שלום

Hebrew

Root
שׁ־ל־ם (sh-l-m)
15 terms

Pronunciation

• (reconstructed Biblical) IPA^(key): /ʃaːˈloːm/, [ʃaːˈloːm]
• (Tiberian) IPA^(key): /ʃɔˈlom/, [ʃɔːˈloːm]
• (Ashkenazi) IPA^(key): /ʃɔˈloɪm/, /ˈʃɔ.loɪm/
• (Modern Israeli) IPA^(key): /ʃaˈlom/

• Audio:

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• Audio:

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Etymology 1

Etymologically related to שָׁלָה (šālâ, “to be quiet, tranquil”). Compare also שָׁלַו (šālaw, “to be quiet, at ease”). Common Northwest Semitic, Phoenician 𐤔𐤋𐤌 (šlm /⁠šalōm⁠/), Aramaic שְׁלָמָא (šlāmā) / ܫܠܡܐ (šlāmā), Ugaritic 𐎌𐎍𐎎 (šlm /⁠šalāmu⁠/). Cognate with Arabic سلام (salām).

Noun

שָׁלוֹם • (shalóm) m (no plural forms, singular construct שְׁלוֹם־) [pattern: קָטוֹל]

1. (uncountable) peace
   • Tanach, Leviticus 26:6, with translation of the Jewish Publication Society:

     וְנָתַתִּי שָׁלוֹם בָּאָרֶץ וּשְׁכַבְתֶּם וְאֵין מַחֲרִיד וְהִשְׁבַּתִּי חַיָּה רָעָה מִן־הָאָרֶץ וְחֶרֶב לֹא־תַעֲבֹר בְּאַרְצְכֶם׃

     v'natatí shalóm ba'árets ush'khavtém v'én makharíd v'hisbatí khayá ra'á min-ha'árets v'khérev lo-ta'avór b'arts'khém.
     wənāṯattī šālōm bāʾā́reṣ ūšəḵaḇtem wəʾēn maḥărīḏ wəhišbattī ḥayyā rāʿā min-hāʾā́reṣ wəḥéreḇ lō-ṯaʿăḇōr bəʾarṣəḵem.

     And I will give peace in the land, and ye shall lie down, and none shall make you afraid; and I will cause evil beasts to cease out of the land, neither shall the sword go through your land.

   • 1977, Uzi Hitman, “נוֹלַדְתִּי לַשָּׁלוֹם [I Was Born for Peace]”:

     אני נולדתי לשלום שרק יגיע / אני נולדתי לשלום שרק יבוא

     aní noládti lashalóm sherák yagía / aní noládti lashalóm sherák yavó

     I was born for peace, that it may finally arrive / I was born for peace, that it may finally come

2. (uncountable, archaic) rest, quietude

   שַׁבָּת שָׁלוֹם! ― shabát shalóm! ― Peaceful Sabbath!

3. (uncountable, formal) well-being, welfare

   מַה שְּׁלוֹמְךָ? ― má sh'lom'khá? ― How are you?

   • Tanach, 2 Kings 4:26, with translation of the Jewish Publication Society:

     עַתָּה רוּץ־נָא לִקְרָאתָהּ וֶאֱמָר־לָהּ הֲשָׁלוֹם לָךְ הֲשָׁלוֹם לְאִישֵׁךְ הֲשָׁלוֹם לַיָּלֶד וַתֹּאמֶ שָׁלוֹם׃

     atá ruts-ná lik'ratáh ve'emor-láh ha-shalóm lákh ha-shalóm l'ishékh ha-shalóm layáled vatómer shalóm.
     ʿattā rūṣ-nā liqərāṯāh weʾĕmor-lāh hăšālōm lāḵ hăšālōm ləʾīšēḵ hăšālōm layyā́leḏ wattṓmer šālōm.

     Run, I pray thee, now to meet her, and say unto her: ‘Is it well with thee? is it well with thy husband? is it well with the child?’ And she answered: ‘It is well.’

