ܓܘܕܐ

See also: ܓܘܪܐ

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic

Etymology 1

Inherited from Aramaic [Term?].

Pronunciation

• (Standard) IPA^(key): [ɡuddaː]
• (Nineveh Plains) IPA^(key): [ɡuːdaː]
• (Urmia) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒuːda]

Noun

ܓܘܼܕܵܐ • (gūdā) m sg (plural ܓܘܼܕܵܢܹ̈ܐ (guddānē))

1. (architecture) wall (of a building)
   • c. 2014, ܕܝܬܩܐ ܚܕܬܐ ܕܡܪܢ ܝܫܘܥ ܡܫܝܚܐ ܘܡܙܡܘܪ̈ܐ ܒܠܫܢܐ ܐܬܘܪܝܐ, Aramaic Bible Translation, Inc., Acts 23:3:

     ܐ݇ܡܝܼܪ ܠܹܗ ܦܵܘܠܘܿܣ ܐܸܠܘܼܗܝ: «ܐܲܠܵܗܵܐ ܒܸܬ ܡܵܚܹܐ ܠܘܼܟ݂، ܝܵܐ ܓܘܼܕܵܐ ܡܘܼܚܘܸܪܵܐ. ܐܲܢ݇ܬ ܕܝܬ݂ܝܼܒ݂ܵܐ ܝܘܸܬ ܒܸܕܝܵܢܝܼ ܐܲܝܟ݂ ܢܵܡܘܿܣܵܐ، ܒܢܲܦ̮ܫܘܼܟ݂ ܒܸܫܡܵܛܵܐ ܝܘܸܬ ܢܵܡܘܿܣܵܐ، ܟܲܕ݂ ܒܸܦܩܵܕ݂ܵܐ ܝܘܸܬ ܕܡܵܚܝܼ ܠܝܼ؟»

     mīr lēh pāwlōs ilūh: “allāhā bit māḥē lōḵ, yā gūdā mūḥwirrā. at diṯīḇā ìwet bidyānī ayḵ nāmōsā, bnafšōḵ bišmāṭā ìwet nāmōsā, kaḏ bipqāḏā ìwet dmāḥī lī?”

     Then Paul said to him, “God will strike you, you whitewashed wall! For you sit to judge me according to the law, and do you command me to be struck contrary to the law?”

Inflection

Inflection of ܓܘܼܕܵܐ

	isolated forms			with possessive pronouns
	state	form		person	singular		plural
					m	f
singular	absolute	ܓܘܼܕ (gud)		1st person	ܓܘܼܕܝܼ (guddī)		ܓܘܼܕܲܢ (guddan)
	construct	ܓܘܼܕ (gud)		2nd person	ܓܘܼܕܘܼܟ݂ (gūdōḵ)	ܓܘܼܕܵܟ݂ܝ (guddāḵ)	ܓܘܼܕܲܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (guddawḵōn)
	emphatic	ܓܘܼܕܵܐ (gūdā)		3rd person	ܓܘܼܕܹܗ (guddēh)	ܓܘܼܕܵܗ̇ (guddāh)	ܓܘܼܕܗܘܿܢ (guddhōn)
plural	absolute	ܓܘܼܕܵܢܝܼ̈ܢ (gūdānīn)		1st person	ܓܘܼܕܵܢܝܼ̈ (guddānī)		ܓܘܼܕܵܢܲܢ̈ (guddānan)
	construct	ܓܘܼܕܵܢܲܝ̈ (guddānay)		2nd person	ܓܘܼܕܵܢܘܼ̈ܟ݂ (gūdānōḵ)	ܓܘܼܕܵܢܵܟ݂ܝ̈ (guddānāḵ)	ܓܘܼܕܵܢܲܘ̈ܟ݂ܘܿܢ (guddānawḵōn)
	emphatic	ܓܘܼܕܵܢܹ̈ܐ (guddānē)		3rd person	ܓܘܼܕܵܢܘܼ̈ܗܝ (guddānūh)	ܓܘܼܕܵܢܘܼ̈ܗ̇ (guddānōh)	ܓܘܼܕܵܢܲܝ̈ܗܘܿܢ (gūdānayhōn)

Etymology 2

Learned borrowing from Classical Syriac, from Aramaic גּוּדָא (guddā), from Middle Persian gwnd (gund, “army, troop”); compare Arabic جُنْد (jund).

