자다

Korean

Etymology

First attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 자다〮 (Yale: cà-tá). Perhaps related to 졸다 (jolda, “to doze; to be sleepy”).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕa̠da̠]

  • Audio:

    (file)

• Phonetic hangul: [자다]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	jada
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	jada
McCune–Reischauer?	chada
Yale Romanization?	cata

Verb

Korean verb set

Base	자다 (jada)
Causative	재우다 (jae'uda)

자다 • (jada) (infinitive 자, sequential 자니)

1. (intransitive or transitive) to sleep

   Synonym: 잠자다 (jamjada)

   개는 잠을 자고 있습니다.

   Gae-neun jam-eul jago itseumnida.

   The dog is sleeping.

   보통 사람들은 밤에 자고 아침에 일어나지만 밤에 활동하고 아침에 자는 사람들도 있다.

   Botong saram-deur-eun bam-e jago achim-e ireonajiman bam-e hwaldonghago achim-e janeun saram-deul-do itda.

   Ordinary people sleep at night and wake up in the morning, but there are also people who are active at night and sleep in the morning.

2. (intransitive, euphemistic) to sleep (with)

   너 걔랑 잤어? (casual speech)

   Neo gyae-rang jasseo?

   Did you sleep with him/her?

Usage notes

자다 (jada) has two forms for the 해라체 (haerache, “plain”) imperative. The blunt form is regular: 자라 (jara, “sleep!”). The less blunt form is irregular: 자거라 (jageora, “sleep well!”). Other verbs with the irregular non-blunt form are 일어나다 (ireonada, “to get up”), 자라다 (jarada, “to grow”), 가다 (gada, “to go”), and compound verbs ending in 가다 (gada).

Conjugation

    Selected forms of the verb 자다 (jada): vowel-stem, regular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	잔다 janda	자 ja	자요 jayo	잡니다 jamnida
	Past	잤다 jatda	잤어 jasseo	잤어요 jasseoyo	잤습니다 jatseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	자느냐 janeunya	자 ja	자요 jayo	잡니까 jamnikka
	Past	잤느냐 janneunya	잤어 jasseo	잤어요 jasseoyo	잤습니까 jatseumnikka
Hortative		자자 jaja	자 ja	자요 jayo	자십시다 jasipsida
Imperative		자라 jara	자 ja	자요 jayo	잡시오 japsio
Assertive		자겠다 jagetda	자겠어 jagesseo	자겠어요 jagesseoyo	자겠습니다 jagetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		자 ja	자서 jaseo	자니 jani	자니까 janikka
Contrast		자지만 jajiman	자는데 janeunde	자더니 jadeoni
Conjunction		자고 jago
Condition		자면 jamyeon	자야 jaya
Motive		자려고 jaryeogo
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		잠 jam	자기 jagi
Past-tense verbal nouns		잤음 jasseum	잤기 jatgi
Determiners	Past	잔 jan
	Present	자는 janeun
	Future	잘 jal

Honorific: 주무시다 (jumusida)

Derived terms

• 눌러자다 (nulleojada)
• 잠자다 (jamjada)