तीर

Hindi

Pronunciation

• (Standard Hindi) IPA^(key): /t̪iːɾ/
• Rhymes: -iːɾ

Etymology 1

From Sanskrit तीर (tīra).

Noun

तीर • (tīr) m (Urdu spelling تیر)

1. shore
2. bank
3. margin
4. brink
5. edge

Declension

Declension of तीर (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	तीर tīr	तीर tīr
oblique	तीर tīr	तीरों tīrõ
vocative	तीर tīr	तीरो tīro

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Classical Persian تیر (tīr).

Proper noun

तीर • (tīr) f (Urdu spelling تیر)

1. (rare) Tir (fourth solar month of the Persian calendar)
2. (rare) Mercury (planet)

   Synonym: बुध (budh)

Declension

Declension of तीर (sg-only fem cons-stem)

	singular
direct	तीर tīr
oblique	तीर tīr
vocative	तीर tīr

Etymology 3

Borrowed from Classical Persian تیر (tīr), from Middle Persian 𐭧𐭲𐭩𐭠 (ḥtyʾ) / HTYA / tgl (tigr, tīr, “arrow”). Compare Bengali তীর (tir), Gujarati તીર (tīr), Marathi तीर (tīr), Nepali तीर (tīra), Punjabi ਤੀਰ (tīr), Marwari तीर (tīr).

Noun

तीर • (tīr) m (Urdu spelling تیر)

1. arrow

   Synonym: बाण (bāṇ)

2. beam
3. pole

Declension

Declension of तीर (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	तीर tīr	तीर tīr
oblique	तीर tīr	तीरों tīrõ
vocative	तीर tīr	तीरो tīro

Marathi

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /t̪iɾ/, [t̪iːɾ]

Etymology 1

नदीचे तीर

Inherited from Sanskrit तीर (tīra, “bank”), through Old Marathi 𑘝𑘲𑘨 (tīra, “bank”).

Noun

तीर • (tīr) m

1. bank (of a river)

   Synonyms: काठ (kāṭh), किनारा (kinārā)

Declension

Declension of तीर (masc cons-stem)
direct singular	तीर tīr
direct plural	तीर tīr
	singular एकवचन		plural अनेकवचन
nominative प्रथमा	तीर tīr		तीर tīr
oblique सामान्यरूप	तीरा tīrā		तीरां- tīrān-
acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी	तीराला tīrālā		तीरांना tīrānnā
ergative	तीराने, तीरानं tīrāne, tīrāna		तीरांनी tīrānnī
instrumental	तीराशी tīrāśī		तीरांशी tīrānśī
locative सप्तमी	तीरात tīrāt		तीरांत tīrāt
vocative संबोधन	तीरा tīrā		तीरांनो tīrānno
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.

Genitive declension of तीर (masc cons-stem)
	masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म		feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म		neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म		oblique सामान्यरूप
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular* एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन
singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता	तीराचा tīrāċā	तीराचे tīrāċe	तीराची tīrācī	तीराच्या tīrācā	तीराचे, तीराचं tīrāċe, tīrāċa	तीराची tīrācī	तीराच्या tīrācā
plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता	तीरांचा tīrānċā	तीरांचे tīrānċe	तीरांची tīrāñcī	तीरांच्या tīrāncā	तीरांचे, तीरांचं tīrānċe, tīrānċa	तीरांची tīrāñcī	तीरांच्या tīrāñcā
* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Classical Persian تیر (tīr).

Noun

तीर • (tīr) m

1. arrow

   Synonyms: ( most common) बाण (bāṇ), शर (śar)

Declension

Declension of तीर (masc cons-stem)
direct singular	तीर tīr
direct plural	तीर tīr
	singular एकवचन		plural अनेकवचन
nominative प्रथमा	तीर tīr		तीर tīr
oblique सामान्यरूप	तीरा tīrā		तीरां- tīrān-
acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी	तीराला tīrālā		तीरांना tīrānnā
ergative	तीराने, तीरानं tīrāne, tīrāna		तीरांनी tīrānnī
instrumental	तीराशी tīrāśī		तीरांशी tīrānśī
locative सप्तमी	तीरात tīrāt		तीरांत tīrāt
vocative संबोधन	तीरा tīrā		तीरांनो tīrānno
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.

