طور

See also: طوز

Arabic

Etymology 1.1

Root
ط و ر (ṭ w r)
2 terms

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tˤawr/

Noun

طَوْر • (ṭawr) m (plural أَطْوَار (ʔaṭwār))

1. (uncountable) verbal noun of طَارَ (ṭāra) (form I)
3. time, stage, phase, stadium
   • 2018 July 18, “ar: الرئيس عون يؤكد ضرورة التواصل الرسمي بين لبنان و سوريا”, in Muraselon‎^[1]:

     وَأَشَارَ إِلَى أَنَّهُ “مُذْ أَقْفَلَ ٱلْمَعْبَرَ وَأُقْفِلَتْ مَعَهُ ٱلْمَعَابِرُ ٱلشَّرْقِيَّةُ لِسُورِيَا ٱلْمُوصِلَةُ إِلَى ٱلدَّاخِلِ ٱلْعَرَبِيِّ، أُعْطِبَتْ ذَهَابًا وَإِيَابًا حَرَكَةُ ٱلتَّبَادُلِ ٱلتِّجَارِيِّ ٱلَّتِي سَنَكُونُ ٱلْآنَ فِي طَوْرِ إِعَادَةِ إِحْيَائِهَا مِنَ ٱلْأَرَاضِي ٱللُّبْنَانِيَّةِ إِلَى ٱلدَّاخِلِ ٱلسُّورِيِّ، وَمِنْهُ إِلَى ٱلدَّاخِلِ ٱلْأُرْدُنِيِّ مِنْ خِلَالِ ٱلْمَعْبَرِ ٱلْمُسْتَعَادِ إِلَى ٱلدَّوْلَةِ ٱلسُّورِيَّةِ، لِلْاِنْتِقَالِ إِلَى ٱلْعِرَاقِ وَدُوَلِ ٱلْخَلِيجِ (ٱلْفَارِسِيِّ)”.

     waʔašāra ʔilā ʔannahu “muḏ ʔaqfala l-maʕbara waʔuqfilat maʕahu l-maʕābiru š-šarqiyyatu lisūriyā l-mūṣilatu ʔilā d-dāḵili l-ʕarabiyyi, ʔuʕṭibat ḏahāban waʔiyāban ḥarakatu t-tabāduli t-tijāriyyi llatī sanakūnu l-ʔāna fī ṭawri ʔiʕādati ʔiḥyāʔihā mina l-ʔarāḍī l-lubnāniyyati ʔilā d-dāḵili s-sūriyyi, waminhu ʔilā d-dāḵili l-ʔurduniyyi min ḵilāli l-maʕbari l-mustaʕādi ʔilā d-dawlati s-sūriyyati, lilintiqāli ʔilā l-ʕirāqi waduwali l-ḵalīji (l-fārisiyyi)”.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Declension

Declension of noun طَوْر (ṭawr)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	طَوْر ṭawr	الطَّوْر aṭ-ṭawr	طَوْر ṭawr
Nominative	طَوْرٌ ṭawrun	الطَّوْرُ aṭ-ṭawru	طَوْرُ ṭawru
Accusative	طَوْرًا ṭawran	الطَّوْرَ aṭ-ṭawra	طَوْرَ ṭawra
Genitive	طَوْرٍ ṭawrin	الطَّوْرِ aṭ-ṭawri	طَوْرِ ṭawri
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	طَوْرَيْن ṭawrayn	الطَّوْرَيْن aṭ-ṭawrayn	طَوْرَيْ ṭawray
Nominative	طَوْرَانِ ṭawrāni	الطَّوْرَانِ aṭ-ṭawrāni	طَوْرَا ṭawrā
Accusative	طَوْرَيْنِ ṭawrayni	الطَّوْرَيْنِ aṭ-ṭawrayni	طَوْرَيْ ṭawray
Genitive	طَوْرَيْنِ ṭawrayni	الطَّوْرَيْنِ aṭ-ṭawrayni	طَوْرَيْ ṭawray
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	أَطْوَار ʔaṭwār	الْأَطْوَار al-ʔaṭwār	أَطْوَار ʔaṭwār
Nominative	أَطْوَارٌ ʔaṭwārun	الْأَطْوَارُ al-ʔaṭwāru	أَطْوَارُ ʔaṭwāru
Accusative	أَطْوَارًا ʔaṭwāran	الْأَطْوَارَ al-ʔaṭwāra	أَطْوَارَ ʔaṭwāra
Genitive	أَطْوَارٍ ʔaṭwārin	الْأَطْوَارِ al-ʔaṭwāri	أَطْوَارِ ʔaṭwāri

