Appendix:Proto-Basque Swadesh list

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This is a Swadesh list of words in Basque, compared with definitions in English.

Proto-Basque reconstructions are from Trask (2008).

List

[edit]
No. Gloss Proto-Basque
(Trask 2008)
Proto-Basque notes Standard Basque
1 I *ni ni
2 you (singular) *[h]i hi, zu
3 he hura, bera
4 we *gu gu
5 you (plural) *zu zuek
6 they haiek
7 this *[h]aur; *[h]on (stem) hau
8 that *[h]ar (distal) hori, hura
9 here hemen, hon-
10 there hor, han
11 who nor (interrogative)
12 what zer (interrogative)
13 where non (no movement, interrogative)
14 when noiz (interrogative)
15 how nola (interrogative)
16 not *ez (or perhaps *ez{e}) ez
17 all *guz- guzti, den, oro
18 many asko
19 some batzuk, zenbait
20 few gutxi
21 other *bertze (possibly bimorphemic) beste
22 one *bade bat
23 two *biga bi
24 three *[h]irur hiru
25 four *laur lau
26 five *bortz bost
27 big *[h]andi handi
28 long *luze luze
29 wide *zabal zabal
30 thick *lodi lodi, gizen, potolo
31 heavy astun
32 small txiki
33 short *labur labur, motz
34 narrow estu, mehar
35 thin *bene mehe, argal
36 woman emakume
37 man (adult male) *gizon gizon
38 man (human being) gizaki
39 child *unbe, *[h]aur haur, ume, sein
40 wife emazte
41 husband *seNar (probably bimorphemic) senar
42 mother *ama (of nursery origin) ama
43 father *aita (of nursery origin) aita
44 animal abere (domestic)
45 fish *aRani arrain
46 bird *zori txori
47 dog *or (probably older), *zakur txakur
48 louse *zoRi zorri
49 snake *suge suge
50 worm *anar har
51 tree zuhaitz
52 forest *oi[h]an, *baso oihan, baso
53 stick makila
54 fruit zitu, igali
55 seed ale, hazi
56 leaf *[h]oRi hosto, orri
57 root erro, sustrai
58 bark (of a tree) azal
59 flower lili
60 grass *berar belar, bedar
61 rope soka
62 skin *azal azal, larru
63 meat haragi
64 blood *odol odol
65 bone hezur
66 fat (noun) *gizen gantz, gizen
67 egg arrautza
68 horn *adar adar
69 tail *buztan buztan
70 feather luma
71 hair *iLe (approximately) ile
72 head *buru buru
73 ear *beraRi belarri
74 eye *begi begi
75 nose *sudur sudur
76 mouth *a[h]o aho
77 tooth hortz, hagin
78 tongue (organ) *bini mihi
79 fingernail azazkal
80 foot *oin oin
81 leg hanka, zango
82 knee *beLaun belaun
83 hand *esku esku
84 wing *[h]ego, *[h]egal hego
85 belly sabel
86 guts *[h]ertze heste
87 neck *lepo lepo
88 back *bizkar bizkar
89 breast *ugatz bular
90 heart *bi[h]otz bihotz
91 liver *gibel (probably bimorphemic) gibel
92 drink *-dandry edan
93 eat *-an- jan
94 bite kosk egin
95 suck xurgatu
96 spit txistu egin
97 vomit oka egin, okatu
98 blow putz egin
99 breathe arnas egin
100 laugh barre egin
101 see *-kus- ikusi
102 hear entzun
103 know jakin
104 think pentsatu
105 smell usaindu
106 fear *beldur beldur izan
107 sleep *lo (noun) lo egin
108 live bizi izan
109 die hil
110 kill *ero{, *-ro (form uncertain)} erahil
111 fight borrokatu
112 hunt ehizatu
113 hit jo
114 cut *-badance moztu
115 split pitzatu
116 stab sastatu
117 scratch urratu
118 dig aitzurtu
119 swim igeri egin
120 fly hegaz egin
121 walk ibili
122 come *-toR-; *-augin- etorri
123 lie (as in a bed) etzan (action), etzanda egon (state)
124 sit eseri (action), eserita egon (state
125 stand zutitu (action), zutik egon (state)
126 turn (intransitive) biratu
127 fall *-ror-, *-au{(t)}sfar erori, jausi
128 give *-bango: eman
129 hold eduki
130 squeeze estutu
131 rub igurtzi
132 wash ikuzi, garbitu, xahutu
133 wipe xukatu, lehortu
134 pull erakarri
135 push bultzatu
136 throw bota, jaurti(ki)
137 tie lotu
138 sew josi
139 count zenbatu
140 say esan, erran
141 sing abestu
142 play jokatu
143 float igerikatu
144 flow *-ario[n] isuri
145 freeze izoztu
146 swell hanpatu, puztu
147 sun eki, eguzki
148 moon *{[i]}iLe (approximately) ilargi
149 star *izar izar
150 water *ur ur
151 rain *euri euri
152 river *ibai derivative of *ibar ? ibai
153 lake aintzira, zingira
154 sea itsaso
155 salt *gatz gatz
156 stone *[h]aRi; *[h]aitz ?, *[h]anetz ? harri
157 sand hondar, hare
158 dust *[h]auts hauts
159 earth *lur lur
160 cloud *[h]odei < *[h]odeCi ? hodei
161 fog laino
162 sky ortzi
163 wind haize
164 snow elur, edur
165 ice izotz
166 smoke *ke (of anomalous form) ke
167 fire *su su
168 ash hauts, errauts
169 burn *eRe, *-ze{(}-ki-{)} erre
170 road *bide bide
171 mountain *bendi mendi
172 red *goRi (possibly bimorphemic) gorri
173 green *urdin (probably bimorphemic) orlegi
174 yellow *[h]ori (possibly bimorphemic) hori
175 white *zuri (possibly bimorphemic) zuri
176 black *bel ‘dark’ beltz
177 night *gau gau
178 day *egun; *egu? egun
179 year *urte (possibly bimorphemic) urte
180 warm bero
181 cold *[h]otz hotz
182 full *bete beteta, bete
183 new *beRi (possibly bimorphemic) berri
184 old *za[h]ar zahar
185 good *on on
186 bad *gaitz txar
187 rotten ustel
188 dirty *zikin zikin
189 straight zuzen
190 round *bil or *biL biribil
191 sharp (as a knife) zorrotz
192 dull (as a knife) kamuts
193 smooth *leun leun
194 wet busti, heze
195 dry lehor
196 correct zuzen
197 near hurbil
198 far urrun
199 right eskuin
200 left ezker
201 at -n, -an, -ean, -etan
202 in *sar- (non-verbal stem?) -n, -an, -ean, -etan
203 with -ekin, -arekin
204 and *eta eta
205 if (baldin) ba-
206 because -elako, bait-, ... eta
207 name *izen izen, deitura

See also

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References

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Further reading

[edit]
Swadesh lists
Individual languages
Language families, family branches, and geographic groupings
Constructed languages
Reconstructed proto-languages
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