Japanese[edit]
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Etymology[edit]
Shortened from 吠瑠璃 (beiruri), itself from Middle Chinese 吠瑠璃 (bjojH liou liɛ), a phonetic transcription of Sanskrit वैडूर्य (vaiḍūrya, “cat's-eye, beryl”).[1][2] Some scholars suggest that the source term might instead have been Pali veḷuriya or veḷuriyaṁ (“precious stone, maybe lapis lazuli”), itself derived from the Sanskrit term.[3][4]
Pronunciation[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
瑠璃 (hiragana るり, romaji ruri)
- lapis lazuli
- the deep blue color of lapis lazuli: azure
- common name for various blue thrushes (birds) in family Turdidae, such as the 大瑠璃 (ōruri, “blue and white flycatcher, Cyanoptila cyanomelana”) or 小瑠璃 (koruri, “Siberian blue robin, Luscinia cyane”)
- (mineralogy, geology) lazurite
- The term 青金石 (seikinseki) is used more specifically for this sense.
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms
- 瑠璃色 (るりいろ, ruriiro): azure blue
- 瑠璃貝 (るりがい, rurigai): pelagic marine snails of genus Janthina
- 瑠璃懸巣 (るりかけす, ruri kakesu): a jaybird, Lidth's jay: Garrulus lidthi
- 瑠璃瓦 (るりがわら, rurigawara): a kawara tile with a glossy blue glaze, commonly used in roofing in Japan
- 瑠璃観音 (るりかんのん, Ruri Kannon): one of the 33 manifestations of Kannon (観音), the Buddha or goddess of mercy, depicted standing on a lotus leaf floating in the water, with incense in her right hand and a lotus blossom in her left hand
- 瑠璃釉 (るりぐすり, rurigusuri): a slip containing powdered cobalt and applied to ceramics to achieve a deep blue color after firing
- 瑠璃光如来 (るりこうにょらい, Rurikō Nyorai): another name for 薬師如来 (Yakushi Nyorai), the medicine Buddha
- 瑠璃紺 (るりこん, ruri kon): a deep blue and glossy piece of lapis lazuli; a deep blue color, the color of lapis lazuli
- 瑠璃小灰 (るりしじみ, ruri shijimi): the Holly Blue butterfly, Celastrina argiolus
- 瑠璃草 (るりそう, ruri sō): navelwort: a flowering plant of genus Omphalodes in family Boraginaceae, native to the mountainous regions of Honshū and Hokkaidō; alternate name for related plant 蛍葛 (hotaru kazura), Lithospermum zollingeri
- 瑠璃蛺 (るりたては, ruri tateha): the Blue Admiral butterfly, Kaniska canace
- 瑠璃鳥 (るりちょう, ruri chō): the Taiwan whistling thrush or Formosan whistling thrush, Myophonus insularis
- 瑠璃灯 (るりとう, ruri tō): a kind of hexagonal lamp used in the Ōbaku sect of Zen, covered in thin silk and containing a candela made of lapis lazuli, and hung in the main hall of temples
- 瑠璃虎の尾 (るりとらのお, ruri tora no o): “azure tiger's tail”, Veronica subsessilis
- 瑠璃繁縷 (るりはこべ, ruri hakobe): poorman's weatherglass, Anagallis foemina, a low-growing herbaceous annual plant
- 瑠璃鶲 (るりびたき, ruribitaki): the red-flanked bluetail, orange-flanked bush-robin, or Siberian bluechat, Tarsiger cyanurus
- 瑠璃溝隠 (るりみぞかくし, ruri mizokakushi): a flowering herbaceous perennial plant, the edging lobelia, garden lobelia or trailing lobelia, Lobelia erinus
- 瑠璃実の樹 (るりみのき, ruri mi no ki): an evergreen shrub of genus Lasianthus, native to the Izu Peninsula
- 瑠璃ムスカリ (るりむすかり, ruri musukari): azure muscari, perennial bulbous plants native to Eurasia, of genus Muscari
- 瑠璃柳 (るりやなぎ, ruri yanagi): waxy-leaf nightshade, a flowering shrub, Solanum melanoxylon
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Synonyms[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
- ^ 1985, The Golden Peaches of Samarkand, Edward H Schafer, University of California Press, Los Angeles, 398 pp.
- ^ 1917, Field Museum of Natural History: 1909, “The Beginnings of Porcelain in China”, Berthold Laufer and Henry Windsor Nichols, The Museum, p138:
- The glassy paste for the production of ceramic glazes was called liu-li 琉璃 (in the Han Annals 流離) or p'i-liu-li, derived from Prākrit veluriya, Mahārāshṭrī verulia (Sanskrit vaiḍūrya).
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3
