तीर
Hindi
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Noun
[edit]तीर • (tīr) m (Urdu spelling تیر)
Declension
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Borrowed from Classical Persian تیر (tīr).
Proper noun
[edit]तीर • (tīr) f (Urdu spelling تیر)
Declension
[edit]singular | |
---|---|
direct | तीर tīr |
oblique | तीर tīr |
vocative | तीर tīr |
Etymology 3
[edit]Borrowed from Classical Persian تیر (tīr), from Middle Persian 𐭧𐭲𐭩𐭠 (ḥtyʾ) / HTYA / tgl (tigr, tīr, “arrow”). Compare Bengali তীর (tir), Gujarati તીર (tīr), Marathi तीर (tīr), Nepali तीर (tīra), Punjabi ਤੀਰ (tīr), Marwari तीर (tīr).
Noun
[edit]तीर • (tīr) m (Urdu spelling تیر)
Declension
[edit]Marathi
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Classical Persian تیر (tīr).
Noun
[edit]तीर • (tīr) ?
Marwari
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Noun
[edit]तीर (tīr) ?
Etymology 2
[edit]From Classical Persian تیر (tīr).
Noun
[edit]तीर (tīr) ?
References
[edit]- Bhanwar Lal Suthar and Sukhveer Singh Gahlot (1998), Rajasthani-Hindi-English Dictionary, page 155. Jodhpur: Bharat Printers (Press).
Nepali
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Inherited from Sanskrit तीर (tīra)[1].
Noun
[edit]तीर • (tīra)
Declension
[edit]Declension of तीर | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | ||
nominative | तीर [t̪ir] | तीरहरू [t̪irɦʌɾu] | |
accusative | तीरलाई [t̪irläi] | तीरहरूलाई [t̪irɦʌɾuläi] | |
instrumental/ergative | तीरले [t̪irle] | तीरहरूले [t̪irɦʌɾule] | |
dative | तीरलाई [t̪irläi] | तीरहरूलाई [t̪irɦʌɾuläi] | |
ablative | तीरबाट [t̪irbäʈʌ] | तीरहरूबाट [t̪irɦʌɾubäʈʌ] | |
genitive | तीरको [t̪irko] | तीरहरूको [t̪irɦʌɾuko] | |
locative | तीरमा [t̪irmä] | तीरहरूमा [t̪irɦʌɾumä] | |
Notes: |
Etymology 2
[edit]From Classical Persian تیر (tīr)[2].
Noun
[edit]तीर • (tīra)
Declension
[edit]Declension of तीर | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | ||
nominative | तीर [t̪ir] | तीरहरू [t̪irɦʌɾu] | |
accusative | तीरलाई [t̪irläi] | तीरहरूलाई [t̪irɦʌɾuläi] | |
instrumental/ergative | तीरले [t̪irle] | तीरहरूले [t̪irɦʌɾule] | |
dative | तीरलाई [t̪irläi] | तीरहरूलाई [t̪irɦʌɾuläi] | |
ablative | तीरबाट [t̪irbäʈʌ] | तीरहरूबाट [t̪irɦʌɾubäʈʌ] | |
genitive | तीरको [t̪irko] | तीरहरूको [t̪irɦʌɾuko] | |
locative | तीरमा [t̪irmä] | तीरहरूमा [t̪irɦʌɾumä] | |
Notes: |
References
[edit]- ^ “तीर”, in नेपाली बृहत् शब्दकोश (nepālī br̥hat śabdakoś) [Comprehensive Nepali Dictionary][1], Kathmandu: Nepal Academy, 2018
- ^ “तीर”, in नेपाली बृहत् शब्दकोश (nepālī br̥hat śabdakoś) [Comprehensive Nepali Dictionary][2], Kathmandu: Nepal Academy, 2018
Pali
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Noun
[edit]तीर n
- Devanagari script form of tīra (“shore”)
Declension
[edit]Case \ Number | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative (first) | तीरं (tīraṃ) | तीरानि (tīrāni) |
Accusative (second) | तीरं (tīraṃ) | तीरानि (tīrāni) |
Instrumental (third) | तीरेन (tīrena) | तीरेहि (tīrehi) or तीरेभि (tīrebhi) |
Dative (fourth) | तीरस्स (tīrassa) or तीराय (tīrāya) or तीरत्थं (tīratthaṃ) | तीरानं (tīrānaṃ) |
Ablative (fifth) | तीरस्मा (tīrasmā) or तीरम्हा (tīramhā) or तीरा (tīrā) | तीरेहि (tīrehi) or तीरेभि (tīrebhi) |
Genitive (sixth) | तीरस्स (tīrassa) | तीरानं (tīrānaṃ) |
Locative (seventh) | तीरस्मिं (tīrasmiṃ) or तीरम्हि (tīramhi) or तीरे (tīre) | तीरेसु (tīresu) |
Vocative (calling) | तीर (tīra) | तीरानि (tīrāni) |
Sanskrit
[edit]Alternative scripts
[edit]- তীৰ (Assamese script)
- ᬢᬷᬭ (Balinese script)
- তীর (Bengali script)
- 𑰝𑰱𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀢𑀻𑀭 (Brahmi script)
- တီရ (Burmese script)
- તીર (Gujarati script)
- ਤੀਰ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌤𑍀𑌰 (Grantha script)
- ꦠꦷꦫ (Javanese script)
- 𑂞𑂲𑂩 (Kaithi script)
- ತೀರ (Kannada script)
- តីរ (Khmer script)
- ຕີຣ (Lao script)
- തീര (Malayalam script)
- ᢠᡳᡳᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘝𑘲𑘨 (Modi script)
- ᢐᠢᠢᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦽𑧓𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐟𑐷𑐬 (Newa script)
- ତୀର (Odia script)
- ꢡꢷꢬ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆠𑆵𑆫 (Sharada script)
- 𑖝𑖱𑖨 (Siddham script)
- තීර (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩫𑩑𑩛𑩼 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚙𑚯𑚤 (Takri script)
- தீர (Tamil script)
- తీర (Telugu script)
- ตีร (Thai script)
- ཏཱི་ར (Tibetan script)
- 𑒞𑒲𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨙𑨁𑨊𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)
Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Mayrhofer takes the word as a lengthened grade derivative of the root तॄ (tṝ, “to pass”).[1]
An older theory by Ferdinand Kittel considers the word as "purely Dravidian"; compare Malayalam തീരം (tīraṁ).[2] Kittel was not a linguist, and the Malayalam word has the shape of a Sanskritic borrowing, which, when coupled with Mayrhofer's Indo-European derivation, makes the theory unconvincing.
Noun
[edit]तीर • (tīra) stem, n
Declension
[edit]Neuter a-stem declension of तीर (tīra) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | तीरम् tīram |
तीरे tīre |
तीराणि / तीरा¹ tīrāṇi / tīrā¹ |
Vocative | तीर tīra |
तीरे tīre |
तीराणि / तीरा¹ tīrāṇi / tīrā¹ |
Accusative | तीरम् tīram |
तीरे tīre |
तीराणि / तीरा¹ tīrāṇi / tīrā¹ |
Instrumental | तीरेण tīreṇa |
तीराभ्याम् tīrābhyām |
तीरैः / तीरेभिः¹ tīraiḥ / tīrebhiḥ¹ |
Dative | तीराय tīrāya |
तीराभ्याम् tīrābhyām |
तीरेभ्यः tīrebhyaḥ |
Ablative | तीरात् tīrāt |
तीराभ्याम् tīrābhyām |
तीरेभ्यः tīrebhyaḥ |
Genitive | तीरस्य tīrasya |
तीरयोः tīrayoḥ |
तीराणाम् tīrāṇām |
Locative | तीरे tīre |
तीरयोः tīrayoḥ |
तीरेषु tīreṣu |
Notes |
|
Descendants
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Probably a clipping of कस्तीर (kastīra, “tin”).[3]
Noun
[edit]तीर • (tīra) stem, m
Declension
[edit]Masculine a-stem declension of तीर (tīra) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | तीरः tīraḥ |
तीरौ / तीरा¹ tīrau / tīrā¹ |
तीराः / तीरासः¹ tīrāḥ / tīrāsaḥ¹ |
Vocative | तीर tīra |
तीरौ / तीरा¹ tīrau / tīrā¹ |
तीराः / तीरासः¹ tīrāḥ / tīrāsaḥ¹ |
Accusative | तीरम् tīram |
तीरौ / तीरा¹ tīrau / tīrā¹ |
तीरान् tīrān |
Instrumental | तीरेण tīreṇa |
तीराभ्याम् tīrābhyām |
तीरैः / तीरेभिः¹ tīraiḥ / tīrebhiḥ¹ |
Dative | तीराय tīrāya |
तीराभ्याम् tīrābhyām |
तीरेभ्यः tīrebhyaḥ |
Ablative | तीरात् tīrāt |
तीराभ्याम् tīrābhyām |
तीरेभ्यः tīrebhyaḥ |
Genitive | तीरस्य tīrasya |
तीरयोः tīrayoḥ |
तीराणाम् tīrāṇām |
Locative | तीरे tīre |
तीरयोः tīrayoḥ |
तीरेषु tīreṣu |
Notes |
|
Noun
[edit]तीर • (tīra) stem, n
References
[edit]- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) “tī́ra-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][3] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 649-50
- ^ Kittel, F. (1894). A Kannada-English Dictionary. India: Basel mission book and tract depository, p. XXVII
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (2001) “tīra-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][4] (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 247
Further reading
[edit]- Monier Williams (1899) “तीर”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 449/1.
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