Dutch: niesen (nl), niezen (nl)
• Esperanto: terno
• Estonian: please add this translation if you can
• Finnish: aivastus (fi)
• French: éternuement (fr) m, atchoum (fr)
• Friulian: starnudade
• Galician: esbirro m, espirro m
• Georgian: დაცემინება (dacemineba)
• German: Niesen (de) n
• Greek: φτάρνισμα (el) n (ftárnisma), φτερνίσμα n (fternísma), πτέρνισμα (el) n (ptérnisma)

  Ancient: πταρμός m (ptarmós)

• Hindi: छींक f (chī̃k)
• Hungarian: tüsszentés (hu)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Ido: sternuto (io)
• Irish: sraoth m
• Italian: starnuto (it) m
• Japanese: くしゃみ (ja) (kushami)
• Khmer: កណ្ដាស់ (km) (kan das)
• Korean: 재채기 (ko) (jaechaegi)
• Lao: please add this translation if you can
• Latin: sternūmentum n
• Latvian: please add this translation if you can
• Lithuanian: please add this translation if you can
• Malay: please add this translation if you can
• Mongolian: please add this translation if you can
• Navajo: hatsʼíhyaa
• Occitan: esternut (oc) m
• Persian: عطسه (fa) (atse), شنوشه (šenuše), اشنوسه (fa) (ešnuse)
• Polish: kichnięcie (pl) n
• Portuguese: espirro (pt) m
• Romanian: strănut (ro)
• Russian: чиха́ние (ru) n (čixánije)
• Serbo-Croatian: kihanje n
• Sicilian: stranutu m
• Slovak: kýchanie n
• Spanish: estornudo (es) m
• Swedish: nysning c
• Telugu: తుమ్ము (te) (tummu)
• Turkish: hapşırık (tr)
• Ukrainian: чиха́ння n (čyxánnja)
• Venetian: starnudo, starnudada
• Volapük: snid (vo)
• Welsh: trew m
• Yiddish: נאָס m (nos), ניס m (nis)

See also

• achoo
• bless you

Anagrams

• neezes