سام

See also: شام

Arabic

Etymology 1

Derived from the active participle of سَمَا (samā, “to be high, to be exalted”) from the root س م و (s-m-w).

Adjective

سَامٍ • (sāmin) (informal سَامِي (sāmī), feminine سَامِيَة (sāmiya), masculine plural سُمَاة (sumāh), feminine plural سَامِيَات (sāmiyāt), elative أَسْمَى (ʔasmā))

1. high, lofty
2. exalted, sublime
3. emanating from the sultan or vizier

Declension

Declension of adjective سَامٍ (sāmin)

Singular	Masculine		Feminine
	singular triptote in ـٍ (-in)		singular triptote in ـَة (-a)
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	سَامِي sāmī	السَّامِي as-sāmī	سَامِيَة sāmiya	السَّامِيَة as-sāmiya
Nominative	سَامٍ sāmin	السَّامِي as-sāmī	سَامِيَةٌ sāmiyatun	السَّامِيَةُ as-sāmiyatu
Accusative	سَامِيًا sāmiyan	السَّامِيَ as-sāmiya	سَامِيَةً sāmiyatan	السَّامِيَةَ as-sāmiyata
Genitive	سَامٍ sāmin	السَّامِي as-sāmī	سَامِيَةٍ sāmiyatin	السَّامِيَةِ as-sāmiyati
Dual	Masculine		Feminine
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	سَامِيَيْن sāmiyayn	السَّامِيَيْن as-sāmiyayn	سَامِيَتَيْن sāmiyatayn	السَّامِيَتَيْن as-sāmiyatayn
Nominative	سَامِيَانِ sāmiyāni	السَّامِيَانِ as-sāmiyāni	سَامِيَتَانِ sāmiyatāni	السَّامِيَتَانِ as-sāmiyatāni
Accusative	سَامِيَيْنِ sāmiyayni	السَّامِيَيْنِ as-sāmiyayni	سَامِيَتَيْنِ sāmiyatayni	السَّامِيَتَيْنِ as-sāmiyatayni
Genitive	سَامِيَيْنِ sāmiyayni	السَّامِيَيْنِ as-sāmiyayni	سَامِيَتَيْنِ sāmiyatayni	السَّامِيَتَيْنِ as-sāmiyatayni
Plural	Masculine		Feminine
	broken plural triptote in ـَاة (-āh)		sound feminine plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	سُمَاة sumāt	السُّمَاة as-sumāt	سَامِيَات sāmiyāt	السَّامِيَات as-sāmiyāt
Nominative	سُمَاةٌ sumātun	السُّمَاةُ as-sumātu	سَامِيَاتٌ sāmiyātun	السَّامِيَاتُ as-sāmiyātu
Accusative	سُمَاةً sumātan	السُّمَاةَ as-sumāta	سَامِيَاتٍ sāmiyātin	السَّامِيَاتِ as-sāmiyāti
Genitive	سُمَاةٍ sumātin	السُّمَاةِ as-sumāti	سَامِيَاتٍ sāmiyātin	السَّامِيَاتِ as-sāmiyāti

Etymology 2

Derived from the active participle of سَمَّ (samma, “to poison”).

Adjective

سَامّ • (sāmm) (feminine سَامَّة (sāmma), feminine plural سَامَّات (sāmmāt) or سَوَامّ (sawāmm))

1. poisonous, toxic

Declension

Declension of adjective سَامّ (sāmm)

Singular	Masculine		Feminine
	basic singular triptote		singular triptote in ـَة (-a)
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	سَامّ sāmm	السَّامّ as-sāmm	سَامَّة sāmma	السَّامَّة as-sāmma
Nominative	سَامٌّ sāmmun	السَّامُّ as-sāmmu	سَامَّةٌ sāmmatun	السَّامَّةُ as-sāmmatu
Accusative	سَامًّا sāmman	السَّامَّ as-sāmma	سَامَّةً sāmmatan	السَّامَّةَ as-sāmmata
Genitive	سَامٍّ sāmmin	السَّامِّ as-sāmmi	سَامَّةٍ sāmmatin	السَّامَّةِ as-sāmmati
Dual	Masculine		Feminine
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	سَامَّيْن sāmmayn	السَّامَّيْن as-sāmmayn	سَامَّتَيْن sāmmatayn	السَّامَّتَيْن as-sāmmatayn
Nominative	سَامَّانِ sāmmāni	السَّامَّانِ as-sāmmāni	سَامَّتَانِ sāmmatāni	السَّامَّتَانِ as-sāmmatāni
Accusative	سَامَّيْنِ sāmmayni	السَّامَّيْنِ as-sāmmayni	سَامَّتَيْنِ sāmmatayni	السَّامَّتَيْنِ as-sāmmatayni
Genitive	سَامَّيْنِ sāmmayni	السَّامَّيْنِ as-sāmmayni	سَامَّتَيْنِ sāmmatayni	السَّامَّتَيْنِ as-sāmmatayni
Plural	Masculine		Feminine
	plural unknown		sound feminine plural‎; basic broken plural diptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	? ?	? ?	سَامَّات‎; سَوَامّ sāmmāt‎; sawāmm	السَّامَّات‎; السَّوَامّ as-sāmmāt‎; as-sawāmm
Nominative	? ?	? ?	سَامَّاتٌ‎; سَوَامُّ sāmmātun‎; sawāmmu	السَّامَّاتُ‎; السَّوَامُّ as-sāmmātu‎; as-sawāmmu
Accusative	? ?	? ?	سَامَّاتٍ‎; سَوَامَّ sāmmātin‎; sawāmma	السَّامَّاتِ‎; السَّوَامَّ as-sāmmāti‎; as-sawāmma
Genitive	? ?	? ?	سَامَّاتٍ‎; سَوَامَّ sāmmātin‎; sawāmma	السَّامَّاتِ‎; السَّوَامِّ as-sāmmāti‎; as-sawāmmi

Etymology 3

From the root س و م (s-w-m).

Verb

1. (obsolete) to rove, to pasture (camels, sheep, birds …)
2. to offer for sale
3. to urge, to demand, to compel, to impose, and the like

Etymology 4

Borrowed from Classical Syriac ܣܳܡ (sām, “to constitute, to establish, to set, to place, to install”).

Verb

1. (with the Christians) to ordain for ecclesiastical office
   • 2012 February 7, “موسم الهجوم على الإسلام والمسلمين مع "قسمة الغرماء" ليوسف القعيد - الدراسة مهداة إلى الأستاذة فتحية صرصور”, in Dunyā al Waṭan‎^[1]:

     وذلك على العكس التام مما يسلكه من يعتنق الإسلام من النصارى، إذ يحاول العيش فى هدوء، وبخاصة فى ظل ما كان سائدا من قهر للمسلمين وبطش بهم فى عهد المخلوع، الذى كان يناصر الكنيسة وكبيرها على حساب الدين الذى ينتسب رسميا إليه، إذ كان يسلم من تتنصر إلى الكنيسة فتحبسها فى الدير وتسومها سوء العذاب

     This is in utter contrast to the conversion of those who have embraced Islam by Christians, who try to live in peace, especially in the shadow of prevailing Muslim oppression and brutality during the era of the deposed [potentate], who supported the church and its chief at the expense of the religion to which he officially belongs when she, who sought refuge in the church which confined her in the cloister and ordained her, was exposed to terrible pain.

Etymology 5

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Proper noun

سَام • (sām) m

1. Shem

Declension

Declension of noun سَام (sām)

Singular	basic singular diptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	—	سَام sām	—
Nominative	—	سَامُ sāmu	—
Accusative	—	سَامَ sāma	—
Genitive	—	سَامَ sāma	—

Derived terms

• سَامِيّ (sāmiyy, “Semitic”)
• سَامِيُّون (sāmiyyūn, “Semites”)

Etymology 6

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

سَام • (sām) m

1. death
   • 7th century CE, Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, 39:118:

     رَسُولُ اللّٰهِ صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ ‏ «إِنَّ فِي الْحَبَّةِ السَّوْدَاءِ شِفَاءً مِنْ كُلِّ دَاءٍ إِلَّا السَّامَ».‏ وَٱلسَّامُ الْمَوْتُ‏.‏ وَٱلْحَبَّةُ السَّوْدَاءُ الشُّونِيزُ‏.‏

     rasūlu llāhi ṣallā llāhu ʕalayhi wasallama yaqūlu “ʔinna fī l-ḥabbati s-sawdāʔi šifāʔan min kulli dāʔin ʔillā s-sāma”. was-sāmu l-mawtu. wal-ḥabbatu s-sawdāʔu š-šūnīzu.

     […] God’s Prophet (ﷺ) says: “Blackseed is a cure of every disease short of fatality.” Fatality is death, blackseed is swartzcummel.

Declension

Declension of noun سَام (sām)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	سَام sām	السَّام as-sām	سَام sām
Nominative	سَامٌ sāmun	السَّامُ as-sāmu	سَامُ sāmu
Accusative	سَامًا sāman	السَّامَ as-sāma	سَامَ sāma
Genitive	سَامٍ sāmin	السَّامِ as-sāmi	سَامِ sāmi

References

• “swm”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• “سام” in Almaany
• Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “س و م”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes‎^[2] (in French), volume 1, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 708
• Freytag, Georg (1833) “س و م”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎^[3] (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, pages 378–379
• Lane, Edward William (1863) “س و م”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎^[4], London: Williams & Norgate, pages 1474–1475
• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “سام”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎^[5], London: W.H. Allen, page 475
• Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “سام”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart‎^[6] (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 543
• Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “س م م”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart‎^[7] (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 595
• Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “س و م”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart‎^[8] (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, pages 616–617

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Persian

Etymology

From Proto-Iranian [Term?] (compare Avestan 𐬯𐬁𐬨𐬀 (sāma, “dark, black”)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian [Term?] (compare Sanskrit श्याम (śyāma)).

Proper noun

سام • (sâm)

1. a male given name, Sam or Saam.