Genitive declension of तीर (masc cons-stem)
	masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म		feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म		neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म		oblique सामान्यरूप
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular* एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन
singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता	तीराचा tīrāċā	तीराचे tīrāċe	तीराची tīrācī	तीराच्या tīrācā	तीराचे, तीराचं tīrāċe, tīrāċa	तीराची tīrācī	तीराच्या tīrācā
plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता	तीरांचा tīrānċā	तीरांचे tīrānċe	तीरांची tīrāñcī	तीरांच्या tīrāncā	तीरांचे, तीरांचं tīrānċe, tīrānċa	तीरांची tīrāñcī	तीरांच्या tīrāñcā
* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

See also

• धनुष्य (dhanuṣya, “bow”)
• भाता (bhātā, “quiver”)

References

• Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983), “तीर”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
• Shridhar Ganesh Vaze (1911), “तीर”, in The Aryabhusan School Dictionary, Poona: Arya-Bhushan Press
• Shankar Gopal Tulpule; Anne Feldhaus (1999), “तीर”, in A Dictionary of Old Marathi, Mumbai: Popular Prakashan

Marwari

Etymology 1

From Sanskrit तीर (tīra).

Noun

तीर (tīr) ?

1. shore
2. bank

Etymology 2

From Classical Persian تیر (tīr).

Noun

तीर (tīr) ?

1. arrow

References

• Bhanwar, Lal Suthar; Gahlot, Sukhveer Singh (1998), राजस्थानी-हिन्दी-अंग्रेजी कोश [rājasthānī-hindī-aṅgrejī koś, Rajasthani-Hindi-English Dictionary] (in Hindi), Jodhpur: Bharat Printers (Press), page 155

Nepali

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [t̪iɾʌ]
• Phonetic Devanagari: तिर्

Etymology 1

Inherited from Sanskrit तीर (tīra).

Noun

तीर • (tīra)

1. bank; edge of a river

   Synonym: किनार (kinār)

2. shore, beach

   Synonym: तट (taṭ)

Declension

Declension of तीर
	Singular	Plural
nominative	तीर [t̪ir]	तीरहरू [t̪irɦʌɾu]
accusative/dative	तीरलाई [t̪irläi]	तीरहरूलाई [t̪irɦʌɾuläi]
instrumental/ergative	तीरले [t̪irle]	तीरहरूले [t̪irɦʌɾule]
ablative	तीरबाट [t̪irbäʈʌ]	तीरहरूबाट [t̪irɦʌɾubäʈʌ]
genitive	तीरको [t̪irko]	तीरहरूको [t̪irɦʌɾuko]
locative	तीरमा [t̪irmä]	तीरहरूमा [t̪irɦʌɾumä]
Notes: -को (-ko) becomes: -का (-kā) when followed by a plural noun. -की (-kī) when followed by a feminine noun.

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Hindi तीर (tīr), from Classical Persian تِیر (tīr).

Noun

तीर • (tīra)

1. arrow

   Synonyms: बाण (bāṇ), काँड (kā̃ḍ)

Declension

Declension of तीर
	Singular	Plural
nominative	तीर [t̪ir]	तीरहरू [t̪irɦʌɾu]
accusative/dative	तीरलाई [t̪irläi]	तीरहरूलाई [t̪irɦʌɾuläi]
instrumental/ergative	तीरले [t̪irle]	तीरहरूले [t̪irɦʌɾule]
ablative	तीरबाट [t̪irbäʈʌ]	तीरहरूबाट [t̪irɦʌɾubäʈʌ]
genitive	तीरको [t̪irko]	तीरहरूको [t̪irɦʌɾuko]
locative	तीरमा [t̪irmä]	तीरहरूमा [t̪irɦʌɾumä]
Notes: -को (-ko) becomes: -का (-kā) when followed by a plural noun. -की (-kī) when followed by a feminine noun.

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

• tīra (Latin script)
• 𑀢𑀻𑀭 (Brahmi script)
• তীর (Bengali script)
• තීර (Sinhalese script)
• တီရ or တဳရ (Burmese script)
• ตีร or ตีระ (Thai script)
• ᨲᩦᩁ (Tai Tham script)
• ຕີຣ or ຕີຣະ (Lao script)
• តីរ (Khmer script)
• 𑄖𑄩𑄢 (Chakma script)

Noun

तीर n

1. Devanagari script form of tīra (“shore”)

Declension

Declension table of "तीर" (neuter)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	तीरं (tīraṃ)	तीरानि (tīrāni)
Accusative (second)	तीरं (tīraṃ)	तीरानि (tīrāni)
Instrumental (third)	तीरेन (tīrena)	तीरेहि (tīrehi) or तीरेभि (tīrebhi)
Dative (fourth)	तीरस्स (tīrassa) or तीराय (tīrāya) or तीरत्थं (tīratthaṃ)	तीरानं (tīrānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	तीरस्मा (tīrasmā) or तीरम्हा (tīramhā) or तीरा (tīrā)	तीरेहि (tīrehi) or तीरेभि (tīrebhi)
Genitive (sixth)	तीरस्स (tīrassa)	तीरानं (tīrānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	तीरस्मिं (tīrasmiṃ) or तीरम्हि (tīramhi) or तीरे (tīre)	तीरेसु (tīresu)
Vocative (calling)	तीर (tīra)	तीरानि (tīrāni)

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• তীৰ (Assamese script)
• ᬢᬷᬭ (Balinese script)
• তীর (Bengali script)
• 𑰝𑰱𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀢𑀻𑀭 (Brahmi script)
• တီရ (Burmese script)
• તીર (Gujarati script)
• ਤੀਰ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌤𑍀𑌰 (Grantha script)
• ꦠꦷꦫ (Javanese script)
• 𑂞𑂲𑂩 (Kaithi script)
• ತೀರ (Kannada script)
• តីរ (Khmer script)
• ຕີຣ (Lao script)
• തീര (Malayalam script)
• ᢠᡳᡳᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘝𑘲𑘨 (Modi script)
• ᢐᠢᠢᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦽𑧓𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐟𑐷𑐬 (Newa script)
• ତୀର (Odia script)
• ꢡꢷꢬ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆠𑆵𑆫 (Sharada script)
• 𑖝𑖱𑖨 (Siddham script)
• තීර (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩫𑩑𑩛𑩼 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚙𑚯𑚤 (Takri script)
• தீர (Tamil script)
• తీర (Telugu script)
• ตีร (Thai script)
• ཏཱི་ར (Tibetan script)
• 𑒞𑒲𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨙𑨁𑨊𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /tiː.ɾɐ/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /t̪iː.ɾɐ/

Etymology 1

Mayrhofer takes the word as a lengthened grade derivative of the root तॄ (tṝ, “to pass”).

An older theory by Ferdinand Kittel considers the word as "purely Dravidian"; compare Malayalam തീരം (tīraṁ). Kittel was not a linguist, and the Malayalam word has the shape of a Sanskritic borrowing, which, when coupled with Mayrhofer's Indo-European derivation, makes the theory unconvincing.

Noun

तीर • (tīra) stem, n

1. beach, shore
2. bank of a water body
3. the brim of a vessel

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of तीर

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	तीरम् (tīram)	तीरे (tīre)	तीराणि (tīrāṇi) तीरा¹ (tīrā¹)
accusative	तीरम् (tīram)	तीरे (tīre)	तीराणि (tīrāṇi) तीरा¹ (tīrā¹)
instrumental	तीरेण (tīreṇa)	तीराभ्याम् (tīrābhyām)	तीरैः (tīraiḥ) तीरेभिः¹ (tīrebhiḥ¹)
dative	तीराय (tīrāya)	तीराभ्याम् (tīrābhyām)	तीरेभ्यः (tīrebhyaḥ)
ablative	तीरात् (tīrāt)	तीराभ्याम् (tīrābhyām)	तीरेभ्यः (tīrebhyaḥ)
genitive	तीरस्य (tīrasya)	तीरयोः (tīrayoḥ)	तीराणाम् (tīrāṇām)
locative	तीरे (tīre)	तीरयोः (tīrayoḥ)	तीरेषु (tīreṣu)
vocative	तीर (tīra)	तीरे (tīre)	तीराणि (tīrāṇi) तीरा¹ (tīrā¹)

• ¹Vedic

Descendants

• Marwari: तीर (tīr)
• Bengali: তীর (tir)
• Telugu: తీరము (tīramu) / తీరం (tīraṁ)

Etymology 2

Probably a clipping of कस्तीर (kastīra, “tin”).

Noun

तीर • (tīra) stem, m

1. tin

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of तीर

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	तीरः (tīraḥ)	तीरौ (tīrau) तीरा¹ (tīrā¹)	तीराः (tīrāḥ) तीरासः¹ (tīrāsaḥ¹)
accusative	तीरम् (tīram)	तीरौ (tīrau) तीरा¹ (tīrā¹)	तीरान् (tīrān)
instrumental	तीरेण (tīreṇa)	तीराभ्याम् (tīrābhyām)	तीरैः (tīraiḥ) तीरेभिः¹ (tīrebhiḥ¹)
dative	तीराय (tīrāya)	तीराभ्याम् (tīrābhyām)	तीरेभ्यः (tīrebhyaḥ)
ablative	तीरात् (tīrāt)	तीराभ्याम् (tīrābhyām)	तीरेभ्यः (tīrebhyaḥ)
genitive	तीरस्य (tīrasya)	तीरयोः (tīrayoḥ)	तीराणाम् (tīrāṇām)
locative	तीरे (tīre)	तीरयोः (tīrayoḥ)	तीरेषु (tīreṣu)
vocative	तीर (tīra)	तीरौ (tīrau) तीरा¹ (tīrā¹)	तीराः (tīrāḥ) तीरासः¹ (tīrāsaḥ¹)

• ¹Vedic

Noun

तीर • (tīra) stem, n

1. a kind of arrow

Further reading

• Monier Williams (1899), “तीर”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 449/1.