vanus

Estonian

Noun

vanus (genitive vanuse, partitive vanust)

1. age

Declension

Inflection of vanus (ÕS type 9/katus, no gradation)

	singular	plural
nominative	vanus	vanused
accusative	vanuse	vanused
genitive	vanuse	vanuste
partitive	vanust	vanuseid
illative	vanusesse	vanustesse vanuseisse
inessive	vanuses	vanustes vanuseis
elative	vanusest	vanustest vanuseist
allative	vanusele	vanustele vanuseile
adessive	vanusel	vanustel vanuseil
ablative	vanuselt	vanustelt vanuseilt
translative	vanuseks	vanusteks vanuseiks
terminative	vanuseni	vanusteni
essive	vanusena	vanustena
abessive	vanuseta	vanusteta
comitative	vanusega	vanustega

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Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *wānos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁weh₂- (“empty”). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *wanaz, Sanskrit ऊन (ūná).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈu̯aː.nus/, [ˈu̯äːnʊs̠]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈva.nus/, [ˈväːnus]

Adjective

vānus (feminine vāna, neuter vānum, superlative vānissimus); first/second-declension adjective

1. vain, empty, vacant, void

   Synonyms: vacuus, inānis, irritus

   Antonyms: plenus, refertus, opīmus, implētus, explētus, complētus, frequens

   • 4th century, St Jerome, Vulgate, 2 Paralipomenon 32:15

     non vos ergo decipiat Ezechias nec vana persuasione deludat neque credatis ei si enim nullus potuit deus cunctarum gentium atque regnorum liberare populum suum de manu mea et de manu patrum meorum consequenter nec Deus vester poterit eruere vos de hac manu (Therefore let not Ezechias deceive you, nor delude you with a vain persuasion, and do not believe him. For if no god of all the nations and kingdoms, could deliver his people out of my hand, and out of the hand of my fathers, consequently neither shall your God be able to deliver you out of my hand.)

2. unsubstantial
3. (figuratively) groundless, baseless, meaningless, pointless
4. ostentatious, boastful
5. deceptive, untrustworthy

Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

Number	Singular				Plural
Case / Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	vānus	vāna	vānum		vānī	vānae	vāna
Genitive	vānī	vānae	vānī		vānōrum	vānārum	vānōrum
Dative	vānō		vānō		vānīs
Accusative	vānum	vānam	vānum		vānōs	vānās	vāna
Ablative	vānō	vānā	vānō		vānīs
Vocative	vāne	vāna	vānum		vānī	vānae	vāna

Related terms

• vānēscō
• vānitās
• vānum

Descendants

• Italian: vano
  • → Romanian: van
• Old Occitan:
  • Catalan: va
• Old French: vain, vaine
  • French: vain
  • → Middle English: vein
    • English: vain
    • Scots: vane, vain, vaine
• Piedmontese: van
• West Iberian
  • Old Portuguese: vão
    • Galician: van
    • Portuguese: vão
  • Old Spanish:
    • Spanish: vano
• ⇒ Aromanian: vãnãt
• ⇒ Vulgar Latin: vānitāre (or from vānitās)
  • Italian: vantare
  • Old French: vanter, vaunter
    • French: vanter
    • → Middle English: vaunten
      • English: vaunt
      • Scots: vaunt
  • Romanian: *vânta
    • ⇒? Romanian: vântă
• →⇒ English: vaniloquence

References

• “vanus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “vanus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• vanus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• vanus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette