νύμφη
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Ancient Greek
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *snewbʰ- (“to marry, to wed”), and compared with Latin nūbō (“to marry”) (whence English nubile). However, Beekes argues for a Pre-Greek origin, as the preceding theory does not explain the origin of the inner nasal -μ- (-m-); others including Kretschmer have also argued for substrate origin, comparing the proper name Νυμφασία (Numphasía).[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /ným.pʰɛː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈnym.pʰe̝/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈnym.ɸi/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈnym.fi/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈnim.fi/
Noun
[edit]νῠ́μφη • (númphē) f (genitive νῠ́μφης); first declension
- bride, young wife
- (Greek mythology, sometimes capitalized) nymph, goddess of lower rank
- goddess of springs; (poetry) spring, spring water
- doll, puppet
- 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Julius Caesar 332d:
- […], ἥ τε μήτηρ τοῦ Καίσαρος Αὐρηλία γυνὴ σώφρων περιέπουσα τὴν νύμφην ἀεὶ χαλεπὴν καὶ παρακεκινδυνευμένην αὐτοῖς ἐποίει τὴν ἔντευξιν.
- […], hḗ te mḗtēr toû Kaísaros Aurēlía gunḕ sṓphrōn periépousa tḕn númphēn aeì khalepḕn kaì parakekinduneuménēn autoîs epoíei tḕn énteuxin.
- […], ἥ τε μήτηρ τοῦ Καίσαρος Αὐρηλία γυνὴ σώφρων περιέπουσα τὴν νύμφην ἀεὶ χαλεπὴν καὶ παρακεκινδυνευμένην αὐτοῖς ἐποίει τὴν ἔντευξιν.
- bee or wasp in pupa stage
- 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, History of Animals 5.19:
- […]· ὅταν δ' ἐκ τῶν σκωλήκων εἰς τὴν διατύπωσιν ἔλθωσι, καλοῦνται μὲν νύμφαι τότε, […]
- […]; hótan d' ek tôn skōlḗkōn eis tḕn diatúpōsin élthōsi, kaloûntai mèn númphai tóte, […]
- […]· ὅταν δ' ἐκ τῶν σκωλήκων εἰς τὴν διατύπωσιν ἔλθωσι, καλοῦνται μὲν νύμφαι τότε, […]
- winged male ant
- 5th century CE, Hesychius Alexandreus, Συναγωγὴ Πασῶν Λέξεων κατὰ Στοιχεῖον
- A kind of mollusk.
- (agriculture) point of a plowshare
- (anatomy) hollow between the lower lip and the chin
- (zootomy) depression on the shoulder of a horse
- opening rosebud
- (anatomy) clitoris, also the labia minora [from 2nd c.]
- niche
Inflection
[edit]Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ἡ νῠ́μφη hē númphē |
τὼ νῠ́μφᾱ tṑ númphā |
αἱ νῠ́μφαι hai númphai | ||||||||||
Genitive | τῆς νῠ́μφης tês númphēs |
τοῖν νῠ́μφαιν toîn númphain |
τῶν νῠμφῶν tôn numphôn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῇ νῠ́μφῃ têi númphēi |
τοῖν νῠ́μφαιν toîn númphain |
ταῖς νῠ́μφαις taîs númphais | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὴν νῠ́μφην tḕn númphēn |
τὼ νῠ́μφᾱ tṑ númphā |
τᾱ̀ς νῠ́μφᾱς tā̀s númphās | ||||||||||
Vocative | νῠ́μφη númphē |
νῠ́μφᾱ númphā |
νῠ́μφαι númphai | ||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | νῠ́μφη númphē |
νῠ́μφᾱ númphā |
νῠ́μφαι númphai | ||||||||||
Genitive | νῠ́μφης númphēs |
νῠ́μφαιν / νῠ́μφαιῐν / νῠ́μφῃῐν númphai(i)n / númphēiin |
νῠμφᾱ́ων / νῠμφέ͜ων / νῠμφῶν numphā́ōn / numphé͜ōn / numphôn | ||||||||||
Dative | νῠ́μφῃ númphēi |
νῠ́μφαιν / νῠ́μφαιῐν / νῠ́μφῃῐν númphai(i)n / númphēiin |
νῠ́μφῃσῐ / νῠ́μφῃσῐν / νῠ́μφῃς / νῠ́μφαις númphēisi(n) / númphēis / númphais | ||||||||||
Accusative | νῠ́μφην númphēn |
νῠ́μφᾱ númphā |
νῠ́μφᾱς númphās | ||||||||||
Vocative | νῠ́μφη / νῠ́μφᾰ númphē / númpha |
νῠ́μφᾱ númphā |
νῠ́μφαι númphai | ||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Antonyms
[edit]Antonym: νυμφίος (numphíos, “a bridegroom”)
Derived terms
[edit]- ᾰ̓́νῠμφος (ánumphos)
- δῠ́σνῠμφος (dúsnumphos)
- εὔνῠμφος (eúnumphos)
- κᾰκόνῠμφος (kakónumphos)
- κλεψῐ́νῠμφος (klepsínumphos)
- λᾱθρόνῠμφος (lāthrónumphos)
- μελλόνῠμφος (mellónumphos)
- μῑσόνῠμφος (mīsónumphos)
- νεόνῠμφος (neónumphos)
- νῠμφᾱγενής (numphāgenḗs)
- νῠμφᾱγέτης (numphāgétēs)
- νῠμφᾰγωγός (numphagōgós)
- νῠμφαῖος (numphaîos)
- νῠμφεῖος (numpheîos)
- νῠμφεύω (numpheúō)
- νῠμφῐ́δες (numphídes)
- νῠμφῐ́δῐος (numphídios)
- νῠμφῐκός (numphikós)
- νῠμφῐ́ος (numphíos)
- νῠμφόβᾱς (numphóbās)
- νῠμφογέννητος (numphogénnētos)
- νῠμφόκλαυτος (numphóklautos)
- νῠμφοκόμος (numphokómos)
- νῠμφόληπτος (numphólēptos)
- νῠμφοπόνος (numphopónos)
- νῠμφοστόλος (numphostólos)
- νῠμφοτερεῖς (numphotereîs)
- νῠμφότῑμος (numphótīmos)
- νῠμφοτομέω (numphotoméō)
- νῠμφοτομῐ́ᾱ (numphotomíā)
- νῠμφοτροφέω (numphotrophéō)
- νῠμφοφόρος (numphophóros)
- νῠμφώδης (numphṓdēs)
- νῠμφών (numphṓn)
- ὁμόνῠμφος (homónumphos)
- πᾰλεονῠμφᾱ́γονος (paleonumphā́gonos)
- πᾰρᾰ́νῠμφος (paránumphos)
- πολῠ́νῠμφος (polúnumphos)
- προνῠ́μφῐος (pronúmphios)
- σῠννῠμφοκόμος (sunnumphokómos)
- σῠ́ννῠμφος (súnnumphos)
- ῠ̔πονῠμφῐ́ς (huponumphís)
Related terms
[edit]- νῠ́μφαιον (númphaion)
- νῠμφᾰ́ς (numphás)
- νῠμφᾰ́σμᾰτᾰ (numphásmata)
- νῠ́μφευμᾰ (númpheuma)
- νῠ́μφευσῐς (númpheusis)
- νῠμφευτήρ (numpheutḗr)
- νῠμφευτήρῐος (numpheutḗrios)
- νῠμφευτής (numpheutḗs)
- νῠμφεύτρῐᾰ (numpheútria)
- νῠμφῐᾰ́ω (numphiáō)
Descendants
[edit]- Greek: νύμφη (nýmfi, “nymph; bride”), νύφη (nýfi, “bride; in-law”)
- Mariupol Greek: нимф (nimf, “fairy”), ныф (nyf, “bride; in-law”)
- → Latin: lympha, nympha (see there for further descendants)
- → Russian: ни́мфа (nímfa)
References
[edit]- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “νύμφη”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1026
Further reading
[edit]- “νύμφη”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “νύμφη”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “νύμφη”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “νύμφη”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- νύμφη in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- νύμφη in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- G3565 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- νύμφη in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- “νύμφη”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, 2011
Greek
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Ancient Greek νύμφη (númphē).
Noun
[edit]νύμφη • (nýmfi) f (plural νύμφες)
- bride
- (Greek mythology) nymph, female sprite, female nature spirit
- (zoology) nymph, larva
- (zoology) pupa, chrysalis
Declension
[edit]Declension of νύμφη
Synonyms
[edit]- (bride): νύφη f (nýfi)
- (chrysalis, pupa): χρυσαλλίδα f (chrysallída)
Further reading
[edit]νύμφη on the Greek Wikipedia.Wikipedia el
Categories:
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek terms derived from a Pre-Greek substrate
- Ancient Greek 2-syllable words
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- grc:Greek deities
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- grc:Agriculture
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- grc:Animal body parts
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- grc:Water
- grc:Toys
- grc:Hymenopterans
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- grc:Roses
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- Greek terms derived from Ancient Greek
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- el:Greek mythology
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