τρέχω

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• τράχω (trákhō) — Doric

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰregʰ- (“to run”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /tré.kʰɔː/ → /ˈtre.xo/ → /ˈtre.xo/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /tré.kʰɔː/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈtre.kʰo/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈtre.xo/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈtre.xo/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈtre.xo/

Verb

τρέχω • (trékhō)

1. (of people) to run
   1. (of things) to move quickly
2. to run over
   1. to run a course, a heat

Inflection

The verb is suppleted with forms from δρᾰμοῦμαι (dramoûmai), for the future and aorist (from *δρέμω (*drémō)). The synonym θέω (théō) also is suppleted by the same forms.

   Present: τρέχω

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	τρέχω	τρέχεις	τρέχει	τρέχετον	τρέχετον	τρέχομεν	τρέχετε	τρέχουσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	τρέχω	τρέχῃς	τρέχῃ	τρέχητον	τρέχητον	τρέχωμεν	τρέχητε	τρέχωσῐ(ν)
	optative	τρέχοιμῐ	τρέχοις	τρέχοι	τρέχοιτον	τρεχοίτην	τρέχοιμεν	τρέχοιτε	τρέχοιεν
	imperative		τρέχε	τρεχέτω	τρέχετον	τρεχέτων		τρέχετε	τρεχόντων
		active
infinitive		τρέχειν
participle	m	τρέχων
	f	τρέχουσᾰ
	n	τρέχον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Imperfect: ἔτρεχον

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἔτρεχον	ἔτρεχες	ἔτρεχε(ν)	ἐτρέχετον	ἐτρεχέτην	ἐτρέχομεν	ἐτρέχετε	ἔτρεχον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Future: θρέξομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle	indicative	θρέξομαι	θρέξῃ, θρέξει	θρέξεται	θρέξεσθον	θρέξεσθον	θρεξόμεθᾰ	θρέξεσθε	θρέξονται
	optative	θρεξοίμην	θρέξοιο	θρέξοιτο	θρέξοισθον	θρεξοίσθην	θρεξοίμεθᾰ	θρέξοισθε	θρέξοιντο
					middle
infinitive					θρέξεσθαι
participle	m				θρεξόμενος
	f				θρεξομένη
	n				θρεξόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Future: δρᾰμέομαι (Uncontracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle	indicative	δρᾰμέομαι	δρᾰμέῃ, δρᾰμέει	δρᾰμέεται	δρᾰμέεσθον	δρᾰμέεσθον	δρᾰμεόμεθᾰ	δρᾰμέεσθε	δρᾰμέονται
	optative	δρᾰμεοίμην	δρᾰμέοιο	δρᾰμέοιτο	δρᾰμέοισθον	δρᾰμεοίσθην	δρᾰμεοίμεθᾰ	δρᾰμέοισθε	δρᾰμέοιντο
					middle
infinitive					δρᾰμέεσθαι
participle	m				δρᾰμεόμενος
	f				δρᾰμεομένη
	n				δρᾰμεόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Future: δρᾰμοῦμαι (Contracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle	indicative	δρᾰμοῦμαι	δρᾰμῇ	δρᾰμεῖται	δρᾰμεῖσθον	δρᾰμεῖσθον	δρᾰμούμεθᾰ	δρᾰμεῖσθε	δρᾰμοῦνται
	optative	δρᾰμοίμην	δρᾰμοῖο	δρᾰμοῖτο	δρᾰμοῖσθον	δρᾰμοίσθην	δρᾰμοίμεθᾰ	δρᾰμοῖσθε	δρᾰμοῖντο
					middle
infinitive					δρᾰμεῖσθαι
participle	m				δρᾰμούμενος
	f				δρᾰμουμένη
	n				δρᾰμούμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Aorist: ἔθρεξᾰ

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἔθρεξᾰ	ἔθρεξᾰς	ἔθρεξε(ν)	ἐθρέξᾰτον	ἐθρεξᾰ́την	ἐθρέξᾰμεν	ἐθρέξᾰτε	ἔθρεξᾰν
	subjunctive	θρέξω	θρέξῃς	θρέξῃ	θρέξητον	θρέξητον	θρέξωμεν	θρέξητε	θρέξωσῐ(ν)
	optative	θρέξαιμῐ	θρέξειᾰς, θρέξαις	θρέξειε(ν), θρέξαι	θρέξαιτον	θρεξαίτην	θρέξαιμεν	θρέξαιτε	θρέξειᾰν, θρέξαιεν
	imperative		θρέξον	θρεξᾰ́τω	θρέξᾰτον	θρεξᾰ́των		θρέξᾰτε	θρεξᾰ́ντων
		active
infinitive		θρέξαι
participle	m	θρέξᾱς
	f	θρέξᾱσᾰ
	n	θρέξᾰν
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Aorist: ἔδρᾰμον

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἔδρᾰμον	ἔδρᾰμες	ἔδρᾰμε(ν)	ἐδρᾰ́μετον	ἐδρᾰμέτην	ἐδρᾰ́μομεν	ἐδρᾰ́μετε	ἔδρᾰμον
	subjunctive	δρᾰ́μω	δρᾰ́μῃς	δρᾰ́μῃ	δρᾰ́μητον	δρᾰ́μητον	δρᾰ́μωμεν	δρᾰ́μητε	δρᾰ́μωσῐ(ν)
	optative	δρᾰ́μοιμῐ	δρᾰ́μοις	δρᾰ́μοι	δρᾰ́μοιτον	δρᾰμοίτην	δρᾰ́μοιμεν	δρᾰ́μοιτε	δρᾰ́μοιεν
	imperative		δρᾰ́με	δρᾰμέτω	δρᾰ́μετον	δρᾰμέτων		δρᾰ́μετε	δρᾰμόντων
		active
infinitive		δρᾰμεῖν
participle	m	δρᾰμών
	f	δρᾰμοῦσᾰ
	n	δρᾰμόν
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Perfect: δεδρᾰ́μηκᾰ

