ܚܠܦ

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic

Etymology 1

Root
ܚ ܠ ܦ (ḥ l p)
7 terms

From Aramaic חְלַף‎ (ḥəlap̄, “to change, alter”), from Proto-Semitic *ḫalap-; compare Akkadian 𒁽 (ḫalāpum, “to slip through”), Arabic خَلَفَ (ḵalafa, “to succeed”) and Hebrew חָלַף (khaláf, “to pass by”).

Pronunciation

• (standard) IPA^(key): [xɑːlepː]

Verb

ܚܵܠܹܦ • (ḥālēp) (present participle ܚܠܵܦܵܐ (ḥlāpā), past participle ܚܠܝܼܦܵܐ (ḥlīpā))

1. (intransitive) to be/become different; to differ
2. (intransitive) to rotate, turn, alternate
3. (intransitive) to move past, pass through, pass by

Conjugation

Conjugation of ܚܵܠܹܦ (ḥālēp)

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
past	m	ܚܠܝܼܦ ܠܝܼ (ḥlīp lī)	ܚܠܝܼܦ ܠܘܼܟ݂ (ḥlīp lūḵ)	ܚܠܝܼܦ ܠܹܗ (ḥlīp lēh)	ܚܠܝܼܦ ܠܲܢ (ḥlīp lan)	ܚܠܝܼܦ ܠܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (ḥlīp lāwḵōn)	ܚܠܝܼܦ ܠܗܘܿܢ (ḥlīp lhōn)
	f		ܚܠܝܼܦ ܠܵܟ݂ܝ (ḥlīp lāḵ)	ܚܠܝܼܦ ܠܵܗ̇ (ḥlīp lāh)
non-past	m	ܚܵܠܦܹܢ (ḥālpēn)	ܚܵܠܦܹܬ (ḥālpēt)	ܚܵܠܹܦ (ḥālēp)	ܚܵܠܦܲܚ (ḥālpaḥ)	ܚܵܠܦܝܼܬܘܿܢ (ḥālpītōn)	ܚܵܠܦܝܼ (ḥālpī)
	f	ܚܵܠܦܵܢ (ḥālpān)	ܚܵܠܦܵܬܝ (ḥālpāt)	ܚܵܠܦܵܐ (ḥālpā)
imperative	m		ܚܠܘܿܦ (ḥlōp)			ܚܠܘܿܦܘܼܢ (ḥlōpūn)
	f		ܚܠܘܿܦܝ (ḥlōp)

Derived terms

• ܡܚܲܠܸܦ (mḥallip)
• ܡܲܚܠܸܦ (maḥlip)
• ܡܫܲܚܠܸܦ (mšaḥlip)

Etymology 2

Construct state of ܚܠܵܦܵܐ (ḥlāpā, “exchange, substitute”); compare Hebrew חֵלֶף (khélef).

Pronunciation

• (standard) IPA^(key): [xəlɑpː]

Preposition

ܚܠܵܦ • (ḥlāp)

1. for, instead of, in place of

   Synonyms: ܡ̣ܢ ܓܹܢ݇ܒ (min gēb), ܒܕܘܼܟܲܬ݂ (bdūkaṯ), ܫܘܿܦ (šōp)

2. on account of, according to

   Synonyms: ܠܦܘܼܬ݂ (lpūṯ), ܐܲܝܟ݂ (ayḵ)

Inflection

Inflection of ܚܠܵܦ (ḥlāp)

Base Form			ܚܠܵܦ (ḥlāp)
Personal-pronoun including forms	singular		plural
	m	f
1st person	ܚܠܵܦܝܼ (ḥlāpī)		ܚܠܵܦܲܢ (ḥlāpan)
2nd person	ܚܠܵܦܘܼܟ݂ (ḥlāpūḵ)	ܚܠܵܦܵܟ݂ܝ (ḥlāpāḵ)	ܚܠܵܦܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (ḥlāpāwḵōn)
3rd person	ܚܠܵܦܘܼܗܝ (ḥlāpūh)	ܚܠܵܦܘܿܗ̇ (ḥlāpōh)	ܚܠܵܦܗܘܿܢ (ḥlāphōn)

Derived terms

• ܚܠܵܦܫܡܵܐ (ḥlāpšmā, “pronoun”)

Classical Syriac

Etymology 1

From the root ܚ-ܠ-ܦ (ḥ-l-p) related to changing. From Proto-Semitic *ḫalap-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ħ(ə)laf]

Verb

ܚܠܦ • (ḥlap̄) (future ܝܚܠܘܦ (yəḥlup̄))

1. to change, to exchange, to convert, to substitute

Etymology 2

Derived from ܚܠܘܦܬܐ (ḥālōp̄tā, “razor”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ħ(ə)laf]

Verb

ܚܠܦ • (ḥlap̄)

1. to shear, to shave

Etymology 3

From the root ܚ-ܠ-ܦ (ḥ-l-p) related to changing. Compare Hebrew חֵלֶף (ḥḗlep̄).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ħəlɑf], [ħulɑf]

Conjunction

ܚܠܦ • (ḥəlāp̄, ḥulāp̄)

1. (preceding -ܕ) the fact that, because
2. (preceding -ܗܝ ܕ) so that, in order that
3. (preceding ܕܠܐ) lest

Preposition

ܚܠܦ • (ḥəlāp̄, ḥulāp̄)

1. for, instead of, in place of
2. on account of, according to

Inflection

Takes type-II suffixes.

    declension of ܚܠܦ

1st c. sg. (me)	ܚܠܦܝ
2nd m. sg. (you)	ܚܠܦܝܟ
2nd f. sg. (you)	ܚܠܦܝܟܝ
3rd m. sg. (him)	ܚܠܦܘܗܝ
3rd f. sg. (her)	ܚܠܦܝܗ
1st c. pl. (us)	ܚܠܦܝܢ
2nd m. pl. (you)	ܚܠܦܝܟܘܢ
2nd f. pl. (you)	ܚܠܦܝܟܝܢ
3rd m. pl. (them)	ܚܠܦܝܗܘܢ
3rd f. pl. (them)	ܚܠܦܝܗܝܢ

References

• “ḥlp”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• “ḥlp²”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• “ḥwlp”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, page 106b
• Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 144a-b
• Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, pages 458b-459a