τρέφω
Ancient Greek
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Proto-Hellenic *tʰrépʰō with deaspiration of the /tʰ/ to /t/ by Grassmann's law everywhere except in forms where the /pʰ/ has been deaspirated to /p/ by a following consonant (future, first aorist, perfect middle). According to Beekes, Lua error in Module:parameters at line 331: Parameter 2 should be a valid language, etymology language or family code; the value "pregrc" is not valid. See WT:LOL, WT:LOL/E and WT:LOF. substratum word. Within Indo-European it is usually compared to Lithuanian drìbti (“to fall down in flakes”) and drė̃bti (“to throw a thick fluid”) but with unclear semantic connection, as well as expressions for "dregs" in Celtic, Germanic and Slavic, linking it to Proto-Indo-European *dʰrebʰ-.
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /tré.pʰɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈtre.pʰo/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈtre.ɸo/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈtre.fo/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈtre.fo/
Verb
τρέφω • (tréphō)
- to thicken, congeal, curdle
- to make to grow, to increase, bring up, breed, rear (especially of children)
- to maintain, support
- to bring up, rear, educate
- the passive sometimes came to mean little more than "to be"
Inflection
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἔτρεφον | ἔτρεφες | ἔτρεφε(ν) | ἐτρέφετον | ἐτρεφέτην | ἐτρέφομεν | ἐτρέφετε | ἔτρεφον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐτρεφόμην | ἐτρέφου | ἐτρέφετο | ἐτρέφεσθον | ἐτρεφέσθην | ἐτρεφόμεθᾰ | ἐτρέφεσθε | ἐτρέφοντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | θρέψω | θρέψεις | θρέψει | θρέψετον | θρέψετον | θρέψομεν | θρέψετε | θρέψουσῐ(ν) | ||||
optative | θρέψοιμῐ | θρέψοις | θρέψοι | θρέψοιτον | θρεψοίτην | θρέψοιμεν | θρέψοιτε | θρέψοιεν | |||||
middle | indicative | θρέψομαι | θρέψῃ, θρέψει |
θρέψεται | θρέψεσθον | θρέψεσθον | θρεψόμεθᾰ | θρέψεσθε | θρέψονται | ||||
optative | θρεψοίμην | θρέψοιο | θρέψοιτο | θρέψοισθον | θρεψοίσθην | θρεψοίμεθᾰ | θρέψοισθε | θρέψοιντο | |||||
passive | indicative | τρᾰφήσομαι | τρᾰφήσῃ | τρᾰφήσεται | τρᾰφήσεσθον | τρᾰφήσεσθον | τρᾰφησόμεθᾰ | τρᾰφήσεσθε | τρᾰφήσονται | ||||
optative | τρᾰφησοίμην | τρᾰφήσοιο | τρᾰφήσοιτο | τρᾰφήσοισθον | τρᾰφησοίσθην | τρᾰφησοίμεθᾰ | τρᾰφήσοισθε | τρᾰφήσοιντο | |||||
active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
infinitive | θρέψειν | θρέψεσθαι | τρᾰφήσεσθαι | ||||||||||
participle | m | θρέψων | θρεψόμενος | τρᾰφησόμενος | |||||||||
f | θρέψουσᾰ | θρεψομένη | τρᾰφησομένη | ||||||||||
n | θρέψον | θρεψόμενον | τρᾰφησόμενον | ||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | τέτροφᾰ | τέτροφᾰς | τέτροφε(ν) | τετρόφᾰτον | τετρόφᾰτον | τετρόφᾰμεν | τετρόφᾰτε | τετρόφᾱσῐ(ν) | ||||
subjunctive | τετρόφω | τετρόφῃς | τετρόφῃ | τετρόφητον | τετρόφητον | τετρόφωμεν | τετρόφητε | τετρόφωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | τετρόφοιμῐ, τετροφοίην |
τετρόφοις, τετροφοίης |
τετρόφοι, τετροφοίη |
τετρόφοιτον | τετροφοίτην | τετρόφοιμεν | τετρόφοιτε | τετρόφοιεν | |||||
imperative | τέτροφε | τετροφέτω | τετρόφετον | τετροφέτων | τετρόφετε | τετροφόντων | |||||||
active | |||||||||||||
infinitive | τετροφέναι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | τετροφώς | |||||||||||
f | τετροφυῖᾰ | ||||||||||||
n | τετροφός | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Derived terms
- ἀνατρέφω (anatréphō)
- ἀντεκτρέφω (antektréphō)
- ἀντιτρέφω (antitréphō)
- ἀποτρέφω (apotréphō)
- διατρέφω (diatréphō)
- ἐκτρέφω (ektréphō)
- ἐντρέφω (entréphō)
- ἐπανατρέφω (epanatréphō)
- ἐπιτρέφω (epitréphō)
- θρεπτῐκός (threptikós)
- ἰχθυοτρόφος (ikhthuotróphos)
- μετατρέφω (metatréphō)
- παρατρέφω (paratréphō)
- περιτρέφω (peritréphō)
- προσανατρέφω (prosanatréphō)
- προστρέφω (prostréphō)
- προτρέφω (protréphō)
- προϋποτρέφω (proüpotréphō)
- συμπαρατρέφω (sumparatréphō)
- συνανατρέφω (sunanatréphō)
- συνδιατρέφω (sundiatréphō)
- συνεκτρέφω (sunektréphō)
- συντρέφω (suntréphō)
- τρόφος (tróphos)
- ὑποτρέφω (hupotréphō)
Further reading
- “τρέφω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “τρέφω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “τρέφω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- τρέφω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- τρέφω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “τρέφω”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G5142 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1504ff
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- board idem, page 86.
- breed idem, page 97.
- bring idem, page 99.
- cater idem, page 118.
- cherish idem, page 129.
- cultivate idem, page 188.
- educate idem, page 262.
- entertain idem, page 277.
- fatten idem, page 310.
- feed idem, page 313.
- foster idem, page 340.
- grow idem, page 376.
- harbour idem, page 385.
- keep idem, page 467.
- maintain idem, page 508.
- nourish idem, page 562.
- nurse idem, page 563.
- nurture idem, page 563.
- rear idem, page 676.
- support idem, page 841.
- sustain idem, page 846.
- teach idem, page 859.
- train idem, page 886.
Greek
Etymology
From (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Ancient Greek.
Verb
τρέφω • (tréfo) (past έθρεψα, passive τρέφομαι)
- (transitive) feed, nourish, maintain
- (intransitive) heal, be raised
Conjugation
- Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Hellenic
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Hellenic
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek 2-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek verbs
- Ancient Greek paroxytone terms
- Ancient Greek poetic terms
- Greek terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Greek lemmas
- Greek verbs
- Greek transitive verbs
- Greek intransitive verbs