शुद्ध

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit शुद्ध (śuddha), from the root verb शुध् (śudh, “to become pure or purified”). Doublet of सुध (sudh) and सूधा (sūdhā).

Pronunciation

(Standard Hindi) IPA^(key): /ʃʊd̪d̪ʱ/, [ʃʊd̪(ː)ʱ]

Adjective

शुद्ध • (śuddh) (indeclinable, Urdu spelling شُدّھ)

pure, unpolluted
Synonyms: ख़ालिस (xālis), मुक़द्दस (muqaddas), पावन (pāvan), पुण्य (puṇya)

शुद्ध सोना बहुत महंगा है।
śuddh sonā bahut mahaṅgā hai.
Pure gold is very expensive.

परम-शुद्ध पानी मिलने कठिन है।
param-śuddh pānī milne kaṭhin hai.
It is difficult to find absolutely pure water.
correct
Synonym: सही (sahī)

समस्या सुलझाने लिए यह पद्धति शुद्ध नहीं है।
samasyā suljhāne lie yah paddhati śuddh nahī̃ hai.
This is not the correct method for solving the problem.

तुम्हारा उच्चारण शुद्ध है।
tumhārā uccāraṇ śuddh hai.
Your pronunciation is correct.
net
आज का शुद्ध लाभ क्या था?
āj kā śuddh lābh kyā thā?
What was the net profit for today?
(of language) high-register; making use of Sanskrit loanwords
Antonym: ठेठ (ṭheṭh)

शुद्ध हिंदी ― śuddh hindī ― Sanskritized Hindi
(Indian classical music, of ragas) original, to distinguish the raga from other varieties bearing the same name
शुद्ध मल्हार, शुद्ध कल्याण ― śuddh malhār, śuddh kalyāṇ
(Indian classical music, of notes) the natural pitch of a note, to distinguish from the other flavors of that same note
शुद्ध निषाद ― śuddh niṣād ― ti natural

Antonyms

अशुद्ध (aśuddh)

Derived terms

शुद्ध करना (śuddh karnā, “to purify”)

Related terms

References

Bahri, Hardev (1989), “शुद्ध”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.

Marathi

Etymology

From Sanskrit शुद्ध (śuddha). Cognate with Bengali শুদ্ধ (śuddho), Gujarati શુદ્ધ (śuddh), Hindi शुद्ध (śuddh), Nepali शुद्ध (śuddha).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɕud̪.d̪ʱə/

Adjective

शुद्ध • (śuddha)

pure; clear; clean
हे पाणी शुद्ध आहे.
he pāṇī śuddha āhe.
This water is pure.
true; blameless; acquitted
right; free from error; faultless
accurate
simple; unmixed

Derived terms

जलशुद्धीकरण (jalśuddhīkraṇ, “water purification”)
शुद्धीकरण (śuddhīkraṇ, “purification”)

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

শুদ্ধ (Assamese script)
ᬰᬸᬤ᭄ᬥ (Balinese script)
শুদ্ধ (Bengali script)
𑰫𑰲𑰟𑰿𑰠 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀰𑀼𑀤𑁆𑀥 (Brahmi script)
ၐုဒ္ဓ (Burmese script)
શુદ્ધ (Gujarati script)
ਸ਼ੁਦ੍ਧ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌶𑍁𑌦𑍍𑌧 (Grantha script)
ꦯꦸꦢ꧀ꦣ (Javanese script)
𑂬𑂳𑂠𑂹𑂡 (Kaithi script)
ಶುದ್ಧ (Kannada script)
ឝុទ្ធ (Khmer script)
ຨຸທ຺ຘ (Lao script)
ശുദ്ധ (Malayalam script)
ᡧᡠᡩᢡᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘫𑘳𑘟𑘿𑘠 (Modi script)
ᠱᠤᢑᢑᠾᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
𑧋𑧔𑦿𑧠𑧀 (Nandinagari script)
𑐱𑐸𑐡𑑂𑐢 (Newa script)
ଶୁଦ୍ଧ (Odia script)
ꢯꢸꢣ꣄ꢤ (Saurashtra script)
𑆯𑆶𑆢𑇀𑆣 (Sharada script)
𑖫𑖲𑖟𑖿𑖠 (Siddham script)
ශුද‍්ධ (Sinhalese script)
𑩿𑩒𑩭 𑪙𑩮 (Soyombo script)
𑚧𑚰𑚛𑚶𑚜 (Takri script)
ஶுத்³த⁴ (Tamil script)
శుద్ధ (Telugu script)
ศุทฺธ (Thai script)
ཤུ་དྡྷ (Tibetan script)
𑒬𑒳𑒠𑓂𑒡 (Tirhuta script)
𑨮𑨃𑨛𑩇𑨜 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From शुध् (śudh) +‎ -त (-tá).

