ܚܠܦ

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic

Etymology 1

Root
ܚ ܠ ܦ (ḥ l p)
10 terms

From Aramaic חְלַף (ḥəlap̄, “to change, alter”), from Proto-Semitic *ḫalap-; compare Akkadian 𒁽 (ḫalāpum, “to slip through”), Arabic خَلَفَ (ḵalafa, “to succeed”) and Hebrew חָלַף (khaláf, “to pass by”).

Pronunciation

• (Standard) IPA^(key): [xɑːlepː]

Verb

ܚܵܠܹܦ • (ḥālēp)

1. (intransitive) to be/become different; to differ
2. (intransitive) to rotate, turn, alternate
3. (intransitive) to move past, pass through, pass by
4. (transitive) to substitute, replace
5. (transitive) to confuse, mix up

Conjugation

Conjugation of ܚܵܠܹܦ

gerund	ܒܸܚܠܵܦܵܐ (biḥlāpā)
verbal noun	ܚܠܵܦܵܐ (ḥlāpā)
		singular				plural
passive participle	m	ܚܠܝܼܦܵܐ (ḥlīpā)				ܚܠܝܼܦܹ̈ܐ (ḥlīpē)
	f	ܚܠܝܼܦܬܵܐ (ḥlīptā)
agent noun	m	ܚܵܠܘܿܦܵܐ (ḥālōpā)				ܚܵܠܘܿܦܹ̈ܐ (ḥālōpē)
	f	ܚܵܠܘܿܦܬܵܐ (ḥālōptā)				ܚܵܠܘܿܦܝ̈ܵܬ݂ܵܐ (ḥālōpyāṯā)
instance noun		ܚܠܵܦܬܵܐ (ḥlāptā)				ܚܠܵܦ̈ܝܵܬ݂ܵܐ (ḥlāpyāṯā)
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
past	m	ܚܠܝܼܦ ܠܝܼ (ḥlīp lī)	ܚܠܝܼܦ ܠܘܼܟ݂ (ḥlīp lōḵ)	ܚܠܝܼܦ ܠܹܗ (ḥlīp lēh)	ܚܠܝܼܦ ܠܲܢ (ḥlīp lan)	ܚܠܝܼܦ ܠܲܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (ḥlīp lawḵōn)	ܚܠܝܼܦ ܠܗܘܿܢ (ḥlīp lhōn)
	f		ܚܠܝܼܦ ܠܵܟ݂ܝ (ḥlīp lāḵ)	ܚܠܝܼܦ ܠܵܗ̇ (ḥlīp lāh)
active non-past	m	ܚܵܠܦܹܢ (ḥālpēn)	ܚܵܠܦܹܬ (ḥālpēt)	ܚܵܠܹܦ (ḥālēp)	ܚܵܠܦܲܚ (ḥālpaḥ)	ܚܵܠܦܝܼܬܘܿܢ (ḥālpītōn)	ܚܵܠܦܝܼ (ḥālpī)
	f	ܚܵܠܦܵܢ (ḥālpān)	ܚܵܠܦܵܬܝ (ḥālpāt)	ܚܵܠܦܵܐ (ḥālpā)
passive past	m	ܚܠܝܼܦܸܢ (ḥlīpin)	ܚܠܝܼܦܸܬ (ḥlīpit)	ܚܠܝܼܦ (ḥlīp)	ܚܠܝܼܦܸܚ (ḥlīpiḥ)	ܚܠܝܼܦܝܼܬܘܿܢ (ḥlīpītōn)	ܚܠܝܼܦܝܼ (ḥlīpī)
	f	ܚܠܝܼܦܲܢ (ḥlīpan)	ܚܠܝܼܦܲܬܝ (ḥlīpat)	ܚܠܝܼܦܵܐ (ḥlīpā)
imperative	m		ܚܠܘܿܦ (ḥlōp)			ܚܠܘܿܦܘܼܢ (ḥlōpūn)
	f		ܚܠܘܿܦܝ (ḥlōp)

Generated by {{Template:aii-conj/G-strong|ܚ|ܠ|ܦ}}

Derived terms

• ܡܲܚܠܸܦ (maḥlip)
• ܡܫܲܚܠܸܦ (mšaḥlip)

Etymology 2

Construct state of ܚܠܵܦܵܐ (ḥlāpā, “exchange, substitute”); compare Hebrew חֵלֶף (khélef).