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	δεδρᾰ́μηκᾰ	δεδρᾰ́μηκᾰς	δεδρᾰ́μηκε(ν)	δεδρᾰμήκᾰτον	δεδρᾰμήκᾰτον	δεδρᾰμήκᾰμεν	δεδρᾰμήκᾰτε	δεδρᾰμήκᾱσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	δεδρᾰμήκω	δεδρᾰμήκῃς	δεδρᾰμήκῃ	δεδρᾰμήκητον	δεδρᾰμήκητον	δεδρᾰμήκωμεν	δεδρᾰμήκητε	δεδρᾰμήκωσῐ(ν)
	optative	δεδρᾰμήκοιμῐ, δεδρᾰμηκοίην	δεδρᾰμήκοις, δεδρᾰμηκοίης	δεδρᾰμήκοι, δεδρᾰμηκοίη	δεδρᾰμήκοιτον	δεδρᾰμηκοίτην	δεδρᾰμήκοιμεν	δεδρᾰμήκοιτε	δεδρᾰμήκοιεν
	imperative		δεδρᾰ́μηκε	δεδρᾰμηκέτω	δεδρᾰμήκετον	δεδρᾰμηκέτων		δεδρᾰμήκετε	δεδρᾰμηκόντων
		active
infinitive		δεδρᾰμηκέναι
participle	m	δεδρᾰμηκώς
	f	δεδρᾰμηκυῖᾰ
	n	δεδρᾰμηκός
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Related terms

• δρόμος (drómos) (related to the suppletive aorist root)
• τροχάζω (trokházō, “run quickly”)
• τροχή (trokhḗ)
• τρόχις (trókhis)
• τροχίλος (trokhílos)

Further reading

• “τρέχω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “τρέχω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “τρέχω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• τρέχω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• τρέχω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• “τρέχω”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• G5143 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

Greek

Etymology

Inherited from Ancient Greek τρέχω (trékhō), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰregʰ- (“to run”).

Verb

τρέχω • (trécho) (past έτρεξα, passive —)

1. to run, move quickly, sprint

   Έτρεξα για να προλάβω το τρένο.

   Étrexa gia na prolávo to tréno.

   I ran to catch the train.

2. to flee, run away
3. to flow, flow from, run

   Τρέχει η μύτη μου.

   Tréchei i mýti mou.

   My nose is running.

   Το ποτάμι τρέχει

   To potámi tréchei

   The river flows.

4. to run, execute (a computer or computer program)

   Θα μπορούμε να τρέχουμε προγράμματα Windows.

   Tha boroúme na tréchoume prográmmata Windows.

   We shall be able to run Windows programs.

Conjugation

τρέχω   (active forms only)

	Active voice ➤
Indicative mood ➤	Imperfective aspect ➤	Perfective aspect ➤
Non-past tenses ➤	Present ➤	Dependent ➤
1 sg	τρέχω	τρέξω
2 sg	τρέχεις	τρέξεις
3 sg	τρέχει	τρέξει
1 pl	τρέχουμε, [‑ομε]	τρέξουμε, [‑ομε]
2 pl	τρέχετε	τρέξετε
3 pl	τρέχουν(ε)	τρέξουν(ε)
Past tenses ➤	Imperfect ➤	Simple past ➤
1 sg	έτρεχα	έτρεξα
2 sg	έτρεχες	έτρεξες
3 sg	έτρεχε	έτρεξε
1 pl	τρέχαμε	τρέξαμε
2 pl	τρέχατε	τρέξατε
3 pl	έτρεχαν, τρέχαν(ε)	έτρεξαν, τρέξαν(ε)
Future tenses ➤	Continuous ➤	Simple ➤
1 sg	θα τρέχω ➤	θα τρέξω ➤
2,3 sg, 1,2,3 pl	θα τρέχεις, …	θα τρέξεις, …
	Perfect aspect ➤
Present perfect ➤	έχω, έχεις, … τρέξει
Past perfect ➤	είχα, είχες, … τρέξει
Future perfect ➤	θα έχω, θα έχεις, … τρέξει
Subjunctive mood ➤	Formed using present, dependent (for simple past) or present perfect from above with a particle (να, ας).
Imperative mood ➤	Imperfective aspect	Perfective aspect
2 sg	τρέχε	τρέξε, τρέχα
2 pl	τρέχετε	τρέξτε, τρεχάτε
Other forms
Active present participle ➤	τρέχοντας1 ➤
Active perfect participle ➤	έχοντας τρέξει ➤
Passive perfect participle ➤	—
Nonfinite form ➤	τρέξει
Notes     Appendix:Greek verbs	1. Also formal present participle ο τρέχων, η τρέχουσα, το τρέχον (“currently in effect”).  • Plus forms τρεχούμενος, -η, -ο, τρεχάμενος, -η, -ο with endings of passive perfect participles  • (…) optional or informal.   […] rare.   {…} learned, archaic.  • Multiple forms are shown in order of reducing frequency.  • Periphrastic imperative forms may be produced using the subjunctive.