Descendants

• → Azerbaijani: tövr
• → Chagatai: طور
  • Uzbek: tavr
• → Ottoman Turkish: طور (tavr)
  • Turkish: tavır
  • → Armenian: թավուր (tʻavur)
• → Kazakh: тәуір (täuır)
• → Persian: طور (towr)
  • → Hindustani:

    Hindi: तौर (taur)

    Urdu: طور (taur)

  • → Punjabi:

    Gurmukhi script: ਤੌਰ (taur)

    Shahmukhi script: طور (taur)

Etymology 1.2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tˤaw.wa.ra/

• Audio:

  (file)

Verb

طَوَّرَ • (ṭawwara) II (non-past يُطَوِّرُ (yuṭawwiru), verbal noun تَطْوِير (taṭwīr))

1. to further, to bring forward, to develop

Conjugation

    Conjugation of طَوَّرَ (II, sound, full passive, verbal noun تَطْوِير)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						تَطْوِير taṭwīr
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						مُطَوِّر muṭawwir
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مُطَوَّر muṭawwar
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	طَوَّرْتُ ṭawwartu	طَوَّرْتَ ṭawwarta	طَوَّرَ ṭawwara		طَوَّرْتُمَا ṭawwartumā	طَوَّرَا ṭawwarā		طَوَّرْنَا ṭawwarnā	طَوَّرْتُمْ ṭawwartum	طَوَّرُوا ṭawwarū
	f		طَوَّرْتِ ṭawwarti	طَوَّرَتْ ṭawwarat			طَوَّرَتَا ṭawwaratā			طَوَّرْتُنَّ ṭawwartunna	طَوَّرْنَ ṭawwarna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُطَوِّرُ ʔuṭawwiru	تُطَوِّرُ tuṭawwiru	يُطَوِّرُ yuṭawwiru		تُطَوِّرَانِ tuṭawwirāni	يُطَوِّرَانِ yuṭawwirāni		نُطَوِّرُ nuṭawwiru	تُطَوِّرُونَ tuṭawwirūna	يُطَوِّرُونَ yuṭawwirūna
	f		تُطَوِّرِينَ tuṭawwirīna	تُطَوِّرُ tuṭawwiru			تُطَوِّرَانِ tuṭawwirāni			تُطَوِّرْنَ tuṭawwirna	يُطَوِّرْنَ yuṭawwirna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُطَوِّرَ ʔuṭawwira	تُطَوِّرَ tuṭawwira	يُطَوِّرَ yuṭawwira		تُطَوِّرَا tuṭawwirā	يُطَوِّرَا yuṭawwirā		نُطَوِّرَ nuṭawwira	تُطَوِّرُوا tuṭawwirū	يُطَوِّرُوا yuṭawwirū
	f		تُطَوِّرِي tuṭawwirī	تُطَوِّرَ tuṭawwira			تُطَوِّرَا tuṭawwirā			تُطَوِّرْنَ tuṭawwirna	يُطَوِّرْنَ yuṭawwirna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُطَوِّرْ ʔuṭawwir	تُطَوِّرْ tuṭawwir	يُطَوِّرْ yuṭawwir		تُطَوِّرَا tuṭawwirā	يُطَوِّرَا yuṭawwirā		نُطَوِّرْ nuṭawwir	تُطَوِّرُوا tuṭawwirū	يُطَوِّرُوا yuṭawwirū