Usage notes

• Only the first sense ("peace") is used productively as a standalone noun in Modern Hebrew. The second sense ("rest") only appears in fixed expressions, and the third sense ("well-being") is almost exclusively used in the construct state, e.g. אני דואג לשלומו (aní do'ég le-shlomó, “I am worried about his well-being”).

Declension

Declension of שָׁלוֹם

	isolated forms		with possessive pronouns
Number:	State:	form	Person:	singular		plural
				m	f	m	f
singular	indefinite	שָׁלוֹם	first	שְׁלוֹמִי		שְׁלוֹמֵנוּ
	definite	הַשָּׁלוֹם	second	שְׁלוֹמְךָ	שְׁלוֹמֵךְ	שְׁלוֹמְכֶם	שְׁלוֹמְכֶן
	construct	שְׁלוֹם־	third	שְׁלוֹמוֹ	שְׁלוֹמָהּ	שְׁלוֹמָם	שְׁלוֹמָן

Derived terms

• אֲבִישָׁלוֹם (avishalóm)
• חַס וְשָׁלוֹם (khas v'shalóm)

Interjection

שָׁלוֹם • (shalóm)

1. hello (conventional greeting)
2. (dated) goodbye

Derived terms

• שַׁבָּת שָׁלוֹם (shabát shalóm)
• שָׁלוֹם עֲלֵיכֶם (shalóm alekhém)
• שְׁלוֹמוֹת (shlomót)

Proper noun

שָׁלוֹם • (shalóm) m

1. A title of God.
2. a male given name, Shalom

Descendants

• → Arabic: شَالُوم (šālōm)
• → Armenian: շալոմ (šalom)
• → Belarusian: шало́м (šalóm)
• → Bulgarian: шало́м (šalóm)
• → Chinese: 沙龍 / 沙龙 (shālóng)
• → Czech: šalóm
• → Dutch: sjalom
• → English: shalom
• → Finnish: šalom
• → French: chalôm
• → Georgian: შალომი (šalomi)
• → German: Schalom
• → Greek: σαλόμ (salóm)
• → Hindi: शालोम (śālom)
• → Hungarian: salom
• → Japanese: シャーローム (shārōmu)
• → Judeo-Tat:

  Latin script: şolum

  Cyrillic script: шолум (şolum)

• → Korean: 샬롬 (syallom)
• → Ladino: shalom
• → Lithuanian: šalom
• → Macedonian: шало́м (šalóm)
• → Malayalam: ശാലോം (śālōṁ)
• → Persian: شالوم (šâlom)
• → Polish: szalom
• → Portuguese: shalom
• → Russian: шало́м (šalóm)
• → Serbo-Croatian: шалом (shalom)
• → Slovak: šalóm
• → Slovene: šalom
• → Spanish: shalom
• → Turkish: şalom
• → Ukrainian: шало́м (šalóm)
• → Yiddish: שלום (sholem)

References

• H7965 in Strong, James (1979), Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible

Etymology 2

Noun

שִׁלּוּם • (shilúm) m (plural indefinite שִׁלּוּמִים, plural construct שִׁלּוּמֵי־)

1. defective spelling of שילום

Yiddish

Etymology

From Hebrew שָׁלוֹם (shalóm, “peace”).

Pronunciation

• (YIVO, Northeastern) IPA^(key): /ˈʃɔ.ɫəm/
• (Mideastern) IPA^(key): /ˈʃuː.ɫəm/
• (Southeastern) IPA^(key): /ˈʃu.ɫəm/

Noun

שלום • (sholem) m

1. peace

Derived terms

• שלומדיק (sholemdik, “peaceful”)

Related terms

• שלום עליכם (sholem aleykhem)

Interjection

שלום • (sholem)

1. shalom (traditional Jewish greeting or farewell)

Proper noun

שלום • (sholem) m

1. a male given name, Shalom

See also

• שלמה (shloyme)