храм

Belarusian

Alternative forms

• chram — Łacinka (Belarusian Latin alphabet)

Etymology

Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic храмъ (xramŭ) via Old East Slavic храмъ (xramŭ), from Proto-Slavic *xormъ. Doublet of хо́рам (xóram) from хоромъ (xoromŭ).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [xram]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

храм • (xram) m inan (genitive хра́ма, nominative plural хра́мы, genitive plural хра́маў)

1. temple
2. shrine

Declension

Declension of храм (inan hard masc-form accent-a)

	singular	plural
nominative	храм xram	хра́мы xrámy
genitive	хра́ма xráma	хра́маў xrámaw
dative	хра́му xrámu	хра́мам xrámam
accusative	храм xram	хра́мы xrámy
instrumental	хра́мам xrámam	хра́мамі xrámami
locative	хра́ме xrámje	хра́мах xrámax
count form	—	хра́мы1 xrámy1

¹Used with the numbers 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.

References

• “храм” in Belarusian–Russian dictionaries and Belarusian dictionaries at slounik.org

Bulgarian

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Slavic *xormъ

Old Church Slavonic храмъ (xramŭ)

Bulgarian храм

Inherited from Old Church Slavonic храмъ (xramŭ), from Proto-Slavic *xormъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [xram]

• Audio (Standard Bulgarian):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -am

Noun

храм • (hram) m (relational adjective хра́мов, diminutive хра́мче)

1. temple
2. (also figuratively) shrine

Declension

Declension of храм

	singular	plural
indefinite	храм hram	хра́мове hrámove
definite (subject form)	хра́мът hrámǎt	хра́мовете hrámovete
definite (object form)	хра́ма hráma
count form	—	хра́ма hráma

References

• “храм”, in БЕРОН (Български езикови ресурси онлайн) [BERON (Bulgarian Language Resources Online)] (in Bulgarian), Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2024
• “храм”, in Infolex Bulgarian Dictionary (in Bulgarian), Institute for Bulgarian Language, 2014
• “храм”, in ЛексИт [LexIt] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
• “храм”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
• “храм”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010

Further reading

• Nayden Gerov (1895–1908), Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ. Съ тлъкувание рѣчи-тꙑ на Блъгарскꙑ и на Русскꙑ. [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language] (in Bulgarian), Plovdiv: Дружествена печꙗтница "Съгласие."
• “храмъ”, in Старобългарски речник [Dictionary of Old Bulgarian] (in Bulgarian), https://histdict.uni-sofia.bg, 2011—2026

Kazakh

Alternative scripts

Arabic	حرام
Cyrillic	храм
Latin	xram

Etymology

Borrowed from Russian храм (xram).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [xram]

Noun

храм • (xram)

1. temple

Declension

Declension of храм

	singular	plural
nominative	храм (xram)	храмдар (xramdar)
genitive	храмның (xramnyñ)	храмдардың (xramdardyñ)
dative	храмға (xramğa)	храмдарға (xramdarğa)
accusative	храмды (xramdy)	храмдарды (xramdardy)
locative	храмда (xramda)	храмдарда (xramdarda)
ablative	храмнан (xramnan)	храмдардан (xramdardan)
instrumental	храммен (xrammen)	храмдармен (xramdarmen)
similative	храмдай (xramdai)	храмдарда (xramdarda)

Synonyms

• ғибадатхана (ğibadatxana)

Macedonian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *xormъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [xram]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: храм

Noun

храм • (hram) m (plural храмови)

1. (religion) temple (a building for worship, a church)
2. (religion) shrine
3. ecclesiastical glory
4. (figuratively) temple (а place where something sublime is done; a place that commands respect)

Declension

Declension of храм

	singular	plural
indefinite	храм (hram)	храмови (hramovi)
definite unspecified	храмот (hramot)	храмовите (hramovite)
definite proximal	храмов (hramov)	храмовиве (hramovive)
definite distal	храмон (hramon)	храмовине (hramovine)
vocative	храму (hramu)	храмови (hramovi)
count form	—	храма (hrama)

References

• “храм” in Дигитален речник на македонскиот јазик (Digitalen rečnik na makedonskiot jazik) [Digital dictionary of the Macedonian language] − drmj.eu

Russian

Alternative forms

• храмъ (xram) — pre-1918 spelling

Etymology

Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic храмъ (xramŭ) via Old East Slavic храмъ (xramŭ), from Proto-Slavic *xormъ. Doublet of хоро́мы (xorómy) from хоромъ (xoromŭ).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [xram]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

храм • (xram) m inan (genitive хра́ма, nominative plural хра́мы, genitive plural хра́мов, relational adjective хра́мовый, diminutive хра́мик)

1. temple, shrine

   храм Артеми́ды Эфе́сской ― xram Artemídy Efésskoj ― the Temple of Artemis at Ephesus

2. (Christianity) church, cathedral (a place of Christian worship that has an altar)

   храм Васи́лия Блаже́нного ― xram Vasílija Blažénnovo ― Saint Basil's Cathedral

3. (also figuratively, poetic) shrine

Declension

Declension of храм (inan masc-form hard-stem accent-a) 

	singular	plural
nominative	хра́м xrám	хра́мы xrámy
genitive	хра́ма xráma	хра́мов xrámov
dative	хра́му xrámu	хра́мам xrámam
accusative	хра́м xrám	хра́мы xrámy
instrumental	хра́мом xrámom	хра́мами xrámami
prepositional	хра́ме xráme	хра́мах xrámax

Hyponyms

• (temple): капище (kapišče) (pagan), мече́ть (mečétʹ) (Muslim), синаго́га (sinagóga) (Jewish)
• (Christian place of worship): це́рковь (cérkovʹ), собо́р (sobór); костёл (kostjól) (Catholic); ки́рха (kírxa) (Lutheran)

Descendants

• → Kazakh: храм (xram)

References

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “храм”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *xormъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /xrâːm/

Noun

хра̑м m inan (Latin spelling hrȃm)

1. temple
2. shrine
3. holy ground

Declension

Declension of храм

	singular	plural
nominative	хра̑м	хра́мови
genitive	храма	храмова
dative	храму	храмовима
accusative	храм	храмове
vocative	храме	храмови
locative	храму	храмовима
instrumental	храмом	храмовима

Ukrainian

Etymology

Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic храмъ (xramŭ) via Old East Slavic храмъ (xramŭ). Doublet of хоро́м (xoróm) from хоромъ (xoromŭ). For sense as patrons saint's day, compare Romanian hram.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [xram]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

храм • (xram) m inan (genitive хра́ма, nominative plural хра́ми, genitive plural хра́мів)

1. temple
2. shrine
3. (Christianity) a church
4. (Pokuttia–Bukovina, Canadian) the feast day of a church's patron's saint, kermis

   Synonym: празник (praznyk)

Declension

Declension of храм
(inan hard masc-form accent-a)

	singular	plural
nominative	храм xram	хра́ми xrámy
genitive	хра́ма xráma	хра́мів xrámiv
dative	хра́мові, хра́му xrámovi, xrámu	хра́мам xrámam
accusative	храм xram	хра́ми xrámy
instrumental	хра́мом xrámom	хра́мами xrámamy
locative	хра́мі xrámi	хра́мах xrámax
vocative	хра́ме xráme	хра́ми xrámy

References

• Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “храм”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
• “храм”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horox – Slovozmina, Horokh – Inflection]‎^[1]