	f		تُطَوِّرِي tuṭawwirī	تُطَوِّرْ tuṭawwir			تُطَوِّرَا tuṭawwirā			تُطَوِّرْنَ tuṭawwirna	يُطَوِّرْنَ yuṭawwirna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		طَوِّرْ ṭawwir			طَوِّرَا ṭawwirā				طَوِّرُوا ṭawwirū
	f		طَوِّرِي ṭawwirī							طَوِّرْنَ ṭawwirna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	طُوِّرْتُ ṭuwwirtu	طُوِّرْتَ ṭuwwirta	طُوِّرَ ṭuwwira		طُوِّرْتُمَا ṭuwwirtumā	طُوِّرَا ṭuwwirā		طُوِّرْنَا ṭuwwirnā	طُوِّرْتُمْ ṭuwwirtum	طُوِّرُوا ṭuwwirū
	f		طُوِّرْتِ ṭuwwirti	طُوِّرَتْ ṭuwwirat			طُوِّرَتَا ṭuwwiratā			طُوِّرْتُنَّ ṭuwwirtunna	طُوِّرْنَ ṭuwwirna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُطَوَّرُ ʔuṭawwaru	تُطَوَّرُ tuṭawwaru	يُطَوَّرُ yuṭawwaru		تُطَوَّرَانِ tuṭawwarāni	يُطَوَّرَانِ yuṭawwarāni		نُطَوَّرُ nuṭawwaru	تُطَوَّرُونَ tuṭawwarūna	يُطَوَّرُونَ yuṭawwarūna
	f		تُطَوَّرِينَ tuṭawwarīna	تُطَوَّرُ tuṭawwaru			تُطَوَّرَانِ tuṭawwarāni			تُطَوَّرْنَ tuṭawwarna	يُطَوَّرْنَ yuṭawwarna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُطَوَّرَ ʔuṭawwara	تُطَوَّرَ tuṭawwara	يُطَوَّرَ yuṭawwara		تُطَوَّرَا tuṭawwarā	يُطَوَّرَا yuṭawwarā		نُطَوَّرَ nuṭawwara	تُطَوَّرُوا tuṭawwarū	يُطَوَّرُوا yuṭawwarū
	f		تُطَوَّرِي tuṭawwarī	تُطَوَّرَ tuṭawwara			تُطَوَّرَا tuṭawwarā			تُطَوَّرْنَ tuṭawwarna	يُطَوَّرْنَ yuṭawwarna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُطَوَّرْ ʔuṭawwar	تُطَوَّرْ tuṭawwar	يُطَوَّرْ yuṭawwar		تُطَوَّرَا tuṭawwarā	يُطَوَّرَا yuṭawwarā		نُطَوَّرْ nuṭawwar	تُطَوَّرُوا tuṭawwarū	يُطَوَّرُوا yuṭawwarū
	f		تُطَوَّرِي tuṭawwarī	تُطَوَّرْ tuṭawwar			تُطَوَّرَا tuṭawwarā			تُطَوَّرْنَ tuṭawwarna	يُطَوَّرْنَ yuṭawwarna

Etymology

Borrowed from Aramaic טוּרָא / ܛܘܪܐ (ṭūrā, “mountain, high territory”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tˤuːr/

Noun

طُور • (ṭūr) m (plural أَطْوَار (ʔaṭwār))

2. (Classical Arabic) mountain

   Synonyms: جَبَل (jabal), طَوْد (ṭawd)