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɕud.dʱɐ́/, [ɕud̚.dʱɐ́]
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ɕud̪.d̪ʱɐ/, [ɕud̪̚.d̪ʱɐ]

Participle

शु॒द्ध • (śuddhá) past passive participle (root शुध्)

past passive participle of शुध् (śudh): purified

Adjective

शु॒द्ध • (śuddhá) stem

pure; clear; clean
- c. 1 CE – 200 CE, Vimalakīrtinirdeśa 7.1:
  क्लेशगतिं च गच्छति प्रकृतिपरिशुद्धश् च भवत्य् अत्यन्तासंक्लिष्टः ।
  kleśagatiṃ ca gacchati prakṛtipariśuddhaś ca bhavaty atyantāsaṃkliṣṭaḥ.
  He goes the way of kleśa (mental afflictions), and meanwhile he is naturally, fully pure, without the least bit of tarnish.
true; blameless; acquitted
right; free from error; faultless
accurate
simple; unmixed

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of शु॒द्ध
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	शु॒द्धः (śuddháḥ)	शु॒द्धौ (śuddháu) शु॒द्धा¹ (śuddhā́¹)	शु॒द्धाः (śuddhā́ḥ) शु॒द्धासः॑¹ (śuddhā́saḥ¹)
accusative	शु॒द्धम् (śuddhám)	शु॒द्धौ (śuddháu) शु॒द्धा¹ (śuddhā́¹)	शु॒द्धान् (śuddhā́n)
instrumental	शु॒द्धेन॑ (śuddhéna)	शु॒द्धाभ्या॑म् (śuddhā́bhyām)	शु॒द्धैः (śuddháiḥ) शु॒द्धेभिः॑¹ (śuddhébhiḥ¹)
dative	शु॒द्धाय॑ (śuddhā́ya)	शु॒द्धाभ्या॑म् (śuddhā́bhyām)	शु॒द्धेभ्यः॑ (śuddhébhyaḥ)
ablative	शु॒द्धात् (śuddhā́t)	शु॒द्धाभ्या॑म् (śuddhā́bhyām)	शु॒द्धेभ्यः॑ (śuddhébhyaḥ)
genitive	शु॒द्धस्य॑ (śuddhásya)	शु॒द्धयोः॑ (śuddháyoḥ)	शु॒द्धाना॑म् (śuddhā́nām)
locative	शु॒द्धे (śuddhé)	शु॒द्धयोः॑ (śuddháyoḥ)	शु॒द्धेषु॑ (śuddhéṣu)
vocative	शुद्ध॑ (śúddha)	शुद्धौ॑ (śúddhau) शुद्धा॑¹ (śúddhā¹)	शुद्धाः॑ (śúddhāḥ) शुद्धा॑सः¹ (śúddhāsaḥ¹)

¹Vedic

Feminine ā-stem declension of शु॒द्धा
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	शु॒द्धा (śuddhā́)	शु॒द्धे (śuddhé)	शु॒द्धाः (śuddhā́ḥ)
accusative	शु॒द्धाम् (śuddhā́m)	शु॒द्धे (śuddhé)	शु॒द्धाः (śuddhā́ḥ)
instrumental	शु॒द्धया॑ (śuddháyā) शु॒द्धा¹ (śuddhā́¹)	शु॒द्धाभ्या॑म् (śuddhā́bhyām)	शु॒द्धाभिः॑ (śuddhā́bhiḥ)
dative	शु॒द्धायै॑ (śuddhā́yai)	शु॒द्धाभ्या॑म् (śuddhā́bhyām)	शु॒द्धाभ्यः॑ (śuddhā́bhyaḥ)
ablative	शु॒द्धायाः॑ (śuddhā́yāḥ) शु॒द्धायै॑² (śuddhā́yai²)	शु॒द्धाभ्या॑म् (śuddhā́bhyām)	शु॒द्धाभ्यः॑ (śuddhā́bhyaḥ)
genitive	शु॒द्धायाः॑ (śuddhā́yāḥ) शु॒द्धायै॑² (śuddhā́yai²)	शु॒द्धयोः॑ (śuddháyoḥ)	शु॒द्धाना॑म् (śuddhā́nām)
locative	शु॒द्धाया॑म् (śuddhā́yām)	शु॒द्धयोः॑ (śuddháyoḥ)	शु॒द्धासु॑ (śuddhā́su)
vocative	शुद्धे॑ (śúddhe)	शुद्धे॑ (śúddhe)	शुद्धाः॑ (śúddhāḥ)

¹Vedic
²Brāhmaṇas

Neuter a-stem declension of शु॒द्ध
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	शु॒द्धम् (śuddhám)	शु॒द्धे (śuddhé)	शु॒द्धानि॑ (śuddhā́ni) शु॒द्धा¹ (śuddhā́¹)
accusative	शु॒द्धम् (śuddhám)	शु॒द्धे (śuddhé)	शु॒द्धानि॑ (śuddhā́ni) शु॒द्धा¹ (śuddhā́¹)
instrumental	शु॒द्धेन॑ (śuddhéna)	शु॒द्धाभ्या॑म् (śuddhā́bhyām)	शु॒द्धैः (śuddháiḥ) शु॒द्धेभिः॑¹ (śuddhébhiḥ¹)
dative	शु॒द्धाय॑ (śuddhā́ya)	शु॒द्धाभ्या॑म् (śuddhā́bhyām)	शु॒द्धेभ्यः॑ (śuddhébhyaḥ)
ablative	शु॒द्धात् (śuddhā́t)	शु॒द्धाभ्या॑म् (śuddhā́bhyām)	शु॒द्धेभ्यः॑ (śuddhébhyaḥ)
genitive	शु॒द्धस्य॑ (śuddhásya)	शु॒द्धयोः॑ (śuddháyoḥ)	शु॒द्धाना॑म् (śuddhā́nām)
locative	शु॒द्धे (śuddhé)	शु॒द्धयोः॑ (śuddháyoḥ)	शु॒द्धेषु॑ (śuddhéṣu)
vocative	शुद्ध॑ (śúddha)	शुद्धे॑ (śúddhe)	शुद्धा॑नि (śúddhāni) शुद्धा॑¹ (śúddhā¹)

¹Vedic

Derived terms

अशु॑द्ध (áśuddha)
अशुद्धता (aśuddhatā)
उदकशुद्ध (udakaśuddha)
उदशुद्ध (udaśuddha)
तालशुद्ध (tālaśuddha)
परि॑शुद्ध (páriśuddha)
- त्रिमण्डलपरिशुद्ध (trimaṇḍalapariśuddha)
- सुपरिशुद्ध (supariśuddha)
बुद्धिशुद्ध (buddhiśuddha)
लयशुद्ध (layaśuddha)
वह्निशुद्ध (vahniśuddha)
विरिञ्चिपादशुद्ध (viriñcipādaśuddha)
विशु॑द्ध (víśuddha)
- अविशुद्ध (aviśuddha)
- प्रविशुद्ध (praviśuddha)
- रत्नविशुद्ध (ratnaviśuddha)
- वंशविशुद्ध (vaṃśaviśuddha)
- विशुद्धता (viśuddhatā)
- विशुद्धत्व (viśuddhatva)
- सुविशुद्ध (suviśuddha)
शुद्धतत्त्वदासविज्ञप्ति (śuddhatattvadāsavijñapti)
शु॒द्धता॑ (śuddhátā)
- शुद्धताकोश (śuddhatākośa)
शुद्धत्व (śuddhatva)
शु॒द्धा (śuddhā́)
- स्पर्शशुद्धा (sparśaśuddhā)
संदर्भशुद्ध (saṃdarbhaśuddha)
संशुद्ध (saṃśuddha)
- परिसंशुद्ध (parisaṃśuddha)
सुशुद्ध (suśuddha)
स्वरशुद्ध (svaraśuddha)
स्वादुशुद्ध (svāduśuddha)

Related terms

शुद्धि॑ (śúddhi)

Descendants

Dardic:
- Kashmiri: họ̆du
  Arabic script: ہۄادُ
  
  Devanagari script: हौदु
  
  Sharada script: 𑆲𑆿𑆢𑆶
Pali: suddha
Prakrit: 𑀲𑀼𑀤𑁆𑀥 (suddha)
- Central:
  - Hindustani: sudh, sūdhā, sudhnā
    - Hindi: सुध, सूधा, सुधना
    - Urdu: سُدھ, سُودھا, سُدھنا
  - Romani: šudžo
- Eastern:
  - Assamese: শুধ (xudho), শুদা (xuda)
  - Middle Bengali: শুধ (śudho)
    - Bengali: শুধু (śudhu)
  - Odia: ଶୁଧାଇବା (śudhāibā)
- Northern:
  - Central Pahari:
    - Kumaoni: सुदो (sudo)
  - Eastern Pahari:
    - Nepali: सुधो (sudho)
- Northwestern:
  - Punjabi: suddhā
    Gurmukhi script: ਸੁੱਧਾ
    
    Shahmukhi script: سُدّھا
  - Sindhi: sūdho
    Arabic script: سُوڌو (sūdho)
    
    Devanagari script: सूधो
- Southern:
  - Dhivehi: ހުދު (hudu)
  - Marathi: सुधा (sudhā), सुदा (sudā)
  - Sinhalese: සුදු (sudu), හුදු (hudu)
- Western:
  - Marwari: सूधो (sūdho)
  - Old Gujarati: सूध (sūdha), सूधउ (sūdhaü)
    - Gujarati: સૂધું (sūdhũ)

Learned borrowings

→ Hindi: शुद्ध (śuddh)
→ Kannada: ಶುದ್ಧ (śuddha)
→ Malayalam: ശുദ്ധം (śuddhaṁ)
→ Marathi: शुद्ध (śuddha)
→ Old Javanese: śuddha
- Javanese: ꦱꦸꦢ (suda, “to decrease, to diminish”), ꦱꦸꦝꦃ (sudhah, “to unload, to unpack”)
- → Balinese: ᬰᬸᬤ᭄ᬥ→ᬰᬸᬥ (suda, “pure, honourable (mind), righteous; clean, holy; cure”)
→ Tamil: சுத்தம் (cuttam)

References

Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890), “शुद्ध”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan
Monier Williams (1899), “Ṡuddhá”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1082/1.
Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “śuddha”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press