مشغول

Arabic

Root
ش غ ل (š ḡ l)
15 terms

Etymology

Derived from the passive participle of شَغَلَ (šaḡala, “to occupy, to keep busy”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /maʃ.ɣuːl/
• Rhymes: -uːl

Adjective

مَشْغُول • (mašḡūl) (feminine مَشْغُولَة (mašḡūla), masculine plural مَشْغُولُون (mašḡūlūn), feminine plural مَشْغُولَات (mašḡūlāt))

1. busy
2. distracted
3. occupied (telephone line, seat, etc.)

Declension

Declension of adjective مَشْغُول (mašḡūl)

singular	masculine		feminine
	basic singular triptote		singular triptote in ـَة (-a)
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
informal	مَشْغُول mašḡūl	الْمَشْغُول al-mašḡūl	مَشْغُولَة mašḡūla	الْمَشْغُولَة al-mašḡūla
nominative	مَشْغُولٌ mašḡūlun	الْمَشْغُولُ al-mašḡūlu	مَشْغُولَةٌ mašḡūlatun	الْمَشْغُولَةُ al-mašḡūlatu
accusative	مَشْغُولًا mašḡūlan	الْمَشْغُولَ al-mašḡūla	مَشْغُولَةً mašḡūlatan	الْمَشْغُولَةَ al-mašḡūlata
genitive	مَشْغُولٍ mašḡūlin	الْمَشْغُولِ al-mašḡūli	مَشْغُولَةٍ mašḡūlatin	الْمَشْغُولَةِ al-mašḡūlati
dual	masculine		feminine
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
informal	مَشْغُولَيْن mašḡūlayn	الْمَشْغُولَيْن al-mašḡūlayn	مَشْغُولَتَيْن mašḡūlatayn	الْمَشْغُولَتَيْن al-mašḡūlatayn
nominative	مَشْغُولَانِ mašḡūlāni	الْمَشْغُولَانِ al-mašḡūlāni	مَشْغُولَتَانِ mašḡūlatāni	الْمَشْغُولَتَانِ al-mašḡūlatāni
accusative	مَشْغُولَيْنِ mašḡūlayni	الْمَشْغُولَيْنِ al-mašḡūlayni	مَشْغُولَتَيْنِ mašḡūlatayni	الْمَشْغُولَتَيْنِ al-mašḡūlatayni
genitive	مَشْغُولَيْنِ mašḡūlayni	الْمَشْغُولَيْنِ al-mašḡūlayni	مَشْغُولَتَيْنِ mašḡūlatayni	الْمَشْغُولَتَيْنِ al-mašḡūlatayni
plural	masculine		feminine
	sound masculine plural		sound feminine plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
informal	مَشْغُولِين mašḡūlīn	الْمَشْغُولِين al-mašḡūlīn	مَشْغُولَات mašḡūlāt	الْمَشْغُولَات al-mašḡūlāt
nominative	مَشْغُولُونَ mašḡūlūna	الْمَشْغُولُونَ al-mašḡūlūna	مَشْغُولَاتٌ mašḡūlātun	الْمَشْغُولَاتُ al-mašḡūlātu
accusative	مَشْغُولِينَ mašḡūlīna	الْمَشْغُولِينَ al-mašḡūlīna	مَشْغُولَاتٍ mašḡūlātin	الْمَشْغُولَاتِ al-mašḡūlāti
genitive	مَشْغُولِينَ mašḡūlīna	الْمَشْغُولِينَ al-mašḡūlīna	مَشْغُولَاتٍ mašḡūlātin	الْمَشْغُولَاتِ al-mašḡūlāti

Descendants

• → Azerbaijani: məşğul
• → Bashkir: мәшғүл (məşğül)
• → Chagatai: مَشْغُول (mšġwl)
  • Uyghur: مەشغۇل (meshghul)
  • Uzbek: mashgʻul
• → Classical Persian: مَشْغُول (mašġūl)
  • → Bengali: মশগুল (môśgul), মসগুল (môsgul)
  • → Gujarati: મશગૂલ (maśgūl)
  • → Hindustani:

    Hindi: मशग़ूल (maśġūl)

    Urdu: مَشْغُول (maśġūl)

  • → Punjabi:

    Gurmukhi script: ਮਸ਼ਗ਼ੂਲ (maśġūl)

    Shahmukhi script: مَشْغُول (maśġūl)

  • → Sindhi:

    Devanagari script: मशग़ूल (maśġūl)

    Arabic script: مَشْغُول (maśġūl)

• → Indonesian: masygul
• → Kumyk: машгъул (maşğul)
• → Kurdish: meşxul, meşxûl
• → Middle Armenian: մշղըլիլ (mšġəlil)
• → Ottoman Turkish: مَشْغُول (meşgûl)
  • Turkish: meşgul
  • → Armenian: մաշխուլ (mašxul)
• → Pashto: مَشْغُول (mašǧúl)
• → Tatar: мәшгуль (mäşğül)
• → Turkmen: meşgul

Azerbaijani

Adjective

مشغول

1. Arabic spelling of məşğul

Egyptian Arabic

Adjective

مشغول • (mašḡūl) (feminine مشغولة)

1. busy, occupied

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic مَشْغُول (mašḡūl, “busy, occupied”).