Declension

Declension of noun طُور (ṭūr)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	طُور ṭūr	الطُّور aṭ-ṭūr	طُور ṭūr
Nominative	طُورٌ ṭūrun	الطُّورُ aṭ-ṭūru	طُورُ ṭūru
Accusative	طُورًا ṭūran	الطُّورَ aṭ-ṭūra	طُورَ ṭūra
Genitive	طُورٍ ṭūrin	الطُّورِ aṭ-ṭūri	طُورِ ṭūri
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	طُورَيْن ṭūrayn	الطُّورَيْن aṭ-ṭūrayn	طُورَيْ ṭūray
Nominative	طُورَانِ ṭūrāni	الطُّورَانِ aṭ-ṭūrāni	طُورَا ṭūrā
Accusative	طُورَيْنِ ṭūrayni	الطُّورَيْنِ aṭ-ṭūrayni	طُورَيْ ṭūray
Genitive	طُورَيْنِ ṭūrayni	الطُّورَيْنِ aṭ-ṭūrayni	طُورَيْ ṭūray
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	أَطْوَار ʔaṭwār	الْأَطْوَار al-ʔaṭwār	أَطْوَار ʔaṭwār
Nominative	أَطْوَارٌ ʔaṭwārun	الْأَطْوَارُ al-ʔaṭwāru	أَطْوَارُ ʔaṭwāru
Accusative	أَطْوَارًا ʔaṭwāran	الْأَطْوَارَ al-ʔaṭwāra	أَطْوَارَ ʔaṭwāra
Genitive	أَطْوَارٍ ʔaṭwārin	الْأَطْوَارِ al-ʔaṭwāri	أَطْوَارِ ʔaṭwāri

Derived terms

• طُورِيّ (ṭūriyy, “wild”)

 

References

• Jeffery, Arthur (1938) The Foreign Vocabulary of the Qurʾān (Gaekwad’s Oriental Series; 79), Baroda: Oriental Institute, pages 206–207

Ottoman Turkish

طور

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *tor (“net for catching birds or fish”); cognate with Azerbaijani tor, Bashkir тур (tur), Kazakh тор (tor), Kyrgyz тор (tor), Southern Altai тор (tor), Turkmen tor, Uyghur تور (tor) and Uzbek toʻr.

Noun

طور • (tor) (definite accusative طوری (toru), plural طورلر (torlar))

1. net, a device made from a mesh of string, cord, or rope, used for catching fish or birds

Derived terms

• طور كیسه (tor kese, “bag made with a net”)
• طورلامق (torlamak, “to gather together”)
• طورلانمق (torlanmak, “to be made up into a bundle”)
• طورلو (torlu, “possessed of nets”)

 

Descendants

• Turkish: tor
• → Armenian: թօռ (tʻōṙ)

Further reading

• Barbier de Meynard, Charles (1886) “طور”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, volume II, Paris: E. Leroux, page 307
• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “tor3”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 4874
• Hindoglu, Artin (1838) “طور”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français‎^[2], Vienna: F. Beck, page 316a
• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “طور”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[3], Constantinople: Mihran, page 814
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “طور”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[4], Vienna, column 3141
• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “طور”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[5], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1253

Persian

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Arabic طَوْر (ṭawr).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [tawɾ]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰoːɾ], [t̪ʰäwɾ]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰoːɾ], [t̪ʰäwɾ]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰoːɾ], [t̪ʰäwɾ]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰʊːɾ], [t̪ʰäwɾ]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰowɹ]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰäwɾ]

Readings
Classical reading?	tawr
Dari reading?	tōr, tawr
Iranian reading?	towr
Tajik reading?	tavr

Noun

Dari	طور
Iranian Persian
Tajik	тавр

طور • (towr)

1. manner, way

   طوری که بهرام گفت […]

   towri ke bahrâm goft […]

   as/like Bahram said […]

2. state, condition

Derived terms

• آنطور (ântowr)
• اینطور (intowr)
• چطور (četowr, “how”)

 

Descendants

• → Hindustani:

  Hindi: तौर (taur)

  Urdu: طور (taur)

• → Punjabi:

  Gurmukhi script: ਤੌਰ (taur)

  Shahmukhi script: طور (taur)

