मार्ग

See also: मर्ग, मुर्ग़ा, and मुर्गी

Hindi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit मार्ग (mārga). Doublet of माँग (māṅg).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /mɑːɾɡ/, [mäːɾɡ]

Noun

मार्ग • (mārg) m (Urdu spelling مارگ)

1. path, road, route

   यह मार्ग नदी तक जाता है।

   yah mārg nadī tak jātā hai.

   This path leads to the river.

2. way

   गाँव के मार्ग पर, कुछ फल ख़रीदो।

   gā̃v ke mārg par, kuch phal xarīdo.

   On the way to the village, buy some fruit.

Declension

Declension of मार्ग (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	मार्ग mārg	मार्ग mārg
oblique	मार्ग mārg	मार्गों mārgõ
vocative	मार्ग mārg	मार्गो mārgo

Synonyms

• डगर (ḍagar)
• रास्ता (rāstā)

Descendants

• → English: marg

Further reading

• Platts, John T. (1884) “मार्ग”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.

Marathi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit मार्ग (mārga). Doublet of माग (māg).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /maɾ.ɡə/
• Hyphenation: मार्‧ग, मार्ग
• Rhymes: -ə

Noun

मार्ग • (mārga) m

1. path, road, route
2. way (in street names)

Declension

Declension of मार्ग (masc cons-stem)
direct singular	मार्ग mārga
direct plural	मार्ग mārga
	singular एकवचन		plural अनेकवचन
nominative प्रथमा	मार्ग mārga		मार्ग mārga
oblique सामान्यरूप	मार्गा mārgā		मार्गां- mārgān-
acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी	मार्गाला mārgālā		मार्गांना mārgānnā
ergative	मार्गाने, मार्गानं mārgāne, mārgāna		मार्गांनी mārgānnī
instrumental	मार्गाशी mārgāśī		मार्गांशी mārgānśī
locative सप्तमी	मार्गात mārgāt		मार्गांत mārgāt
vocative संबोधन	मार्गा mārgā		मार्गांनो mārgānno
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.

Genitive declension of मार्ग (masc cons-stem)
	masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म		feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म		neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म		oblique सामान्यरूप
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular* एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन
singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता	मार्गाचा mārgāċā	मार्गाचे mārgāċe	मार्गाची mārgācī	मार्गाच्या mārgācā	मार्गाचे, मार्गाचं mārgāċe, mārgāċa	मार्गाची mārgācī	मार्गाच्या mārgācā
plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता	मार्गांचा mārgānċā	मार्गांचे mārgānċe	मार्गांची mārgāñcī	मार्गांच्या mārgāncā	मार्गांचे, मार्गांचं mārgānċe, mārgānċa	मार्गांची mārgāñcī	मार्गांच्या mārgāñcā
* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

Synonyms

• पथ (path)
• रस्ता (rastā)
• वाट (vāṭ)

Further reading

• Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “मार्ग”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
• Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “मार्ग”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press

Nepali

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit मार्ग (mārga).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [märɡʌ]
• Phonetic Devanagari: मार्ग

Noun

मार्ग • (mārga)

1. street, road (in street names)
2. path, way

Proper noun

मार्ग • (mārga)

1. Margashirsha
   1. the eighth month in the Vikram Samvat calendar
   2. the ninth month in the lunar Hindu calendar

   Synonym: मङ्सिर (maṅsira)

Related terms

• (lunar months) वैशाख (vaiśākh), ज्येष्ठ (jyeṣṭha) / जेठ (jeṭh), आषाढ (āṣāḍh), साउन (sāuna), भदौ (bhadau) / भाद्र (bhādra), असोज (asoj) / आश्विन (āśvina), कात्तिक (kāttik) / कार्त्तिक (kārttik), मङ्सिर (maṅsira) / मार्ग (mārga), पुस (pus) / पौष (pauṣ), माघ (māgh), फागुन (phāguna) / फाल्गुन (phālguna), चैत (cait) / चैत्र (caitra) ^{(Category: ne:Hindu lunar calendar months)}

Further reading

• “मार्ग”, in नेपाली बृहत् शब्दकोश (nepālī br̥hat śabdakoś) [Comprehensive Nepali Dictionary]‎^[1], Kathmandu: Nepal Academy, 2018

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• মাৰ্গ (Assamese script)
• ᬫᬵᬃᬕ (Balinese script)
• মার্গ (Bengali script)
• 𑰦𑰯𑰨𑰿𑰐 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀫𑀸𑀭𑁆𑀕 (Brahmi script)
• မာရ်္ဂ (Burmese script)
• માર્ગ (Gujarati script)
• ਮਾਰ੍ਗ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌮𑌾𑌰𑍍𑌗 (Grantha script)
• ꦩꦴꦂꦒ (Javanese script)
• 𑂧𑂰𑂩𑂹𑂏 (Kaithi script)
• ಮಾರ್ಗ (Kannada script)
• មាគ៌ (Khmer script)
• ມາຣ຺ຄ (Lao script)
• മാര്ഗ (Malayalam script)
• ᠮᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᡵᡤᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘦𑘰𑘨𑘿𑘐 (Modi script)
• ᠮᠠᢗᠷᠺᠠ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧆𑧑𑧈𑧠𑦰 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐩𑐵𑐬𑑂𑐐 (Newa script)
• ମାର୍ଗ (Odia script)
• ꢪꢵꢬ꣄ꢔ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆩𑆳𑆫𑇀𑆓 (Sharada script)
• 𑖦𑖯𑖨𑖿𑖐 (Siddham script)
• මාර්‍ග (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩴𑩛𑩼 𑪙𑩞 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚢𑚭𑚤𑚶𑚌 (Takri script)
• மார்க³ (Tamil script)
• మార్గ (Telugu script)
• มารฺค (Thai script)
• མཱ་རྒ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒧𑒰𑒩𑓂𑒑 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨢𑨊𑨫𑩇𑨍 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-Iranian *mr̥gás

Sanskrit मृग (mṛga)vrd.

Sanskrit मार्ग (mārga)

Traditionally considered a vṛddhi derivative of मृग (mṛgá, “game animal; deer”). Burrow considers this semantic shift implausible, and separates the meanings related to "deer, animal tracks" from the meaning of "road, way". He connects the latter meaning with Ancient Greek ἀμορβός (amorbós, “follower”), supposedly from ἀ- (a-, “co-”) + *μορβός (*morbós, “path, way”), with a common ancestor in Proto-Indo-European *morgʷós (“path, way”).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /mɑːɾ.ɡɐ́/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /mɑːɾ.ɡɐ/

Adjective

मार्ग • (mārgá) stem

1. belonging to, or coming from, wild game (such as deer)

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of मार्ग

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	मार्गः (mārgáḥ)	मार्गौ (mārgaú) मार्गा¹ (mārgā́¹)	मार्गाः (mārgā́ḥ) मार्गासः¹ (mārgā́saḥ¹)
accusative	मार्गम् (mārgám)	मार्गौ (mārgaú) मार्गा¹ (mārgā́¹)	मार्गान् (mārgā́n)
instrumental	मार्गेण (mārgéṇa)	मार्गाभ्याम् (mārgā́bhyām)	मार्गैः (mārgaíḥ) मार्गेभिः¹ (mārgébhiḥ¹)
dative	मार्गाय (mārgā́ya)	मार्गाभ्याम् (mārgā́bhyām)	मार्गेभ्यः (mārgébhyaḥ)
ablative	मार्गात् (mārgā́t)	मार्गाभ्याम् (mārgā́bhyām)	मार्गेभ्यः (mārgébhyaḥ)
genitive	मार्गस्य (mārgásya)	मार्गयोः (mārgáyoḥ)	मार्गाणाम् (mārgā́ṇām)
locative	मार्गे (mārgé)	मार्गयोः (mārgáyoḥ)	मार्गेषु (mārgéṣu)
vocative	मार्ग (mā́rga)	मार्गौ (mā́rgau) मार्गा¹ (mā́rgā¹)	मार्गाः (mā́rgāḥ) मार्गासः¹ (mā́rgāsaḥ¹)

• ¹Vedic

Feminine ā-stem declension of मार्गा

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	मार्गा (mārgā́)	मार्गे (mārgé)	मार्गाः (mārgā́ḥ)
accusative	मार्गाम् (mārgā́m)	मार्गे (mārgé)	मार्गाः (mārgā́ḥ)
instrumental	मार्गया (mārgáyā) मार्गा¹ (mārgā́¹)	मार्गाभ्याम् (mārgā́bhyām)	मार्गाभिः (mārgā́bhiḥ)
dative	मार्गायै (mārgā́yai)	मार्गाभ्याम् (mārgā́bhyām)	मार्गाभ्यः (mārgā́bhyaḥ)
ablative	मार्गायाः (mārgā́yāḥ) मार्गायै² (mārgā́yai²)	मार्गाभ्याम् (mārgā́bhyām)	मार्गाभ्यः (mārgā́bhyaḥ)
genitive	मार्गायाः (mārgā́yāḥ) मार्गायै² (mārgā́yai²)	मार्गयोः (mārgáyoḥ)	मार्गाणाम् (mārgā́ṇām)
locative	मार्गायाम् (mārgā́yām)	मार्गयोः (mārgáyoḥ)	मार्गासु (mārgā́su)
vocative	मार्गे (mā́rge)	मार्गे (mā́rge)	मार्गाः (mā́rgāḥ)

• ¹Vedic
• ²Brāhmaṇas

Neuter a-stem declension of मार्ग

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	मार्गम् (mārgám)	मार्गे (mārgé)	मार्गाणि (mārgā́ṇi) मार्गा¹ (mārgā́¹)
accusative	मार्गम् (mārgám)	मार्गे (mārgé)	मार्गाणि (mārgā́ṇi) मार्गा¹ (mārgā́¹)
instrumental	मार्गेण (mārgéṇa)	मार्गाभ्याम् (mārgā́bhyām)	मार्गैः (mārgaíḥ) मार्गेभिः¹ (mārgébhiḥ¹)
dative	मार्गाय (mārgā́ya)	मार्गाभ्याम् (mārgā́bhyām)	मार्गेभ्यः (mārgébhyaḥ)
ablative	मार्गात् (mārgā́t)	मार्गाभ्याम् (mārgā́bhyām)	मार्गेभ्यः (mārgébhyaḥ)
genitive	मार्गस्य (mārgásya)	मार्गयोः (mārgáyoḥ)	मार्गाणाम् (mārgā́ṇām)
locative	मार्गे (mārgé)	मार्गयोः (mārgáyoḥ)	मार्गेषु (mārgéṣu)
vocative	मार्ग (mā́rga)	मार्गे (mā́rge)	मार्गाणि (mā́rgāṇi) मार्गा¹ (mā́rgā¹)

• ¹Vedic

Noun

मार्ग • (mārga) stem, m

1. way, road, route, path
2. track of a wild animal
3. reach, range
4. way, manner, method, custom, usage
5. mark, scar
6. ground for litigation

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of मार्ग

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	मार्गः (mārgáḥ)	मार्गौ (mārgaú) मार्गा¹ (mārgā́¹)	मार्गाः (mārgā́ḥ) मार्गासः¹ (mārgā́saḥ¹)
accusative	मार्गम् (mārgám)	मार्गौ (mārgaú) मार्गा¹ (mārgā́¹)	मार्गान् (mārgā́n)
instrumental	मार्गेण (mārgéṇa)	मार्गाभ्याम् (mārgā́bhyām)	मार्गैः (mārgaíḥ) मार्गेभिः¹ (mārgébhiḥ¹)
dative	मार्गाय (mārgā́ya)	मार्गाभ्याम् (mārgā́bhyām)	मार्गेभ्यः (mārgébhyaḥ)
ablative	मार्गात् (mārgā́t)	मार्गाभ्याम् (mārgā́bhyām)	मार्गेभ्यः (mārgébhyaḥ)
genitive	मार्गस्य (mārgásya)	मार्गयोः (mārgáyoḥ)	मार्गाणाम् (mārgā́ṇām)
locative	मार्गे (mārgé)	मार्गयोः (mārgáyoḥ)	मार्गेषु (mārgéṣu)
vocative	मार्ग (mā́rga)	मार्गौ (mā́rgau) मार्गा¹ (mā́rgā¹)	मार्गाः (mā́rgāḥ) मार्गासः¹ (mā́rgāsaḥ¹)

• ¹Vedic

Descendants

• Dhivehi: މަގު (magu)
• → Kannada: ಮಾರ್ಗ (mārga)
• → Marathi: मार्ग (mārga)
• → Malay: marga
  • Indonesian: marga
• → Old Javanese: mārga
  • Javanese: ꦩꦂꦒꦶ (margi), ꦩꦼꦂꦒ (merga), ꦩꦼꦂꦒꦶ (mergi), ꦩꦂꦒ (marga)
    • → Indonesian: marga (semantic loan)
  • → Balinese: ᬫᬵᬃᬕ (marga)
• Odia: ମାର୍ଗୋଲି (mārgoli)
• Paisaci Prakrit:
  • Punjabi: ਮਗ (maga)
• Pali: magga
• → Punjabi: ਮਾਰਗ (mārag)
• Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀫𑀕𑁆𑀕 (magga)
  • Hindi: मांग (māṅg)
• → Tamil: மார்க்கம் (mārkkam)
• → Telugu: మార్గము (mārgamu)
• → Urdu: مارگ
• → English: marga
• → Hindi: मार्ग (mārg)
  • → English: marg

References

• Burrow, T[homas] (1975) “A New Look at Brugmann's Law”, in Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London‎^[2], volume 38, number 1, page 58 of 55–80
• Monier Williams (1899) “मार्ग”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 812/2.
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[3] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 350-1
• [4]