temperamentum

Hungarian

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin temperamentum.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈtɛmpɛrɒmɛntum]
• Hyphenation: tem‧pe‧ra‧men‧tum
• Rhymes: -um

Noun

temperamentum (plural temperamentumok)

1. temperament

Declension

Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony)

	singular	plural
nominative	temperamentum	temperamentumok
accusative	temperamentumot	temperamentumokat
dative	temperamentumnak	temperamentumoknak
instrumental	temperamentummal	temperamentumokkal
causal-final	temperamentumért	temperamentumokért
translative	temperamentummá	temperamentumokká
terminative	temperamentumig	temperamentumokig
essive-formal	temperamentumként	temperamentumokként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	temperamentumban	temperamentumokban
superessive	temperamentumon	temperamentumokon
adessive	temperamentumnál	temperamentumoknál
illative	temperamentumba	temperamentumokba
sublative	temperamentumra	temperamentumokra
allative	temperamentumhoz	temperamentumokhoz
elative	temperamentumból	temperamentumokból
delative	temperamentumról	temperamentumokról
ablative	temperamentumtól	temperamentumoktól
non-attributive possessive – singular	temperamentumé	temperamentumoké
non-attributive possessive – plural	temperamentuméi	temperamentumokéi

Possessive forms of temperamentum

possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	temperamentumom	temperamentumaim
2nd person sing.	temperamentumod	temperamentumaid
3rd person sing.	temperamentuma	temperamentumai
1st person plural	temperamentumunk	temperamentumaink
2nd person plural	temperamentumotok	temperamentumaitok
3rd person plural	temperamentumuk	temperamentumaik

Further reading

• temperamentum in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN.

Latin

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *temp-der.?

Proto-Indo-European *temh₁-der.?

Proto-Italic *tempos

▲

Ancient Greek καίρῐος (kaírĭos)sl.

Latin tempus

Latin *tempos, *tempes-

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂

Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂

Proto-Indo-European *-yéti

Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.

Proto-Italic *-ājō

Proto-Italic *-āō

Latin -ō

Latin temperō

Proto-Indo-European *-mn̥

Proto-Indo-European *-mn̥tom

Proto-Italic *-mentom

Latin -mentum

Latin temperāmentum

From temperō (“to temper, apportion, regulate, be moderate”) + -mentum (resultative noun suffix).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [tɛm.pɛ.raːˈmɛn.tũː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [tem.pe.raˈmɛn.tum]

Noun

temperāmentum n (genitive temperāmentī); second declension

1. a mixture of things in proper proportion or measure
2. a moderation, proper proportion, balance, equilibrium
3. temperament, disposition
4. (Medieval Latin) rulership, control

Declension

Second-declension noun (neuter).

	singular	plural
nominative	temperāmentum	temperāmenta
genitive	temperāmentī	temperāmentōrum
dative	temperāmentō	temperāmentīs
accusative	temperāmentum	temperāmenta
ablative	temperāmentō	temperāmentīs
vocative	temperāmentum	temperāmenta

Descendants

• → Catalan: temperament
• → Middle French: tempérament
  • → Dutch: temperamentje
  • → Middle English: temperament
    • → English: temperament
  • French: tempérament
    • → Romanian: temperament
• → German: Temperament
• → Hungarian: temperamentum
• → Italian: temperamento
• → Polish: temperament
  • → Ukrainian: темпера́мент (temperáment)
• → Portuguese: temperamento
• → Spanish: temperamento
• → Swedish: temperament
  • → Finnish: temperamentti

References

• “temperamentum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• "temperamentum", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “temperamentum”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• R. E. Latham, D. R. Howlett, & R. K. Ashdowne, editors (1975–2013), “temperamentum”, in Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources‎^[1], London: Oxford University Press for the British Academy, →ISBN, →OCLC
• temperamentum in Georges, Karl Ernst; Georges, Heinrich (1913–1918), Ausführliches lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch, 8th edition, volume 2, Hahnsche Buchhandlung, column 3044