سلام

Arabic

Root
س ل م‎ (s-l-m)

Etymology 1

Semantic loan from Aramaic שְׁלָמָא‎ / ܫܠܵܡܵܐ‎ (šəlāmā, “wholeness, welfare; peace”, used as a greeting)

Cognate with Hebrew שלום‎ (shalóm).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sa.laːm/

• Audio

  (file)

Noun

سَلَام • (salām) m

1. verbal noun of سَلِمَ‎ (salima) (form I), well-being
2. greeting
3. peace

Declension

Declension of noun سَلَام (salām)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	سَلَام salām	السَّلَام‎ as-salām	سَلَام salām
Nominative	سَلَامٌ salāmun	السَّلَامُ‎ as-salāmu	سَلَامُ salāmu
Accusative	سَلَامًا‎ salāman	السَّلَامَ‎ as-salāma	سَلَامَ salāma
Genitive	سَلَامٍ salāmin	السَّلَامِ‎ as-salāmi	سَلَامِ salāmi

Derived terms

• ٱلسَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ‎ (s-salāmu ʕalaykum)
• وَعَلَيْكُمُ ٱلسَّلَامُ‎ (waʕalaykumu s-salāmu)
• عَلَيْهِ ٱلسَّلَامُ‎ (ʕalayhi s-salāmu)
• سَلَامُ ٱللَّٰهِ عَلَيْهِ‎ (salāmu llāhi ʕalayhi)
• عَلَيْهِ ٱلصَّلَاةُ وَٱلسَّلَامُ‎ (ʕalayhi ṣ-ṣalātu was-salāmu)

Interjection

سَلَام • (salām)

1. salutation; greeting

Descendants

• Maltese: sliem
• → Azerbaijani: salam
• → Bashkir: сәләм (säläm)
• → Central Kurdish: سڵاو‎ (siḷaw)
• → Chechen: салам (salam)
• → Chinese:

  Dungan: сэляму (seli͡amu)

  Mandarin: 色蘭／色兰 (sèlán), 薩拉姆／萨拉姆 (sàlāmǔ)

• → Chuvash: салам (salam)
• → Classical Persian: سلام‎ (salām)
  • Dari: سلام‎ (salām)
  • Iranian Persian: سلام‎ (salâm)
  • Tajik: салом (salom)
  • → Bengali: সেলাম (śelam), সালাম (salam)
  • → Gujarati: સલામ (salām)
  • → Hindustani:

    Hindi: सलाम (salām)

    Urdu: سلام‎ (salām)

    • → Mauritian Creole: salam
  • → Kazakh: сәлем (sälem)
  • → Kyrgyz: салам (salam)
  • → Marathi: सलाम (salām)
  • → Mazanderani: سلام‎ (selâm)
  • → Nepali: सलाम (salām)
  • → Punjabi: ਸਲਾਮ (salām)
  • → Pashto: سلام‎ (salām)
  • → Sindhi: (salāmu)

    Arabic script: سَلامُ‎

    Devanagari script: सलामु

  • → Telugu: సలాము (salāmu), సలాం (salāṁ)
  • → Turkmen: salam, selam
  • → Uyghur: سالام‎ (salam)
  • → Uzbek: salom
• → English: salaam
• → Finnish: salaam
• → French: salam
• → Georgian: სალამი (salami)
• → German: Salam
• → Greek: σαλάμ (salám)
• → Hebrew: סלאם‎ (salam)
• → Hungarian: szálem
• → Japanese: サラーム (sarāmu)
• → Korean: 살람 (sallam)
• → Lak: салам (salam)
• → Lezgi: салам (salam)
• → Malagasy: salama
• → Malay: salam
  • Indonesian: salam
• → Maranao: salam
• → Middle Armenian: սալամ (salam), սէլամ (sēlam)
• → Northern Kurdish: selam, silav
• → Ossetian: салам (salam)
• → Ottoman Turkish: سلام‎ (selam), սէլամ (selam)
  • Turkish: selam
  • → Albanian: selam
  • → Cappadocian Greek: σελάμι (selámi)
• → Polish: salam
• → Portuguese: salama
• → Russian: саля́м (saljám), селя́м (seljám), сала́м (salám), сало́м (salóm)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic script: сѐла̄м

  Latin script: sèlām

• → Swahili: salamu, salaam
• → Tatar: сәлам (sälam)
• → Vietnamese: xa-lam

References

• Jeffery, Arthur (1938) The Foreign Vocabulary of the Qurʾān (Gaekwad’s Oriental Series; 79), Baroda: Oriental Institute, page 175

Etymology 2

Belonging to the root س ل م‎ (s-l-m).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /si.laːm/

Noun

سِلَام • (silām) m

1. verbal noun of سَالَمَ‎ (sālama) (form III)

Declension

Declension of noun سِلَام (silām)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	سِلَام silām	السِّلَام‎ as-silām	سِلَام silām
Nominative	سِلَامٌ silāmun	السِّلَامُ‎ as-silāmu	سِلَامُ silāmu
Accusative	سِلَامًا‎ silāman	السِّلَامَ‎ as-silāma	سِلَامَ silāma
Genitive	سِلَامٍ silāmin	السِّلَامِ‎ as-silāmi	سِلَامِ silāmi

Noun

سِلَام • (silām) m

1. plural of variety of سَلِم‎ (salim, “stones”), or alternative collective
2. plural of variety of سَلَْم‎ (salam, “Acacia ehrenbergiana”)

Declension

Declension of noun سِلَام (silām)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	سِلَام silām	السِّلَام‎ as-silām	سِلَام silām
Nominative	سِلَامٌ silāmun	السِّلَامُ‎ as-silāmu	سِلَامُ silāmu
Accusative	سِلَامًا‎ silāman	السِّلَامَ‎ as-silāma	سِلَامَ silāma
Genitive	سِلَامٍ silāmin	السِّلَامِ‎ as-silāmi	سِلَامِ silāmi

