एव

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

• eva (Latin script)
• 𑀏𑀯 (Brahmi script)
• এৰ (Bengali script)
• එව (Sinhalese script)
• ဧဝ or ဨဝ or ဢေဝ (Burmese script)
• เอว or เอวะ (Thai script)
• ᩑᩅ (Tai Tham script)
• ເອວ or ເອວະ (Lao script)
• ឯវ (Khmer script)
• 𑄃𑄬𑅇 (Chakma script)

Alternative scripts

• eva (Latin script)
• 𑀏𑀯 (Brahmi script)
• এৰ (Bengali script)
• එව (Sinhalese script)
• ဧဝ or ဨဝ or ဢေဝ (Burmese script)
• เอว or เอวะ (Thai script)
• ᩑᩅ (Tai Tham script)
• ເອວ or ເອວະ (Lao script)
• ឯវ (Khmer script)
• 𑄃𑄬𑅇 (Chakma script)

Alternative scripts

• eva (Latin script)
• 𑀏𑀯 (Brahmi script)
• এৰ (Bengali script)
• එව (Sinhalese script)
• ဧဝ or ဨဝ or ဢေဝ (Burmese script)
• เอว or เอวะ (Thai script)
• ᩑᩅ (Tai Tham script)
• ເອວ or ເອວະ (Lao script)
• ឯវ (Khmer script)
• 𑄃𑄬𑅇 (Chakma script)

Alternative scripts

• eva (Latin script)
• 𑀏𑀯 (Brahmi script)
• এৰ (Bengali script)
• එව (Sinhalese script)
• ဧဝ or ဨဝ or ဢေဝ (Burmese script)
• เอว or เอวะ (Thai script)
• ᩑᩅ (Tai Tham script)
• ເອວ or ເອວະ (Lao script)
• ឯវ (Khmer script)
• 𑄃𑄬𑅇 (Chakma script)

Particle

एव

1. Devanagari script form of eva (“even”)

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• এৱ (Assamese script)
• ᬏᬯ (Balinese script)
• এব (Bengali script)
• 𑰊𑰪 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀏𑀯 (Brahmi script)
• ဧဝ (Burmese script)
• એવ (Gujarati script)
• ਏਵ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌏𑌵 (Grantha script)
• ꦌꦮ (Javanese script)
• 𑂉𑂫 (Kaithi script)
• ಏವ (Kannada script)
• ឯវ (Khmer script)
• ເອວ (Lao script)
• ഏവ (Malayalam script)
• ᡝᠸᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘊𑘪 (Modi script)
• ᠧᠸᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦪𑧊 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐊𑐰 (Newa script)
• ଏଵ (Odia script)
• ꢍꢮ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆍𑆮 (Sharada script)
• 𑖊𑖪 (Siddham script)
• එව (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩐𑩔𑩾 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚆𑚦 (Takri script)
• ஏவ (Tamil script)
• ఏవ (Telugu script)
• เอว (Thai script)
• ཨེ་ཝ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒋𑒫 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨀𑨄𑨭 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *éy?

Proto-Indo-European *-nós?

Proto-Indo-European *óywos

Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háywas

Sanskrit एव (eva)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háywas, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁óywos. Compare Avestan 𐬀𐬉𐬎𐬎𐬀 (aēuua).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɐj.ʋɐ́/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈeː.ʋɐ/

Particle

एव • (evá)

1. so, just so
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.108.09:

     ए॒वा च॒ त्वं स॑रम आज॒गन्थ॒ प्रबा॑धिता॒ सह॑सा॒ दैव्ये॑न ।
     स्वसा॑रं त्वा कृणवै॒ मा पुन॑र्गा॒ अप॑ ते॒ गवां॑ सुभगे भजाम ॥

     evā́ ca tváṃ sarama ājagántha prábādhitā sáhasā daívyena.
     svásāraṃ tvā kṛṇavai mā́ púnargā ápa te gávāṃ subhage bhajāma.

     Even thus, O Sarama, hast thou come hither, forced by celestial might to make the journey.
     Turn thee not back, for thou shalt be our sister: O Blest One, we will give thee of the cattle.

2. indeed, truly
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda
3. just, exactly, as; alone, only
   • c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda
4. an emphatic particle

Usage notes

In later Sanskrit, एवम् (evám) replaces these senses of एव (evá).

Etymology 2

From the root इ (i, “to go”).

Adjective

एव • (éva) stem

1. speedy, quick

   Synonym: शीघ्र (śīghra)

   • TBr

Noun

एव • (éva) stem, m

1. way, course

   Synonym: पथ (patha)

   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda
2. earth, the world
   • c. 1200 BCE – 800 BCE, Śukla-Yajurveda (Vājasenayi Saṃhitā)
3. horse

   Synonym: अश्व (aśva)

   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda
4. conduct, manner, custom

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of एव (éva)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	एवः évaḥ	एवौ / एवा¹ évau / évā¹	एवाः / एवासः¹ évāḥ / évāsaḥ¹
Vocative	एव éva	एवौ / एवा¹ évau / évā¹	एवाः / एवासः¹ évāḥ / évāsaḥ¹
Accusative	एवम् évam	एवौ / एवा¹ évau / évā¹	एवान् évān
Instrumental	एवेन évena	एवाभ्याम् évābhyām	एवैः / एवेभिः¹ évaiḥ / évebhiḥ¹
Dative	एवाय évāya	एवाभ्याम् évābhyām	एवेभ्यः évebhyaḥ
Ablative	एवात् évāt	एवाभ्याम् évābhyām	एवेभ्यः évebhyaḥ
Genitive	एवस्य évasya	एवयोः évayoḥ	एवानाम् évānām
Locative	एवे éve	एवयोः évayoḥ	एवेषु éveṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “एव”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 232/2.
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 270