раковина

Bulgarian

Etymology

Formed from ра́ка (ráka, “old-style casket, chest”) (historical, outdated) +‎ -овина (-ovina). At least the secondary meaning cavity, flaw (if not the word itself) is borrowed from Russian ра́ковина (rákovina).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈrakovinɐ]
• IPA^(key): [rɐkoˈvinɐ]

Noun

ра́ковина or ракови́на • (rákovina or rakovína) f

1. shell (exoskeleton of mollusca, typically snails, rapana, mussels)

   Synonym: черу́пка (čerúpka)

2. (material science) blister, cavity, blowhole, flaw (formed during the solidification of a melted material, e.g. metal, concrete)

Declension

Declension of ра́ковина, ракови́на

	singular	plural
indefinite	ра́ковина, ракови́на rákovina, rakovína	ра́ковини, ракови́ни rákovini, rakovíni
definite	ра́ковината, ракови́ната rákovinata, rakovínata	ра́ковините, ракови́ните rákovinite, rakovínite

Related terms

• ра́кла (rákla, “coffer, chest”)

References

• “раковина”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
• “раковина”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010

Russian

раковина

Etymology

Inherited from Old East Slavic раковина (rakovina, “mother of pearl”). Per Vasmer, from Proto-Slavic *orky (“shell”) (genitive *orkъve) + *-ina, from Proto-Germanic *arkō (“chest, coffer”), from Latin arca (“chest, coffer, coffin”). Cognate with ра́ка (ráka, “shrine of a saint, originally coffin”), from the same Latin source, and with Slovene rákəv (“coffin, crypt”), Czech rakev (“coffin”), rakvice (“shell”), Slovak rakev (“box”), Polabian rakåí (“box”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈrakəvʲɪnə]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

ра́ковина • (rákovina) f inan (genitive ра́ковины, nominative plural ра́ковины, genitive plural ра́ковин, diminutive раку́шка or ра́кушка)

1. shell (hard calcareous external covering of mollusks)
2. (anatomy) pinna, auricle, helix (the external ear)
3. sink, washbowl, basin, bowl
4. vesicle
5. bandstand
6. (metallurgy) blister, cavity, bubble, flaw, blowhole

Declension

Declension of ра́ковина (inan fem-form hard-stem accent-a) 

	singular	plural
nominative	ра́ковина rákovina	ра́ковины rákoviny
genitive	ра́ковины rákoviny	ра́ковин rákovin
dative	ра́ковине rákovine	ра́ковинам rákovinam
accusative	ра́ковину rákovinu	ра́ковины rákoviny
instrumental	ра́ковиной, ра́ковиною rákovinoj, rákovinoju	ра́ковинами rákovinami
prepositional	ра́ковине rákovine	ра́ковинах rákovinax

Synonyms

• раку́шка (rakúška)
• умыва́льник (umyválʹnik)
• каверна (kaverna)

Related terms

• раковинка (rakovinka)
• ракушечник (rakušečnik)

Descendants

• → Georgian: რაკოვინა (raḳovina)
• → Uzbek: rakovina

Ukrainian

Etymology

From Old Polish *rakovina, ultimately related to Ancient Greek κάρυον (káruon, “nut, shell”) or from Latin arca (“chest, coffer”), via Old East Slavic and Proto-Slavic. Shares roots with Ukrainian ра́к (rák, “crayfish”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈrakɔʋenɐ]

Noun

ра́ковина • (rákovyna) f inan (genitive ра́ковини, nominative plural ра́ковини, genitive plural ра́ковиен)

1. A shell, seashell.
2. A sink, washbasin.

   Hyponyms: умива́льник (umyválʹnyk, “bathroom washbasin”), ми́йка (mýjka, “kitchen sink”)

   Раковина на кухні забилася. ― Rakovyna na kuxni zabylasja. ― The sink in the kitchen is clogged.

3. (Anatomy, Technical) A natural or formed cavity.

   ушна́ ра́ковина ― ušná rákovyna ― auricle (of the ear)

   раковина у мета́лі ― rakovyna u metáli ― cavity/blowhole in metal

Declension

Declension of ра́ковина
(inan hard fem-form accent-a reduc)

	singular	plural
nominative	ра́ковина rákovyna	ра́ковини rákovyny
genitive	ра́ковини rákovyny	ра́ковиен rákovyen
dative	ра́ковині rákovyni	ра́ковинам rákovynam
accusative	ра́ковину rákovynu	ра́ковини rákovyny
instrumental	ра́ковиною rákovynoju	ра́ковинами rákovynamy
locative	ра́ковині rákovyni	ра́ковинах rákovynax
vocative	ра́ковино rákovyno	ра́ковини rákovyny

Derived terms

• ракови́нка f (rakovýnka)
• ракови́нний (rakovýnnyj)

Further reading

• Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “раковина”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
• Shyrokov, V. A., editor (2017), “раковина”, in Словник української мови: у 20 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 20 vols] (in Ukrainian), volumes 8 (л – мішу́рний), Kyiv: Ukrainian Lingua-Information Fund, →ISBN
• A. Rysin, V. Starko, Yu. Marchenko, O. Telemko, et al. (compilers, 2007–2022), “раковина”, in Russian-Ukrainian Dictionaries
• A. Rysin, V. Starko, et al. (compilers, 2011–2020), “раковина”, in English–Ukrainian Dictionaries
• “раковина”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
• “раковина”, in Kyiv Dictionary (in English)
• “раковина”, in Словник.ua [Slovnyk.ua] (in Ukrainian)