参る

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See also: 參る

Japanese[edit]

Kanji in this term
まい
Grade: 4
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
參る (kyūjitai)

Etymology[edit]

This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “Needs cleanup -- etym is currently tautological. See 語誌 notes in NKD entry -- まゐ element is of uncertain derivation. At any rate, it cannot be the stem of まゐる if まゐる is derived from itself.”

⟨mawi iru⟩/mawiru//mairu/

From Old Japanese. First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720.[1]

Originally a compound of (mawi → mai, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, stem or continuative form) of Old Japanese verb 參る (mawiru → mairu), “to go, particularly to the place or person of a social superior”, humble) +‎ 入る (iru, to enter).[1][2][3] Old Japanese did not allow vowel clusters, resulting in the shortening of mawi iru to mawiru.

The transitive senses are obsolete in modern Japanese.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "参る"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)
参る いる [máꜜìrù]
Imperative (命令形) 参れ いれ [máꜜìrè]
Key constructions
Passive 参られる いられ [màíráréꜜrù]
Causative 参らせる いらせ [màíráséꜜrù]
Potential 参れる いれ [màíréꜜrù]
Volitional 参ろう いろ [màíróꜜò]
Negative 参らない いらない [màíráꜜnàì]
Negative perfective 参らなかった いらなかった [màíráꜜnàkàttà]
Formal 参ります いりま [màírímáꜜsù]
Perfective 参った いった [máꜜìttà]
Conjunctive 参って いって [máꜜìttè]
Hypothetical conditional 参れば いれば [máꜜìrèbà]

Verb[edit]

(まい) (mairuまゐる (mawiru)?transitive or intransitive godan (stem (まい) (mairi), past (まい)った (maitta))

Japanese verb pair
causative (まい)らせる
active (まい)
mediopassive (まい)
  1. [from 720] (intransitive, humble) to go
    このエレベーターは(うえ)(まい)ります
    Kono erebētā wa ue e mairimasu.
    This lift is going up.
    では、(まい)ります
    Deha, mairimasu.
    Let us start.
  2. [from early 1000s] (intransitive, humble) to come
    (でん)(しゃ)まいりますdensha ga mairimasu.The train is arriving.
  3. [from late 900s] (intransitive) to visit (typically a place of social or spiritual importance, such as a noble's house or a shrine)
    (はか)(まい)haka ni mairuto visit a grave
    (じん)(じゃ)(まい)jinja ni mairuto visit a shrine
  4. to be overcome, to cede to a superior person or superior circumstances (by extension from the older "go to a superior" sense)
    1. [from late 1500s] (intransitive) to lose to an opponent
      (まい)ったな。maitta na.You got me.
    2. [from early 1900s] (intransitive) to be bothered, overwhelmed, done in by circumstances
      (あつ)(まい)
      atsusa ni mairu
      to be done in by the heat
    3. [from early 1900s] (intransitive) to die
    4. [from early 1900s] (intransitive) to fall for someone romantically
  5. (transitive, humble, archaic) to go to (Can we verify(is "to go to" transitive? What is this definition supposed to mean?%7c%E5%8F%82%E3%82%8B%5D%5D +) this sense?)
  6. [late 900s—???] (transitive, humble, archaic) to serve someone in some capacity, to do something for someone
  7. [1478—???] (transitive, humble, archaic) a 脇付 (wakizuke, respectful title written after an addressee's name) on the side of a formal letter

Conjugation[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. 1.0 1.1 ”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, Nihon Kokugo Daijiten)[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  3. 3.0 3.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006) 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998) NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
  5. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997) 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN