चार

See also: चारु, चोरी, चोर, चर्, चौर, चुर्, and चरा

Bhojpuri

Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit चत्वारः (catvāraḥ), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *čatwā́ras, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwóres.

Numeral

चार (cār)

1. four

Hindi

Hindi numbers ^(edit)

	40
←  3	४ 4	5  →
Cardinal: चार (cār)     Ordinal: चौथा (cauthā), चतुर्थ (caturth)     Adverbial: चौबारा (caubārā)     Multiplier: चौगुना (caugunā)     Collective: चारों (cārõ)     Fractional: चौथाई (cauthāī)

Etymology

Inherited from Old Hindi चारि (cāri), from Prakrit *𑀘𑀬𑀸𑀭𑀺 (*cayāri), an alteration of attested Prakrit 𑀘𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀭𑀺 (cattari), from Sanskrit चत्वारि (catvā́ri), चत्वारः (catvā́raḥ), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *ćatwā́ras, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *čatwā́ras, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwóres. Cognate with Gujarati ચાર (cār), Konkani चार (cār), Marathi चार (cār), Nepali चार (cār). The alteration in Prakrit was probably based off the Sanskrit accusative चतुरः (caturaḥ) without a consonant cluster where intervocalic t > y is expected, but could also be an abnormal numeral phonological development. Cognate with Gujarati ચાર (cār), Konkani चार (cār), Marathi चार (cār), Nepali चार (cār), and distantly English four.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Hindi) IPA^(key): /t͡ʃɑːɾ/, [t͡ʃäːɾ]

• Audio (Delhi):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɑːɾ

Numeral

चार • (cār) (native script symbol ४, Urdu spelling چار) (cardinal)

1. four

References

• Jaroslav Strnad (2013), Morphology and Syntax of Old Hindī : Edition and Analysis of One Hundred Kabīr Vānī Poems From Rājasthān (Brill's Indological Library; 45), Leiden, →OCLC, page 241
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “cāra”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 252
• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993), “चार”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press

Konkani

Konkani cardinal numbers

<  तीन	चार	पाच  >
Cardinal : चार (cār)     Ordinal : चौतो (cauto)

Etymology

From Maharastri Prakrit 𑀘𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀭𑁄 (cattāro), from Sanskrit चत्वारः (catvā́raḥ). Cognate with Gujarati ચાર (cār), Hindi चार (cār), Marathi चार (cār), Nepali चार (cār).

Numeral

चार • (cār) (Latin script char, Kannada script ಚಾರ್)

1. four

Marathi

Marathi numbers ^(edit)

	40
←  3	४ 4	5  →
Cardinal: चार (cār)     Ordinal: चौथे (cauthe)     Adverbial: चारवेळा (cārveḷā), चारदा (cārdā)     Multiplier: चौपट (caupaṭ)     Collective: चौघे (caughe)     Fractional: पाव (pāv), चतुर्थांश (caturthāuśa)

Etymology

Inherited from Maharastri Prakrit 𑀘𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀭𑁄 (cattāro), from Sanskrit चत्वारः (catvā́raḥ). Cognate with Gujarati ચાર (cār), Hindi चार (cār), Konkani चार (cār), Nepali चार (cār).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /t͡ɕaɾ/

• Audio:

  (file)

Numeral

चार • (cār)

1. four

Nepali

Nepali numbers ^(edit)

	40
←  3	४ 4	5  →
Cardinal: चार (cār)     Ordinal: चौथो (cautho)     Multiplier: चारगुना (cāragunā), चारगुणा (cāraguṇā)

Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit चत्वारस् (catvāras). Cognate with Gujarati ચાર (cār), Hindi चार (cār), Konkani चार (cār), Marathi चार (cār).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [t͡sär]
• Phonetic Devanagari: चार्

Numeral

चार • (cār)

