Jump to content

कारण

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Hindi

[edit]
Hindi Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia hi

Etymology

[edit]

Borrowed from Sanskrit कारण (kāraṇa, cause).

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • (Delhi) IPA(key): /kɑː.ɾəɳ/, [käː.ɾɐ̃ɳ]

Noun

[edit]

कारण (kāraṇm (Urdu spelling کارَن)

  1. cause
    यह सब आपके कारण हुआ।yah sab āpke kāraṇ huā.All this happened because of you.
  2. reason
    इस पर विश्‍वास करने का कोई कारण नहीं है।
    is par viś‍vās karne kā koī kāraṇ nahī̃ hai.
    There is no reason to believe this.

Declension

[edit]
Declension of कारण (masc cons-stem)
singular plural
direct कारण
kāraṇ
कारण
kāraṇ
oblique कारण
kāraṇ
कारणों
kāraṇõ
vocative कारण
kāraṇ
कारणो
kāraṇo

Synonyms

[edit]

Further reading

[edit]

Konkani

[edit]

Conjunction

[edit]

कारण (kāraṇ) (Latin script ?, Kannada script ?)

  1. because

Marathi

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

Inherited from Old Marathi 𑘎𑘰𑘨𑘜 (kāraṇa, cause), from Maharastri Prakrit 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡 (kāraṇa, cause), from Sanskrit कारण (kāraṇa, cause).

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • IPA(key): /ka.ɾəɳ/
  • Rhymes: -əɳ
  • Hyphenation: का‧रण

Conjunction

[edit]

कारण (kāraṇ)

  1. because
    तो खेळायला जाऊ शकत नाही कारण त्याने अजून त्याचे गृहपाठ पूर्ण केलेले नाही.
    to kheḷāylā jāū śakat nāhī kāraṇ tyāne ajūn tyāce gruhpāṭh pūrṇa kelele nāhī.
    He cannot go play because he hasn't finished his homework yet.

Noun

[edit]

कारण (kāraṇn

  1. cause, reason
    मुसळधार पाऊस हे पुराचे कारण होते.
    musaḷdhār pāūs he purāce kāraṇ hote.
    Heavy rain was the cause of the flood.
  2. excuse
    Synonyms: निमित्त (nimitta), सबब (sabab)
    तो नेहमी कामावरून लवकर निघण्यासाठी कारण शोधत असतो.
    to nehmī kāmāvrūn lavkar nighaṇyāsāṭhī kāraṇ śodhat asto.
    He is always looking for an excuse to leave work early.

Declension

[edit]
Declension of कारण (neut cons-stem)
direct
singular
कारण
kāraṇ
direct
plural
कारणे, कारणं
kāraṇe, kārṇa
singular
एकवचन
plural
अनेकवचन
nominative
प्रथमा
कारण
kāraṇ
कारणे, कारणं
kāraṇe, kārṇa
oblique
सामान्यरूप
कारणा
kāraṇā
कारणां-
kāraṇān-
acc. / dative
द्वितीया / चतुर्थी
कारणाला
kāraṇālā
कारणांना
kāraṇānnā
ergative कारणाने, कारणानं
kāraṇāne, kāraṇāna
कारणांनी
kāraṇānnī
instrumental कारणाशी
kāraṇāśī
कारणांशी
kāraṇānśī
locative
सप्तमी
कारणात
kāraṇāt
कारणांत
kāraṇāt
vocative
संबोधन
कारणा
kāraṇā
कारणांनो
kāraṇānno
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions.
There is no space between the stem and the postposition.
Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.
Genitive declension of कारण (neut cons-stem)
masculine object
पुल्लिंगी कर्म
feminine object
स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म
neuter object
नपुसकलिंगी कर्म
oblique
सामान्यरूप
singular
एकवचन
plural
अनेकवचन
singular
एकवचन
plural
अनेकवचन
singular*
एकवचन
plural
अनेकवचन
singular subject
एकवचनी कर्ता
कारणाचा
kāraṇāċā
कारणाचे
kāraṇāċe
कारणाची
kāraṇācī
कारणाच्या
kāraṇācā
कारणाचे, कारणाचं
kāraṇāċe, kāraṇāċa
कारणाची
kāraṇācī
कारणाच्या
kāraṇācā
plural subject
अनेकवचनी कर्ता
कारणांचा
kāraṇānċā
कारणांचे
kāraṇānċe
कारणांची
kāraṇāñcī
कारणांच्या
kāraṇāncā
कारणांचे, कारणांचं
kāraṇānċe, kāraṇānċa
कारणांची
kāraṇāñcī
कारणांच्या
kāraṇāñcā
* Note: Word-final (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as (a).
Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

Further reading

[edit]
  • Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “कारण”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
  • Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “कारण”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press

Old Marathi

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

कारण (kāraṇan

  1. Devanagari script form of 𑘎𑘰𑘨𑘜

Pali

[edit]

Alternative scripts

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

कारण n

  1. Devanagari script form of kāraṇa

Declension

[edit]

Prakrit

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

कारण (kāraṇan

  1. Devanagari script form of 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡

Sanskrit

[edit]