Pronunciation

• (Standard) IPA^(key): [ɡuddaː]

Noun

ܓܘܼܕܵܐ • (gūdā) f (plural ܓܘܼܕܹ̈ܐ (guddē))

1. (military, literary) company, rank, troop, band

   Synonyms: ܣܝܼܥܬܵܐ (sīˁtā), ܓܘܼܫܡܵܐ (gušmā), ܓܲܝܣܵܐ (gaysā)

Inflection

Inflection of ܓܘܼܕܵܐ

	isolated forms			with possessive pronouns
	state	form		person	singular		plural
					m	f
singular	absolute	ܓܘܼܕ (gud)		1st person	ܓܘܼܕܝܼ (guddī)		ܓܘܼܕܲܢ (guddan)
	construct	ܓܘܼܕ (gud)		2nd person	ܓܘܼܕܘܼܟ݂ (gūdōḵ)	ܓܘܼܕܵܟ݂ܝ (guddāḵ)	ܓܘܼܕܲܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (guddawḵōn)
	emphatic	ܓܘܼܕܵܐ (gūdā)		3rd person	ܓܘܼܕܹܗ (guddēh)	ܓܘܼܕܵܗ̇ (guddāh)	ܓܘܼܕܗܘܿܢ (guddhōn)
plural	absolute	ܓܘܼܕܝܼ̈ܢ (gūdīn)		1st person	ܓܘܼܕܝܼ̈ (guddī)		ܓܘܼܕܲܢ̈ (guddan)
	construct	ܓܘܼܕܲܝ̈ (gudday)		2nd person	ܓܘܼܕܘܼ̈ܟ݂ (gūdōḵ)	ܓܘܼܕܵܟ݂ܝ̈ (guddāḵ)	ܓܘܼܕܲܘ̈ܟ݂ܘܿܢ (guddawḵōn)
	emphatic	ܓܘܼܕܹ̈ܐ (guddē)		3rd person	ܓܘܼܕܘܼ̈ܗܝ (guddūh)	ܓܘܼܕܘܼ̈ܗ̇ (guddōh)	ܓܘܼܕܲܝ̈ܗܘܿܢ (gūdayhōn)

Derived terms

• ܓܘܼܕܵܐ ܡܘܿܣܝܼܩܵܪܵܝܬܵܐ (gūdā mōsīqārāytā)

Etymology 3

Related to ܓܲܘܕܵܐ (gawdā, “leather bottle”). Compare Akkadian 𒋢𒄖𒁺 (gūdu) and Georgian გუდა (guda), Aramaic loanwords.

Pronunciation

• (Standard) IPA^(key): [ɡuːðaː]

Noun

ܓܘܼܕ݂ܵܐ • (gūḏā) m sg (plural ܓܘܼܕ݂ܹ̈ܐ (gūḏē))

1. skin churn, a type of vessel used to create butter

Inflection

Inflection of ܓܘܼܕ݂ܵܐ

	isolated forms			with possessive pronouns
	state	form		person	singular		plural
					m	f
singular	absolute	ܓܘܼܕ݂ (gūḏ)		1st person	ܓܘܼܕ݂ܝܼ (gūḏī)		ܓܘܼܕ݂ܲܢ (gūḏan)
	construct	ܓܘܼܕ݂ (gūḏ)		2nd person	ܓܘܼܕ݂ܘܼܟ݂ (gūḏōḵ)	ܓܘܼܕ݂ܵܟ݂ܝ (gūḏāḵ)	ܓܘܼܕ݂ܲܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (gūḏawḵōn)
	emphatic	ܓܘܼܕ݂ܵܐ (gūḏā)		3rd person	ܓܘܼܕ݂ܹܗ (gūḏēh)	ܓܘܼܕ݂ܵܗ̇ (gūḏāh)	ܓܘܼܕ݂ܗܘܿܢ (guḏhōn)
plural	absolute	ܓܘܼܕ݂ܝܼ̈ܢ (gūḏīn)		1st person	ܓܘܼܕ݂ܝܼ̈ (gūḏī)		ܓܘܼܕ݂ܲܢ̈ (gūḏan)
	construct	ܓܘܼܕ݂ܲܝ̈ (gūḏay)		2nd person	ܓܘܼܕ݂ܘܼ̈ܟ݂ (gūḏōḵ)	ܓܘܼܕ݂ܵܟ݂ܝ̈ (gūḏāḵ)	ܓܘܼܕ݂ܲܘ̈ܟ݂ܘܿܢ (gūḏawḵōn)
	emphatic	ܓܘܼܕ݂ܹ̈ܐ (gūḏē)		3rd person	ܓܘܼܕ݂ܘܼ̈ܗܝ (gūḏūh)	ܓܘܼܕ݂ܘܼ̈ܗ̇ (gūḏōh)	ܓܘܼܕ݂ܲܝ̈ܗܘܿܢ (gūḏayhōn)

Derived terms

• ܓܘܼܕ݂ܵܢܬܵܐ (gūḏāntā, “small churn”)

Classical Syriac

Etymology 1

From Middle Persian gwnd (gund, “army, troop”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɡuddɑ] (singular)
• IPA^(key): [ɡudde] (plural)

Noun

ܓܘܕܐ • (guddā) f (plural ܓܘܕܐ (guddē))

1. (military) company, rank, troop, band
2. choir, chorus

Usage notes

While the word is normally considered feminine, it also rarely occurs as masculine.