1. four

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

• cāra (Latin script)
• 𑀘𑀸𑀭 (Brahmi script)
• চার (Bengali script)
• චාර (Sinhalese script)
• စာရ or ၸႃရ (Burmese script)
• จาร or จาระ (Thai script)
• ᨧᩣᩁ (Tai Tham script)
• ຈາຣ or ຈາຣະ (Lao script)
• ចារ (Khmer script)
• 𑄌𑄂𑄢 (Chakma script)

Noun

चार m

1. Devanagari script form of cāra

Declension

Declension table of "चार" (masculine)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	चारो (cāro)	चारा (cārā)
Accusative (second)	चारं (cāraṃ)	चारे (cāre)
Instrumental (third)	चारेन (cārena)	चारेहि (cārehi) or चारेभि (cārebhi)
Dative (fourth)	चारस्स (cārassa) or चाराय (cārāya) or चारत्थं (cāratthaṃ)	चारानं (cārānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	चारस्मा (cārasmā) or चारम्हा (cāramhā) or चारा (cārā)	चारेहि (cārehi) or चारेभि (cārebhi)
Genitive (sixth)	चारस्स (cārassa)	चारानं (cārānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	चारस्मिं (cārasmiṃ) or चारम्हि (cāramhi) or चारे (cāre)	चारेसु (cāresu)
Vocative (calling)	चार (cāra)	चारा (cārā)

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• চাৰ (Assamese script)
• ᬘᬵᬭ (Balinese script)
• চার (Bengali script)
• 𑰓𑰯𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀘𑀸𑀭 (Brahmi script)
• စာရ (Burmese script)
• ચાર (Gujarati script)
• ਚਾਰ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌚𑌾𑌰 (Grantha script)
• ꦕꦴꦫ (Javanese script)
• 𑂒𑂰𑂩 (Kaithi script)
• ಚಾರ (Kannada script)
• ចារ (Khmer script)
• ຈາຣ (Lao script)
• ചാര (Malayalam script)
• ᢜᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘓𑘰𑘨 (Modi script)
• ᢋᠠᢗᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦳𑧑𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐔𑐵𑐬 (Newa script)
• ଚାର (Odia script)
• ꢗꢵꢬ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆖𑆳𑆫 (Sharada script)
• 𑖓𑖯𑖨 (Siddham script)
• චාර (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩡𑩛𑩼 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚏𑚭𑚤 (Takri script)
• சார (Tamil script)
• చార (Telugu script)
• จาร (Thai script)
• ཙཱ་ར (Tibetan script)
• 𑒔𑒰𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨣𑨊𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Vṛddhi derivative of चर (cara).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /t͡ɕɑː.ɾɐ/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /t͡ɕɑː.ɾɐ/

Noun

चार • (cāra) stem, m (root चर्)

1. going, motion, progression, course
2. wandering about, travelling
3. proceeding
4. practicing

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of चार

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	चारः (cāraḥ)	चारौ (cārau) चारा¹ (cārā¹)	चाराः (cārāḥ) चारासः¹ (cārāsaḥ¹)
accusative	चारम् (cāram)	चारौ (cārau) चारा¹ (cārā¹)	चारान् (cārān)
instrumental	चारेण (cāreṇa)	चाराभ्याम् (cārābhyām)	चारैः (cāraiḥ) चारेभिः¹ (cārebhiḥ¹)
dative	चाराय (cārāya)	चाराभ्याम् (cārābhyām)	चारेभ्यः (cārebhyaḥ)
ablative	चारात् (cārāt)	चाराभ्याम् (cārābhyām)	चारेभ्यः (cārebhyaḥ)
genitive	चारस्य (cārasya)	चारयोः (cārayoḥ)	चाराणाम् (cārāṇām)
locative	चारे (cāre)	चारयोः (cārayoḥ)	चारेषु (cāreṣu)
vocative	चार (cāra)	चारौ (cārau) चारा¹ (cārā¹)	चाराः (cārāḥ) चारासः¹ (cārāsaḥ¹)

• ¹Vedic

Descendants

• Pali: cāra

References

• Monier Williams (1899), “चार”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 393, column 2.