Adjective

مشغول • (meşgul) (feminine مشغوله (meşgule))

1. busy, occupied, engaged, intent, engrossed, having a great deal to do, giving attention to a particular activity

   Synonyms: ایشلك (işlek), دركار (derkâr)

2. preoccupied, concerned, worried, thinking about unpleasant things that have happened or that might happen

Derived terms

• ذهنی مشغول اولمق (zihni meşgul olmak, “for one's mind, to be preoccupied”)
• مشغول اولمق (meşgul olmak, “to be busy, occupied”)
• مشغول ایتمك (meşgul etmek, “for a matter, to occupy”)

Descendants

• Turkish: meşgul
• → Armenian: մաշխուլ (mašxul)

Further reading

click to expand

• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007), “meşgul”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 3169
• Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962), “meşgul”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat‎‎^[1] (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 753
• Kélékian, Diran (1911), “مشغول”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[2] (in French), Constantinople: Mihran, page 1174
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687), “Occupatus”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎^[3], Vienna, column 1189
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680), “مشغول”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[4], Vienna, column 4681
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “meşgul”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Redhouse, James W. (1890), “مشغول”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[5], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1869

Pashto

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic مَشْغُول (mašḡūl).

Adjective

مشغول • (mašǧúl)

1. busy

Further reading

• Qamosona.com

Persian

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic مَشْغُول (mašḡūl).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /maʃ.ˈɣuːl/

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [mäʃ.ˈɣuːl]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [mäʃ.ˈɣuːl]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [mäʃ.ˈɣuːl]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [mäʃ.ˈɣul̥]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [mæʃ.ˈɢuːl̥]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [mäʃ.ˈʁul]

Readings
Classical reading?	mašġūl
Dari reading?	mašġūl
Iranian reading?	mašġul
Tajik reading?	mašġul

Adjective

Dari	مشغول
Iranian Persian
Tajik	машғул

مَشغول • (mašġul)

1. busy, occupied (in doing something, etc.)

   پسر الان مشغول خواندن است. (more literary)

   pesar alân mašgul-e xândan ast.

   The boy is busy reading now.

   پسر الان مشغول خوندنه. (more colloquial)

   pesar alân mašgul-e xundan-e.

   The boy is busy reading now.

   • c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume III, verse 1604:

     چون بجد مشغول باشد آدمی، او ز دید رنج خود باشد عمی

     čon be-jedd mašġul bâšad âdami, u ze did-e ranj-e xod bâšad 'ami.

     When a man is busy in earnest, he is blind to the sight of his pain.

2. occupied

Derived terms

compound verbs

• مشغول کردن (mašġul kardan)

other

• مشغولی (mašġuli)
• مشغولیت (mašġuliyat)

Descendants

• → Bengali: মশগুল (môśgul), মসগুল (môsgul)
• → Gujarati: મશગૂલ (maśgūl)
• → Hindustani:

  Hindi: मशग़ूल (maśġūl)

  Urdu: مَشْغُول (maśġūl)

• → Punjabi:

  Gurmukhi script: ਮਸ਼ਗ਼ੂਲ (maśġūl)

  Shahmukhi script: مَشْغُول (maśġūl)

• → Sindhi:

  Devanagari script: मशग़ूल (maśġūl)

  Arabic script: مَشْغُول (maśġūl)

Punjabi

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian مَشْغُول (mašġūl), from Arabic مَشْغُول (mašḡūl).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Punjabi) IPA^(key): /məʃ.ɣuːl/, [məʃ.ˈɣuːl(ə̆)]

Adjective

مَشْغُول • (maśġūl) (Gurmukhi spelling ਮਸ਼ਗ਼ੂਲ)

1. busy

Further reading

• Iqbal, Salah ud-Din (2002), “مَشْغُول”, in vaḍḍī panjābī lughat (in Punjabi), Lahore: عزیز پبلشرز [ʻazīz pabliśarz]

Sindhi

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian مشغول (mašġūl), from Arabic مَشْغُول (mašḡūl).

Adjective

مَشْغوُلُ • (maśġūlu)

1. busy

Further reading

• Parmanand, Mewaram (1910), “مَشْغوُلُ”, in Sindhi-English Dictionary, Hyderabad, Sindh: The Sind Juvenile Co-operative Society
• “مشغول”, in Sindhi-English Dictionary, University of Chicago: Center for Language Engineering, Pakistan, 1866–1938

South Levantine Arabic

Root
ش غ ل
7 terms

Etymology

From Arabic مَشْغُول (mašḡūl). Equivalent to the passive participle of شغل (šaḡal, “to occupy, keep busy”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /maʃ.ɣuːl/, [maʃˈɣuːl]

• Audio (Ramallah):

  (file)

Adjective

مشغول • (mašḡūl) (feminine مشغولة (mašḡūle), common plural مشغولين (mašḡūlīn))

1. busy, occupied

   Synonym: شغال (šaḡḡāl)

   Antonym: فاضي (fāḍi)

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian مَشْغُول (mašġūl), from Arabic مَشْغُول (mašḡūl). Compare Punjabi مَشْغُول (maśġūl) / ਮਸ਼ਗ਼ੂਲ (maśġūl), Sindhi مَشْغُول (maśġūl) / मशग़ूल (maśġūl), Gujarati મશગૂલ (maśgūl), Bengali মশগুল (mośgul).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /məʃ.ɣuːl/
• Rhymes: -uːl
• Hyphenation: مَش‧غُول

Adjective

مَشْغُول • (maśġūl) (indeclinable, Hindi spelling मशग़ूल)

1. occupied, engaged, busy [with میں (mẽ) ‘in’]

   Synonym: مصروف (masrūf)

Related terms

• مشغولیت (maśġūliyat)

References

• “مشغول”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
• “مشغول”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2026.