Alternative scripts

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

Vṛddhi derivative of करण (káraṇa), from the root कृ (kṛ).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

कारण (kāraṇa) stemn

  1. cause, reason, factor
    • c. 400 BCE, Bhagavad Gītā 13.22:
      पुरुषः प्रकृतिस्थो हि भुङ्क्ते प्रकृतिजान्गुणान्। कारणं गुणसङ्गोऽस्य सदसद्योनिजन्मसु॥
      puruṣaḥ prakṛtistho hi bhuṅkte prakṛtijānguṇān. kāraṇaṃ guṇasaṅgoʼsya sadasadyonijanmasu.
      The living entity in material nature thus follows the ways of life, enjoying the three modes of nature. Its association with that material nature is the cause for this. Thus he meets with good and evil among various species.
    • c. 700 CE – 900 CE, Bhāgavata Purāṇa 11.18.6:
      स्वयं सञ्चिनुयात् सर्वमात्मनो वृत्तिकारणम्। देशकालबलाभिज्ञो नाददीतान्यदाहृतम्॥
      svayaṃ sañcinuyāt sarvamātmano vṛttikāraṇam. deśakālabalābhijño nādadītānyadāhṛtam.
      [A Vānaprastha] should personally collect whatever he requires for his bodily maintenance [lit. cause of his own sustenance], carefully considering the time, place and his own capacity. He should never collect provisions for the future.
    • c. 700 CE – 900 CE, Bhāgavata Purāṇa 11.18.45:
      भक्त्योद्धवानपायिन्या सर्वलोकमहेश्वरम्। सर्वोत्पत्त्यप्ययं ब्रह्म कारणं मोपयाति सः॥
      bhaktyoddhavānapāyinyā sarvalokamaheśvaram. sarvotpattyapyayaṃ brahma kāraṇaṃ mopayāti saḥ.
      My dear Uddhava, I am the Supreme Lord of all worlds, and I create and destroy this universe, being its ultimate cause. I am thus the absolute truth, the cause [of the universe] and one who worships me with unfailing devotional service comes to me.
    • c. 700 CE – 900 CE, Bhāgavata Purāṇa 3.17.1:
      मैत्रेय उवाच
      निशम्यात्मभुवा गीतं कारणं शङ्कयोज्झिताः। ततः सर्वे न्यवर्तन्त त्रिदिवाय दिवौकसः॥
      maitreya uvāca
      niśamyātmabhuvā gītaṃ kāraṇaṃ śaṅkayojjhitāḥ. tataḥ sarve nyavartanta tridivāya divaukasaḥ.
      Śrī Maitreya said: The demigods, the inhabitants of the higher planets, were freed from all fear upon hearing the cause of the darkness explained by Brahmā, who was born from Viṣṇu. Thus they all returned to their respective planets.
  2. instrument, means
    • c. 400 BCE, Bhagavad Gītā 6.3:
      आरुरुक्षोर्मुनेर्योगं कर्म कारणम्उच्यते। योगारूढस्यतस्यैव शमः कारणम्उच्यते॥
      ārurukṣormuneryogaṃ karma kāraṇamucyate. yogārūḍhasyatasyaiva śamaḥ kāraṇamucyate.
      For one who is a neophyte in the eightfold yoga system, work is said to be the means; and for one who is already elevated in yoga, cessation of all material activities is said to be the means.
  3. motive, origin, principle
  4. an element, elementary matter
  5. the origin or plot of a play or poem
  6. that on which an opinion or judgement is founded (a sign, mark, a proof, a legal instrument, document)
  7. an organ of sense
  8. an action
  9. agency, instrumentality, condition
  10. "the cause of being", a father
  11. "cause of creation", a deity
  12. the body
  13. a kind of musical instrument
  14. a sort of song
  15. a number of scribes or kāyasthas
  16. killing, injury

Declension

[edit]
Neuter a-stem declension of कारण
singular dual plural
nominative कारणम् (kāraṇam) कारणे (kāraṇe) कारणानि (kāraṇāni)
कारणा¹ (kāraṇā¹)
accusative कारणम् (kāraṇam) कारणे (kāraṇe) कारणानि (kāraṇāni)
कारणा¹ (kāraṇā¹)
instrumental कारणेन (kāraṇena) कारणाभ्याम् (kāraṇābhyām) कारणैः (kāraṇaiḥ)
कारणेभिः¹ (kāraṇebhiḥ¹)
dative कारणाय (kāraṇāya) कारणाभ्याम् (kāraṇābhyām) कारणेभ्यः (kāraṇebhyaḥ)
ablative कारणात् (kāraṇāt) कारणाभ्याम् (kāraṇābhyām) कारणेभ्यः (kāraṇebhyaḥ)
genitive कारणस्य (kāraṇasya) कारणयोः (kāraṇayoḥ) कारणानाम् (kāraṇānām)
locative कारणे (kāraṇe) कारणयोः (kāraṇayoḥ) कारणेषु (kāraṇeṣu)
vocative कारण (kāraṇa) कारणे (kāraṇe) कारणानि (kāraṇāni)
कारणा¹ (kāraṇā¹)
  • ¹Vedic

Descendants

[edit]

Further reading

[edit]