अश्रु

See also: अश्रि

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit अश्रु (áśru), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *Háśru, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háćru, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱru-, from compound *dr̥ḱ-h₂eḱru- (“eye bitter”) (compare *dáḱru-). Cognate with Greek δάκρυ (dákry), Lithuanian ašara, Latvian asara, English tear.

Doublet of आँसू (ā̃sū), a tadbhava.

Pronunciation

• (Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /əʃ.ɾuː/

Noun

अश्रु • (aśru) m (Urdu spelling اشر‎)

1. (poetic, uncommon) tear

Declension

Declension of अश्रु (masc u-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	अश्रु aśru	अश्रु aśru
oblique	अश्रु aśru	अश्रुओं aśruõ
vocative	अश्रु aśru	अश्रुओ aśruo

Related terms

• आँसू (ā̃sū)

Marathi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit अश्रु (áśru), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *Háśru, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háćru, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱru-, from compound *dr̥ḱ-h₂eḱru- (“eye bitter”). Doublet of आसू (āsū).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /əɕ.ɾu/, [əɕ.ɾuː]

Noun

अश्रु • (aśru) m

1. tear

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• ᬅᬰ᭄ᬭᬸ (Balinese script)
• অশ্ৰু (Assamese script)
• অশ্রু (Bengali script)
• 𑰀𑰫𑰿𑰨𑰲 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀅𑀰𑁆𑀭𑀼 (Brahmi script)
• 𑌅𑌶𑍍𑌰𑍁 (Grantha script)
• અશ્રુ (Gujarati script)
• ਅਸ਼ੑਰੁ (Gurmukhi script)
• ꦄꦯꦿꦸ (Javanese script)
• អឝ្រុ (Khmer script)
• ಅಶ್ರು (Kannada script)
• ອຨ຺ຣຸ (Lao script)
• അശ്രു (Malayalam script)
• 𑘀𑘫𑘿𑘨𑘳 (Modi script)
• ᠠᠱᠷᠤ (Mongolian script)
• ᠠᡧᡵᡠ (Manchu script)
• အၐြု (Burmese script)
• 𑦠𑧋𑧠𑧈𑧔 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐀𑐱𑑂𑐬𑐸 (Newa script)
• ଅଶ୍ରୁ (Odia script)
• ꢂꢯ꣄ꢬꢸ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆃𑆯𑇀𑆫𑆶 (Sharada script)
• 𑖀𑖫𑖿𑖨𑗜 (Siddham script)
• අශ්රු (Sinhalese script)
• అశ్రు (Telugu script)
• อศฺรุ (Thai script)
• ཨ་ཤྲུ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒁𑒬𑓂𑒩𑒳 (Tirhuta script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Háśru, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háćru, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱru, from compound *dr̥ḱ-h₂eḱru- (“eye bitter”) (compare *dáḱru-). Cognate with Avestan 𐬀𐬯𐬭𐬏-‎ (asrū-), 𐬀𐬯𐬭𐬏𐬀𐬰𐬀𐬥‎ (asrūazan), Lithuanian ãšara, Ancient Greek δάκρυ (dákru), Hittite 𒅖𒄩𒀪𒊒 (isḫaḫru), Tocharian A ākär, Gothic 𐍄𐌰𐌲𐍂 (tagr), Old Armenian արտաւսր (artawsr), Latin lacrima, and Old English tēar (whence English tear).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɐ́ɕ.ɾu/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈɐɕ.ɾu/

Noun

अश्रु • (áśru) root form, n

1. tear

   with मुच् (muc), कृ (kṛ) or वृत् (vṛt) — to shed tears, weep

   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.95.12b:

     कदा सूनुः पितरं जात इछाच्चक्रन नाश्रु वर्तयद्विजानन ।
     को दम्पती समनसा वि यूयोदध यदग्निःश्वशुरेषु दीदयत ॥

     kadā sūnuḥ pitaraṃ jāta ichāccakrana nāśru vartayadvijānana .
     ko dampatī samanasā vi yūyodadha yadagniḥśvaśureṣu dīdayata .

     When will the son be born and seek his father? Mourner-like, will he weep when first he knows him?
     Who shall divide the accordant wife and husband, while fire is shining with thy consort's parents?

Declension

Neuter u-stem declension of अश्रु (áśru)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	अश्रु áśru	अश्रुणी áśruṇī	अश्रू / अश्रु / अश्रूणि¹ áśrū / áśru / áśrūṇi¹
Vocative	अश्रु / अश्रो áśru / áśro	अश्रुणी áśruṇī	अश्रू / अश्रु / अश्रूणि¹ áśrū / áśru / áśrūṇi¹
Accusative	अश्रु áśru	अश्रुणी áśruṇī	अश्रू / अश्रु / अश्रूणि¹ áśrū / áśru / áśrūṇi¹
Instrumental	अश्रुणा / अश्र्वा² áśruṇā / áśrvā²	अश्रुभ्याम् áśrubhyām	अश्रुभिः áśrubhiḥ
Dative	अश्रवे / अश्र्वे³ áśrave / áśrve³	अश्रुभ्याम् áśrubhyām	अश्रुभ्यः áśrubhyaḥ
Ablative	अश्रोः / अश्रुणः¹ / अश्र्वः³ áśroḥ / áśruṇaḥ¹ / áśrvaḥ³	अश्रुभ्याम् áśrubhyām	अश्रुभ्यः áśrubhyaḥ
Genitive	अश्रोः / अश्रुणः¹ / अश्र्वः³ áśroḥ / áśruṇaḥ¹ / áśrvaḥ³	अश्रुणोः áśruṇoḥ	अश्रूणाम् áśrūṇām
Locative	अश्रुणि áśruṇi	अश्रुणोः áśruṇoḥ	अश्रुषु áśruṣu
Notes	¹Later Sanskrit ²Vedic ³Less common

Descendants

• Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀅𑀁𑀲𑀼 (aṃsu), 𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀼 (assu)
  • Old Marathi: 𑘀𑘭𑘳 (asu), 𑘁𑘭𑘳 (āsu)
    • Marathi: आसू (āsū)
• Pali: assu
  • → Khmer: អស្សុ (ʼahsoʼ)
• Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀼 (assu), 𑀅𑀁𑀲𑀼 (aṃsu)
  • Dogri: अत्थरूं (attharū̃)
  • Old Gujarati:
    • Gujarati: આંસુ (ā̃su)
    • Rajasthani: आंहू (ā̃hū)
  • Hindustani:

    Hindi: आँसू (ā̃sū)

    Urdu: آنسو‎ (ā̃sū)

  • Nepali: आशू (āśū)
  • Punjabi: ਅੱਥਰੂ (attharū) / اتّھرو‎ (attharū)
  • Vaghri: અસ્સૂ (assū)
• → Bengali: অশ্রু (osru)
• → Gujarati: અશ્રુ (aśru)
• → Hindi: अश्रु (aśru)
• → Kannada: ಅಶ್ರು (aśru)
• → Malayalam: അശ്രു (aśru)
• → Marathi: अश्रू (aśrū)
• ⇒ Telugu: అశ్రువు (aśruvu)

References

• “अश्रु” in Carl Cappeller, A Sanskrit–English Dictionary: Based upon the St. Petersburg Lexicons, Strasbourg: Karl J. Trübner, 1891, →OCLC, page 51.
• Monier Williams (1899), “अश्रु”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0114.
• Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893), “अश्रु”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press, page 033
• Horace Hayman Wilson, A dictionary in Sanscrit and English, 2nd ed., Calcutta: Education Press, Circular Road, 1832, page 089