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Arabic طُور (ṭūr).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [tuːɾ]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰuːɾ]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰuːɾ]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰuːɾ]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰuɾ]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰuːɹ]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰuɾ]

Readings
Classical reading?	tūr
Dari reading?	tūr
Iranian reading?	tur
Tajik reading?	tur

Proper noun

طور • (tur)

1. Short for طور سینا (tur-e sinâ, “Mount Sinai”).
   • c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume VI, verse 2444:

     باز با خود آمدم زان انتشار
     باز دیدم طور و موسی برقرار.

     bāz bā xwad āmadam z-ān intišār
     bāz dīdam tūr u mūsā bar qarār.

     After that scattering [of my senses], I came to myself again
     And saw that Sinai and Moses were unchanged.

     (Classical Persian transliteration)

   • 1732—1733, Lāla Amānat Rāy, “جلوه ذات [Jilwa-yi Zāt]”, in Stefano Pellò, transl., Black Curls in a Mirror: The Eighteenth-Century Persian Kṛṣṇa of Lāla Amānat Rāy’s Jilwa-yi ẕāt and the Tongue of Bīdil, International Journal of Hindu Studies (2018) 22:

     شبی چون زلف خوبان مطلع نور
     تجلی بخش شمع روشن طور

     šabē čūn zulf-i xūbān matla'-i nūr
     tajallī baxš-i šam'-e rōšan-i tūr

     A night resembling the curls of the beauties, an opening verse of light, offering the epiphany of the bright candle of Mount Sinai.

     (Classical Persian transliteration)

Further reading

• Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “طور”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim

South Levantine Arabic

Root
ط و ر
1 term

Etymology

From Arabic طَوَّرَ (ṭawwara).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tˤaw.war/, [ˈtˤʌw.wʌr]

• Audio (al-Lidd):

  (file)

Verb

طوّر • (ṭawwar) II (present بطوّر (biṭawwer))

1. (transitive) to develop

Conjugation

Conjugation of طوّر (ṭawwar)
		singular				plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
past	m	طوّرت (ṭawwart)	طوّرت (ṭawwart)	طوّر (ṭawwar)		طوّرنا (ṭawwarna)	طوّرتو (ṭawwartu)	طوّرو (ṭawwaru)
	f		طوّرتي (ṭawwarti)	طوّرت (ṭawwarat)
present	m	بطوّر (baṭawwer)	بتطوّر (bitṭawwer)	بطوّر (biṭawwer)		منطوّر (minṭawwer)	بتطوّرو (bitṭawwru)	بطوّرو (biṭawwru)
	f		بتطوّري (bitṭawwri)	بتطوّر (bitṭawwer)
subjunctive	m	اطوّر (aṭawwer)	تطوّر (tṭawwer)	يطوّر (yṭawwer)		نطوّر (nṭawwer)	تطوّرو (tṭawwru)	يطوّرو (yṭawwru)
	f		تطوّري (tṭawwri)	تطوّر (tṭawwer)
imperative	m		طوّر (ṭawwer)				طوّرو (ṭawwru)
	f		طوّري (ṭawwri)

Urdu

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Arabic طُور (ṭūr).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /t̪uːɾ/

Noun

طور • (tūr) m (Hindi spelling तूर)

1. hill, mount

Declension

Declension of طور
	singular	plural
direct	طور (tūr)	طور (tūr)
oblique	طور (tūr)	طوروں (tūrõ)
vocative	طور (tūr)	طورو (tūro)

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Classical Persian طَور (tawr, “manner, style”), from Arabic طَوْر (ṭawr).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /t̪ɔːɾ/

Noun

طور • (taur) m (formal plural اطوار, Hindi spelling तौर)

1. manner, way
2. state, condition

Declension

Declension of طور
	singular	plural
direct	طور (taur)	طور (taur)
oblique	طور (taur)	طوروں (taurõ)
vocative	طور (taur)	طورو (tauro)