कर्ण

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Hindi

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Sanskrit कर्ण (karṇa). Doublet of कान (kān), a tadbhava.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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कर्ण (karṇm (Urdu spelling کرن)

  1. (anatomy, uncommon) ear
    Synonym: कान (kān)
  2. (geometry, trigonometry) hypotenuse
  3. (nautical) helm, rudder

Declension

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References

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  • Caturvedi, Mahendra, Bhola Nath Tiwari (1970) “कर्ण”, in A practical Hindi-English dictionary, Delhi: National Publishing House

Marathi

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Sanskrit कर्ण (karṇa). Doublet of कान (kān), a tadbhava.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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कर्ण (karṇam

  1. (anatomy, uncommon) ear
  2. (geometry) hypotenuse

Declension

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Declension of कर्ण (masc cons-stem)
direct
singular
कर्ण
karṇ
direct
plural
कर्ण
karṇ
singular
एकवचन
plural
अनेकवचन
nominative
प्रथमा
कर्ण
karṇ
कर्ण
karṇ
oblique
सामान्यरूप
कर्णा
karṇā
कर्णां-
karṇān-
acc. / dative
द्वितीया / चतुर्थी
कर्णाला
karṇālā
कर्णांना
karṇānnā
ergative कर्णाने, कर्णानं
karṇāne, karṇāna
कर्णांनी
karṇānnī
instrumental कर्णाशी
karṇāśī
कर्णांशी
karṇānśī
locative
सप्तमी
कर्णात
karṇāt
कर्णांत
karṇāt
vocative
संबोधन
कर्णा
karṇā
कर्णांनो
karṇānno
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions.
There is no space between the stem and the postposition.
Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.
Genitive declension of कर्ण (masc cons-stem)
masculine object
पुल्लिंगी कर्म
feminine object
स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म
neuter object
नपुसकलिंगी कर्म
oblique
सामान्यरूप
singular
एकवचन
plural
अनेकवचन
singular
एकवचन
plural
अनेकवचन
singular*
एकवचन
plural
अनेकवचन
singular subject
एकवचनी कर्ता
कर्णाचा
karṇāċā
कर्णाचे
karṇāċe
कर्णाची
karṇācī
कर्णाच्या
karṇācā
कर्णाचे, कर्णाचं
karṇāċe, karṇāċa
कर्णाची
karṇācī
कर्णाच्या
karṇācā
plural subject
अनेकवचनी कर्ता
कर्णांचा
karṇānċā
कर्णांचे
karṇānċe
कर्णांची
karṇāñcī
कर्णांच्या
karṇāncā
कर्णांचे, कर्णांचं
karṇānċe, karṇānċa
कर्णांची
karṇāñcī
कर्णांच्या
karṇāñcā
* Note: Word-final (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as (a).
Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

Derived terms

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Sanskrit

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Sanskrit Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia sa

Alternative scripts

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Etymology

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    Of uncertain origin.

    Likely related to Persian کر (kar, deaf), and perhaps to Old Church Slavonic крънъ (krŭnŭ, mutilated (esp. of the ears and nose)); however, Fraenkel's presupposition that "defect of the ear" was the original meaning of the common root and that Sanskrit later developed the more basal meaning of "ear" from the "defect" meaning is suspect.

    Pischel takes the original meaning as "point, spike"; under this view, कर्णक (karṇaka, lateral protrusion; fork) could be related. However, a convincing etymological path for this has not been found.

    Zupitsa connects this with Russian Church Slavonic črĕnъ, from a common root meaning "handle, grip".

    Finally, others have connected this word to शृणोति (śṛṇóti, to listen, hear).

    Noun

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    कर्ण (kárṇa) stemm

    1. (anatomy) ear
    2. (nautical) the handle or ear of a vessel
    3. (nautical) the helm or rudder of a ship
    4. (geometry) the hypotenuse of a triangle or the diagonal of a quadrilateral
    5. diameter (of a circle)
    6. (prosody) spondee

    Declension

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    Masculine a-stem declension of कर्ण
    Nom. sg. कर्णः (karṇaḥ)
    Gen. sg. कर्णस्य (karṇasya)
    Singular Dual Plural
    Nominative कर्णः (karṇaḥ) कर्णौ (karṇau) कर्णाः (karṇāḥ)
    Vocative कर्ण (karṇa) कर्णौ (karṇau) कर्णाः (karṇāḥ)
    Accusative कर्णम् (karṇam) कर्णौ (karṇau) कर्णान् (karṇān)
    Instrumental कर्णेन (karṇena) कर्णाभ्याम् (karṇābhyām) कर्णैः (karṇaiḥ)
    Dative कर्णाय (karṇāya) कर्णाभ्याम् (karṇābhyām) कर्णेभ्यः (karṇebhyaḥ)
    Ablative कर्णात् (karṇāt) कर्णाभ्याम् (karṇābhyām) कर्णेभ्यः (karṇebhyaḥ)
    Genitive कर्णस्य (karṇasya) कर्णयोः (karṇayoḥ) कर्णानाम् (karṇānām)
    Locative कर्णे (karṇe) कर्णयोः (karṇayoḥ) कर्णेषु (karṇeṣu)

    Descendants

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    References

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    • Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “karna”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 144
    • Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎[1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 314-315