Pronunciation

• (Standard) IPA^(key): [xəlɑpː]

Preposition

ܚܠܵܦ • (ḥlāp)

1. for, instead of, in place of

   Synonyms: ܡܸܢ ܓܹܢ݇ܒ (min gēb), ܒܕܘܼܟܲܬ݂ (bdūkaṯ), ܫܘܿܦ (šōp)

2. on account of, according to

   Synonyms: ܠܦܘܼܬ݂ (lpūṯ), ܐܲܝܟ݂ (ayḵ)

3. (with pronouns) deep term of beseeching; please

   Synonyms: ܒܒܵܥܘܼ (bbāˁū), ܐܸܢ ܒܵܣܡܵܐ ܠܘܼܟ݂ (in bāsmā lōḵ)

Inflection

Inflection of ܚܠܵܦ

base form			ܚܠܵܦ (ḥlāp)
Personal-pronoun including forms
	singular		plural
	m	f
1st person	ܚܠܵܦܝܼ (ḥlāpī)		ܚܠܵܦܲܢ (ḥlāpan)
2nd person	ܚܠܵܦܘܼܟ݂ (ḥlāpōḵ)	ܚܠܵܦܵܟ݂ܝ (ḥlāpāḵ)	ܚܠܵܦܲܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (ḥlāpawḵōn)
3rd person	ܚܠܵܦܘܼܗܝ (ḥlāpūh)	ܚܠܵܦܘܿܗ̇ (ḥlāpōh)	ܚܠܵܦܲܝܗܘܿܢ (ḥlāpayhōn)

Noun

ܚܠܵܦ • (ḥlāp) m sg (plural ܚܠܵܦܲܝ̈ (ḥlāpay))

1. construct state singular of ܚܠܵܦܵܐ (ḥlāpā, “exchange, substitute”)
2. vice, deputy; designating a person below another in rank, or successor to a ruler

Derived terms

• ܚܠܵܦܫܡܵܐ (ḥlāpšmā, “pronoun”)
• ܚܠܵܦ ܡܲܠܟܵܐ (ḥlāp malkā, “regent”)
• ܚܠܵܦ ܡܕܲܒܪܵܢܵܐ (ḥlāp mdabrānā, “vice principal, deputy principal”)
• ܚܠܵܦ ܪܹܝܫ ܩܘܼܛܢܵܝܘܼܬ݂ܵܐ (ḥlāp rēš quṭnāyūṯā, “vice president”)

Classical Syriac

Etymology 1

Root
ܚ ܠ ܦ
4 terms

From Proto-Semitic *ḫalap-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ħ(ə)laf]

Verb

ܚܠܦ • (ḥlap̄) (future ܝܚܠܘܦ (yəḥlup̄))

1. to change, to exchange, to convert, to substitute

Etymology 2

Derived from ܚܠܘܦܬܐ (ḥālōp̄tā, “razor”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ħ(ə)laf]

Verb

ܚܠܦ • (ḥlap̄)

1. to shear, to shave

Etymology 3

Root
ܚ ܠ ܦ
4 terms

Compare Hebrew חֵלֶף (ḥḗlep̄).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ħəlɑf], [ħulɑf]

Conjunction

ܚܠܦ • (ḥəlāp̄, ḥulāp̄)

1. (preceding -ܕ) the fact that, because
2. (preceding -ܗܝ ܕ) so that, in order that
3. (preceding ܕܠܐ) lest

Preposition

ܚܠܦ • (ḥəlāp̄, ḥulāp̄)

1. for, instead of, in place of
2. on account of, according to

Inflection

Takes type-II suffixes.

Inflection of ܚܠܦ

person	singular		plural
	m	f	m	f
1st person	ܚܠܦܝ		ܚܠܦܝܢ
2nd person	ܚܠܦܝܟ	ܚܠܦܝܟܝ	ܚܠܦܝܟܘܢ	ܚܠܦܝܟܝܢ
3rd person	ܚܠܦܘܗܝ	ܚܠܦܝܗ	ܚܠܦܝܗܘܢ	ܚܠܦܝܗܝܢ

References

• “ḥlp”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• “ḥlp²”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• “ḥwlp”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• Costaz, Louis (2002), Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, page 106b
• Payne Smith, Jessie (1903), A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, pages 144a–b
• Sokoloff, Michael (2009), A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana; Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, →ISBN, pages 458b–459a