Inflection

Inflection of ܓܘܕܐ

	isolated forms			with possessive pronouns
	state	form		person	singular		plural
					m	f	m	f
singular	absolute	ܓܘܕ		1st person	ܓܘܕܝ		ܓܘܕܢ
	construct	ܓܘܕ		2nd person	ܓܘܕܟ	ܓܘܕܟܝ	ܓܘܕܟܘܢ	ܓܘܕܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܓܘܕܐ		3rd person	ܓܘܕܗ	ܓܘܕܗ	ܓܘܕܗܘܢ	ܓܘܕܗܝܢ
plural	absolute	ܓܘܕܝܢ		1st person	ܓܘܕܝ		ܓܘܕܝܢ
	construct	ܓܘܕܝ		2nd person	ܓܘܕܝܟ	ܓܘܕܝܟܝ	ܓܘܕܝܟܘܢ	ܓܘܕܝܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܓܘܕܐ		3rd person	ܓܘܕܘܗܝ	ܓܘܕܝܗ	ܓܘܕܝܗܘܢ	ܓܘܕܝܗܝܢ

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɡuddɑ] (singular)
• IPA^(key): [ɡuddɑne] (plural)

Noun

ܓܘܕܐ • (guddā) m (plural ܓܘܕܢܐ (guddānē))

1. (architecture) wall
2. rampart
3. hedge, mound
4. stone pulpit in church's nave

Inflection

Inflection of ܓܘܕܐ

	isolated forms			with possessive pronouns
	state	form		person	singular		plural
					m	f	m	f
singular	absolute	ܓܘܕ		1st person	ܓܘܕܝ		ܓܘܕܢ
	construct	ܓܘܕ		2nd person	ܓܘܕܟ	ܓܘܕܟܝ	ܓܘܕܟܘܢ	ܓܘܕܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܓܘܕܐ		3rd person	ܓܘܕܗ	ܓܘܕܗ	ܓܘܕܗܘܢ	ܓܘܕܗܝܢ
plural	absolute	ܓܘܕܢܝܢ		1st person	ܓܘܕܢܝ		ܓܘܕܢܝܢ
	construct	ܓܘܕܢܝ		2nd person	ܓܘܕܢܝܟ	ܓܘܕܢܝܟܝ	ܓܘܕܢܝܟܘܢ	ܓܘܕܢܝܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܓܘܕܢܐ		3rd person	ܓܘܕܢܘܗܝ	ܓܘܕܢܝܗ	ܓܘܕܢܝܗܘܢ	ܓܘܕܢܝܗܝܢ

Etymology 3

Compare Akkadian 𒋢𒄖𒁺 (gūdu), Georgian გუდა (guda).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɡawdɑ] (singular)
• IPA^(key): [ɡawde] (plural)

Noun

ܓܘܕܐ • (gawdā) f (plural ܓܘܕܐ (gawdē))

1. leather bottle
2. (figuratively) small amount

Inflection

Inflection of ܓܘܕܐ

	isolated forms			with possessive pronouns
	state	form		person	singular		plural
					m	f	m	f
singular	absolute	ܓܘܕ		1st person	ܓܘܕܝ		ܓܘܕܢ
	construct	ܓܘܕ		2nd person	ܓܘܕܟ	ܓܘܕܟܝ	ܓܘܕܟܘܢ	ܓܘܕܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܓܘܕܐ		3rd person	ܓܘܕܗ	ܓܘܕܗ	ܓܘܕܗܘܢ	ܓܘܕܗܝܢ
plural	absolute	ܓܘܕܝܢ		1st person	ܓܘܕܝ		ܓܘܕܝܢ
	construct	ܓܘܕܝ		2nd person	ܓܘܕܝܟ	ܓܘܕܝܟܝ	ܓܘܕܝܟܘܢ	ܓܘܕܝܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܓܘܕܐ		3rd person	ܓܘܕܘܗܝ	ܓܘܕܝܗ	ܓܘܕܝܗܘܢ	ܓܘܕܝܗܝܢ

Further reading

• “gwd³”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• “gwd⁴”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• “gwd²”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• Brockelmann, Carl (1928), Lexicon Syriacum (in Latin), 2nd edition, Halle: Max Niemeyer, published 1995, page 108a
• Costaz, Louis (2002), Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, page 44a
• Payne Smith, Jessie (1903), A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, pages 62b–63a
• Sokoloff, Michael (2009), A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana; Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, →ISBN, page 211b