vulnero

See also: vulneró

Catalan

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Northern) [bulˈne̞.ɾu]
• IPA^(key): (Balearic, Valencia) [vulˈne.ɾo]
• IPA^(key): (Central) [bulˈne.ɾu]
• IPA^(key): (Northwestern) [bulˈne.ɾo]

Verb

vulnero

1. first-person singular present indicative of vulnerar

Galician

Verb

vulnero

1. first-person singular present indicative of vulnerar

Italian

Verb

vulnero

1. first-person singular present indicative of vulnerare

Latin

Etymology

Etymology tree

Latin vulnus

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂

Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂

Proto-Indo-European *-yéti

Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.

Proto-Italic *-ājō

Proto-Italic *-āō

Latin -ō

Latin vulnerō

From vulnus (“wound”) + -ō.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈwʊɫ.nɛ.roː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈvul.ne.ro]

Verb

vulnerō (present infinitive vulnerāre, perfect active vulnerāvī, supine vulnerātum); first conjugation

1. to wound, injure, hurt

   Synonyms: feriō, mulcō, noceō, sauciō, secō, īnfestō, laedō

   Puella dē arbore cecidit et crūs vulnerāvit.

   The girl fell from a tree and hurt her leg.

   • 106 BCE – 43 BCE, Cicero, Verrine Orations 2.67:

     servi nonnulli vulnerantur, ipse Rubrius in turba sauciatur

     Several slaves were wounded, and Rubius himself was injured in the struggle

   • c. 330 CE – c. 390 CE, Ammianus Marcellinus, History 28.6:

     cum quidam oppugnatores sine ullo vulnerarentur effectu, redierunt ad propria tristiores

     • 1939 translation by J. C. Rolfe

       during which some of the besiegers were wounded without accomplishing anything, they returned in saddened mood to their own abodes

Conjugation

   Conjugation of vulnerō (first conjugation)

indicative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	vulnerō		vulnerās		vulnerat		vulnerāmus		vulnerātis		vulnerant
	imperfect	vulnerābam		vulnerābās		vulnerābat		vulnerābāmus		vulnerābātis		vulnerābant
	future	vulnerābō		vulnerābis		vulnerābit		vulnerābimus		vulnerābitis		vulnerābunt
	perfect	vulnerāvī		vulnerāvistī		vulnerāvit		vulnerāvimus		vulnerāvistis		vulnerāvērunt, vulnerāvēre
	pluperfect	vulnerāveram		vulnerāverās		vulnerāverat		vulnerāverāmus		vulnerāverātis		vulnerāverant
	future perfect	vulnerāverō		vulnerāveris		vulnerāverit		vulnerāverimus		vulnerāveritis		vulnerāverint
passive	present	vulneror		vulnerāris, vulnerāre		vulnerātur		vulnerāmur		vulnerāminī		vulnerantur
	imperfect	vulnerābar		vulnerābāris, vulnerābāre		vulnerābātur		vulnerābāmur		vulnerābāminī		vulnerābantur
	future	vulnerābor		vulnerāberis, vulnerābere		vulnerābitur		vulnerābimur		vulnerābiminī		vulnerābuntur
	perfect	vulnerātus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	vulnerātus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	vulnerātus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	vulnerem		vulnerēs		vulneret		vulnerēmus		vulnerētis		vulnerent
	imperfect	vulnerārem		vulnerārēs		vulnerāret		vulnerārēmus		vulnerārētis		vulnerārent
	perfect	vulnerāverim		vulnerāverīs		vulnerāverit		vulnerāverīmus		vulnerāverītis		vulnerāverint
	pluperfect	vulnerāvissem		vulnerāvissēs		vulnerāvisset		vulnerāvissēmus		vulnerāvissētis		vulnerāvissent
passive	present	vulnerer		vulnerēris, vulnerēre		vulnerētur		vulnerēmur		vulnerēminī		vulnerentur
	imperfect	vulnerārer		vulnerārēris, vulnerārēre		vulnerārētur		vulnerārēmur		vulnerārēminī		vulnerārentur
	perfect	vulnerātus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	vulnerātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	—		vulnerā		—		—		vulnerāte		—
	future	—		vulnerātō		vulnerātō		—		vulnerātōte		vulnerantō
passive	present	—		vulnerāre		—		—		vulnerāminī		—
	future	—		vulnerātor		vulnerātor		—		—		vulnerantor
non-finite forms		infinitive						participle
		active			passive			active			passive
present		vulnerāre			vulnerārī			vulnerāns			—
future		vulnerātūrum esse			vulnerātum īrī			vulnerātūrus			vulnerandus
perfect		vulnerāvisse			vulnerātum esse			—			vulnerātus
future perfect		—			vulnerātum fore			—			—
perfect potential		vulnerātūrum fuisse			—			—			—
verbal nouns		gerund								supine
		genitive		dative		accusative		ablative		accusative		ablative
		vulnerandī		vulnerandō		vulnerandum		vulnerandō		vulnerātum		vulnerātū

Derived terms

• vulnerābilis
• vulnerātiō
• vulnerātor

Related terms

• vulnerārius
• vulnifer
• vulnificō
• vulnificus
• vulnus
• vulnusculum

Descendants

• Catalan: vulnerar
• → English: vulnerate
• Galician: vulnerar
• Italian: vulnerare
• Portuguese: vulnerar
• Romanian: vulnera
• Spanish: vulnerar

References

• “vulnero”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “vulnero”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • (ambiguous) wounds (scars) on the breast: vulnera (cicatrices) adversa (opp. aversa)
    
  • (ambiguous) wounds (scars) on the breast: vulnera adverso corpore accepta
    

Portuguese

Verb

vulnero

1. first-person singular present indicative of vulnerar

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bulˈneɾo/ [bulˈne.ɾo]
• Rhymes: -eɾo
• Syllabification: vul‧ne‧ro

Verb

vulnero

1. first-person singular present indicative of vulnerar