References

• Wehr, Hans (1979), “سلم”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

Central Kurdish

Alternative forms

• سڵاو‎ (səɫaːw)

Etymology

From Arabic سَلَام‎ (salām, “peace”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sælaːm/

Noun

سلام (sælaːm)

1. greeting
2. hello
3. hi

Mazanderani

Interjection

سلام (selâm)

1. hello

Northern Kurdish

• silav (səlaːv)

Etymology

From Arabic سَلَام‎ (salām, “peace”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sælaːm/

Noun

سلام (selam) f

1. greeting
2. hello
3. hi

Ottoman Turkish

Alternative forms

• սէլամ (selam) — Armeno-Turkish

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic سَلَام‎ (salām).

Noun

سلام • (selam)

1. greetings

Derived terms

• سلاملق‎ (selamlık, “selamlik”)

Descendants

• Turkish: selam
• → Albanian: selam
• → Cappadocian Greek: σελάμι (selámi)

Persian

Etymology

From Arabic سَلَام‎ (salām, “peace”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [sa.ˈlɑːm]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [sä.lɑ́ːm]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [sä.lɑ́ːm]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [sä.lɑ́ːm]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [sä.lɔ́ːm]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [sæ.lɒ́ːm]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [sä.lɔ́m]

Readings
Classical reading?	salām
Dari reading?	salām
Iranian reading?	salâm
Tajik reading?	salom

• Audio (Iran)

  (file)

Interjection

Dari	سلام
Iranian Persian
Tajik	салом

سلام • (salâm)

1. hello, hi, hiya

   ‏سلام!‎‎ ― salâm ― hello!

   ‏سلام علیکم!‎‎ ― salâm aleykom ― hello! (more formal)

Noun

سلام • (salâm)

1. salutation; greeting
2. (military) salute
3. (Islam) Salam at the end of prayer.

Synonyms

• درود‎ (dorud)

Derived terms

• سلام دادن‎ (salâm dâdan)
• سلام رساندن‎ (salâm resândan)
• سلام کردن‎ (salâm kardan)

Descendants

• Dari: سلام‎ (salām)
• Iranian Persian: سلام‎ (salâm)
• Tajik: салом (salom)
• → Bengali: সেলাম (śelam), সালাম (salam)
• → Gujarati: સલામ (salām)
• → Hindustani:

  Hindi: सलाम (salām)

  Urdu: سلام‎ (salām)

  • → Mauritian Creole: salam
• → Kazakh: сәлем (sälem)
• → Kyrgyz: салам (salam)
• → Marathi: सलाम (salām)
• → Mazanderani: سلام‎ (selâm)
• → Nepali: सलाम (salām)
• → Punjabi: ਸਲਾਮ (salām)
• → Pashto: سلام‎ (salām)
• → Sindhi: (salāmu)

  Arabic script: سَلامُ‎

  Devanagari script: सलामु

• → Telugu: సలాము (salāmu), సలాం (salāṁ)
• → Turkmen: salam, selam
• → Uyghur: سالام‎ (salam)
• → Uzbek: salom

See also

• سلام علیکم‎ (salâm 'aleykom)

Punjabi

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic سَلَام‎ (salām).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Punjabi) IPA^(key): /sə.läːmə/

Noun

سلام • (salām) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਸਲਾਮ)

1. salutation
2. greeting
3. (literally) peace

Sindhi

Etymology

From Arabic سَلَام‎ (salām).

Interjection

سَلامُ (salāmu) (Devanagari सलामु)

1. (used by Muslims) hello, hi

Noun

سَلامُ (salāmu) m (Devanagari सलामु)

1. peace; greeting

South Levantine Arabic

Root
س ل م‎
8 terms

Etymology

From Arabic سَلام‎ (salām).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sa.laːm/, [saˈlæːm]

• Audio (Ramallah)

  (file)

Noun

سلام • (salām) m (plural سلامات‎ (salāmāt))

1. peace, peacefulness

Derived terms

• السلام عليكم‎ (as-salāmu ʕalēkom, “peace be upon you”)

Southern Kurdish

Alternative forms

• سەڵام‎ (sellam)

Etymology

From Arabic سَلَام‎ (salām, “peace”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Ilami) /sæɫaːm/

Noun

سەلام (sælaːm)

1. greeting
2. hello
3. hi

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian سلام‎ (salām), itself from Arabic سَلَام‎ (salām).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /sə.lɑːm/
• Rhymes: -ɑːm
• Hyphenation: سَ‧لام

Interjection

سَلام • (salām) (Hindi spelling सलाम)

1. interjection used to greet or fare adieu to someone

   Clipping of السلام علیکم‎ (al-salām 'alaikum, “hello, hi, hiya”).

   ‏سَلام!‎‎ ― salām! ― hello!

   ‏سَلام عَلَیکُم!‎‎

   salām 'alaikum!

   hello!

Noun

سَلام • (salām) m (Hindi spelling सलाम)

1. greeting, salutation
2. regards

   ‏اَبُّو کو سَلام دینا‎

   abbū ko salām denā

   Send [my] regards to your father.

3. a salute (chiefly military but not limited to).
4. (literally, rare) peace

Declension

Declension of سلام
	singular	plural
direct	سلام (salām)	سلام (salām)
oblique	سلام (salām)	سلاموں‎ (salāmō̃)
vocative	سلام (salām)	سلامو‎ (salāmō)

References

• “سلام”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
• “سلام”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English] (in English), Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2023.
• Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971), “سلام”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.