traballar

Galician

Alternative forms

• trabalhar (reintegrationist)

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese traballar, from Vulgar Latin *tripāliāre (“torment”), derived from Late Latin tripālium (“torture instrument”). Compare Portuguese trabalhar, Spanish trabajar.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tɾabaˈɟaɾ/ [t̪ɾa.β̞aˈɟaɾ]
• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Hyphenation: tra‧ba‧llar

Verb

traballar (first-person singular present traballo, first-person singular preterite traballei, past participle traballado)

1. (intransitive) to work

   Synonym: choiar

2. (intransitive) to struggle, strive

   Synonym: esforzar

3. (transitive) to exert an effort on something; usually referred to a field (cultivate), dough (knead), or iron (forge)

Conjugation

    Conjugation of traballar

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti)	Third-person (el / ela / Vde.)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.)
Infinitive
Impersonal	traballar
Personal	traballar	traballares	traballar	traballarmos	traballardes	traballaren
Gerund
	traballando
Past participle
Masculine	traballado			traballados
Feminine	traballada			traballadas
Indicative
Present	traballo	traballas	traballa	traballamos	traballades	traballan
Imperfect	traballaba	traballabas	traballaba	traballabamos	traballabades	traballaban
Preterite	traballei	traballaches	traballou	traballamos	traballastes	traballaron
Pluperfect	traballara	traballaras	traballara	traballaramos	traballarades	traballaran
Future	traballarei	traballarás	traballará	traballaremos	traballaredes	traballarán
Conditional	traballaría	traballarías	traballaría	traballariamos	traballariades	traballarían
Subjunctive
Present	traballe	traballes	traballe	traballemos	traballedes	traballen
Imperfect	traballase	traballases	traballase	traballásemos	traballásedes	traballasen
Future	traballar	traballares	traballar	traballarmos	traballardes	traballaren
Imperative
Affirmative		traballa	traballe	traballemos	traballade	traballen
Negative (non)		non traballes	non traballe	non traballemos	non traballedes	non traballen

Related terms

• traballo

References

• “traballar”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2026
• “traballar” in DIGALEGO - Dicionario de Galego, Ir Indo 2004, Xunta de Galicia 2013.
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “traballar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “traballar”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “traballar”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

Old Galician-Portuguese

Alternative forms

• trabalhar

Etymology

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *tripāliāre.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tɾabaˈʎaɾ/

Verb

traballar

1. (intransitive) to work
2. (intransitive or reflexive) to make an effort [with de; or with en ‘in something’]
   • a. 1325, Denis of Portugal, [cantiga 564]; republished as Angelo Colocci, compiler, Cancioneiro da Biblioteca Nacional, Italy, c. 1525–1526, cantiga 564:

     Amigas sey eu bẽ dumha molher / Que se trabalha de uosco buscar / Mal a uossamigo polo matar / Mays todaquestamiga ela q̃r / Porq̃ nũca cõ el pode poer / Queo podesse por amigauer.

     [Amiga sei eu ben dũa moller / Que se traballa de vosco buscar / Mal a vosso amigo polo matar / Mais todo aquesto amiga ela quer / Porque nunca com el pode põer / Que o podesse por amiga aver.]

     My friend, I know about a woman that makes an effort to bring harm and death to your lover. But she wants that, my friend, because she could never take your lover as her own.

3. (reflexive) to worry [with de ‘of something’]

   Synonym: sofrer

Conjugation

    Conjugation of traballar

infinitive				traballar
gerund		simple		traballando
		compound		gerund of haver or tẽer1 + past participle
past participle				singular		plural
		masculine		traballado		traballados
		feminine		traballada		traballadas
present participle				traballante		traballantes
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative mood		eu ei	tu	el~ele ela	nos nos outros nos outras	vos vos outros vos outras	eles elas
simple tenses	present	traballo	traballas	traballa	traballamos	traballades, traballaes, traballais, traballaas, traballás	traballan
	imperfect	traballava	traballavas	traballava	traballavamos, traballávamos	traballavades, traballávades, traballávaes, traballávais, traballávees, traballáveis	traballavan
	preterite	traballei	traballaste, traballasche, traballache	traballou	traballamos	traballastes	traballaron
	pluperfect	traballara	traballaras	traballara	traballaramos, traballáramos	traballarades, traballárades, traballáraes, traballárais, traballárees, traballáreis	traballaran
	future	traballarei	traballarás	traballará	traballaremos	traballaredes, traballarees, traballareis, traballarês	traballarán
	conditional	traballaria	traballarias	traballaria	traballariamos, traballaríamos	traballariades, traballaríades, traballaríaes, traballaríais, traballaríees, traballaríeis	traballarian
compound tenses	present perfect	present of haver or tẽer1 + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect of haver or tẽer1 + past participle
	past anterior	preterite of haver or tẽer1 + past participle
	pluperfect anterior	simple pluperfect of haver or tẽer1 + past participle
	future perfect	future of haver or tẽer1 + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of haver or tẽer1 + past participle
subjunctive mood		eu ei	tu	el~ele ela	nos nos outros nos outras	vos vos outros vos outras	eles elas
simple tenses	present	traballe	traballes	traballe	traballemos	traballedes, traballees, traballeis, traballês	traballen
	imperfect	traballasse	traballasses	traballasse	traballassemos, traballássemos	traballassedes, traballássedes, traballássees, traballásseis	traballassen
	future	traballar	traballares	traballar	traballarmos	traballardes	traballaren
compound tenses	present perfect	present subjunctive of haver or tẽer1 + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect subjunctive of haver or tẽer1 + past participle
	future perfect	future subjunctive of haver or tẽer1 + past participle
imperative mood		—	tu	—	nos nos outros nos outras	vos vos outros vos outras	—
affirmative		—	traballa	—	traballemos	traballade, traballae, traballai	—
negative		—	non traballes	—	non traballemos	non traballedes, non traballees, non traballeis, non traballês	—
personal infinitive		eu ei	tu	el~ele ela	nos nos outros nos outras	vos vos outros vos outras	eles elas
		traballar	traballares	traballar	traballarmos	traballardes	traballaren
1 Haver is more common than tẽer.

Derived terms

• traballador
• traballante
• traballo
• traballoso

Descendants

• Fala: traballar
• Galician: traballar
• Portuguese: trabalhar

References

• Barreiro, Xavier Varela; Guinovart, Xavier Gómez (2006–2018), “traballar”, in Corpus Xelmírez: corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval [Corpus Xelmírez: linguistic corpus of Medieval Galicia] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Cunha, Antônio Geraldo da (2020–2026), “trabalhar”, in Vocabulário histórico-cronológico do português medieval [Historical and chronological vocabulary of Medieval Portuguese] (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Fundação Casa de Rui Barbosa
• Ferreiro, Manuel (2014–2026), “traballar”, in Universo Cantigas: edición crítica da poesía medieval galego-portuguesa [Universo Cantigas: critical edition of Galician-Portuguese medieval poetry] (in Galician), A Coruña: University of A Coruña, →ISSN
• Seoane, Ernesto Xosé González; Granja, María Álvarez de la; Agrelo, Ana Isabel Boullón (2006–2022), “traba+ar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval [Dictionary of dictionaries of Medieval Galician] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega