शुद्ध

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit शुद्ध (śuddha), from the root verb शुध् (śudh, “to become pure or purified”).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /ʃʊd̪d̪ʱ/

Adjective

शुद्ध • (śuddh) (indeclinable, Urdu spelling شدھ‎)

1. pure, unpolluted

   शुद्ध सोना बहुत महंगा है।

   śuddh sonā bahut mahaṅgā hai.

   Pure gold is very expensive.

   परम-शुद्ध पानी मिलने कठिन है।

   param-śuddh pānī milne kaṭhin hai.

   It is difficult to find absolutely pure water.

   Synonym: ख़ालिस (xālis)

2. correct

   समस्या सुलझाने लिए यह पद्धति शुद्ध नहीं है।

   samasyā suljhāne lie yah paddhati śuddh nahī̃ hai.

   This is not the correct method for solving the problem.

   Synonym: सही (sahī)

   तुम्हारा उच्चारण शुद्ध है।

   tumhārā uccāraṇ śuddh hai.

   Your pronunciation is correct.

3. net

   आज का शुद्ध लाभ क्या था? ― āj kā śuddh lābh kyā thā? ― What was the net profit for today?

4. (of language) high-register; making use of Sanskrit loanwords

   शुद्ध हिंदी ― śuddh hindī ― Sanskritized Hindi

   Antonym: ठेठ (ṭheṭh)

5. (Indian classical music, of ragas) original, to distinguish the raga from other varieties bearing the same name

   शुद्ध मल्हार, शुद्ध कल्याण

   śuddh malhār, śuddh kalyāṇ

6. (Indian classical music, of notes) the natural pitch of a note, to distinguish from the other flavors of that same note

   शुद्ध निषाद ― śuddh niṣād

Antonyms

• अशुद्ध (aśuddh)

References

• Bahri, Hardev (1989), “शुद्ध”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.

Marathi

Etymology

From Sanskrit शुद्ध (śuddha). Cognate with Bengali শুদ্ধ (śuddho), Gujarati શુદ્ધ (śuddh), Hindi शुद्ध (śuddh), Nepali शुद्ध (śuddha).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɕud̪.d̪ʱə/

Adjective

शुद्ध • (śuddha)

1. pure; clear; clean

   हे पाणी शुद्ध आहे.

   he pāṇī śuddha āhe.

   This water is pure.

2. true; blameless; acquitted
3. right; free from error; faultless
4. accurate
5. simple; unmixed

Derived terms

• जलशुद्धीकरण (jalśuddhīkraṇ, “water purification”)
• शुद्धीकरण (śuddhīkraṇ, “purification”)

Sanskrit

Etymology

Past passive participle from the root शुध् (śudh, “to purify; to cleanse; to become pure”).

Adjective

शुद्ध • (śuddha)

1. pure; clear; clean
   • c. 1 CE – 200 CE, Vimalakīrtinirdeśa 7.1:

     क्लेशगतिं च गच्छति प्रकृतिपरिशुद्धश् च भवत्य् अत्यन्तासंक्लिष्टः ।

     kleśagatiṃ ca gacchati prakṛtipariśuddhaś ca bhavaty atyantāsaṃkliṣṭaḥ .

     He goes the way of kleśa (mental afflictions), and meanwhile he is naturally, fully pure, without the least bit of tarnish.

2. true; blameless; acquitted
3. right; free from error; faultless
4. accurate
5. simple; unmixed

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of शुद्ध (śuddhá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	शुद्धः śuddháḥ	शुद्धौ śuddhaú	शुद्धाः / शुद्धासः¹ śuddhā́ḥ / śuddhā́saḥ¹
Vocative	शुद्ध śúddha	शुद्धौ śúddhau	शुद्धाः / शुद्धासः¹ śúddhāḥ / śúddhāsaḥ¹
Accusative	शुद्धम् śuddhám	शुद्धौ śuddhaú	शुद्धान् śuddhā́n
Instrumental	शुद्धेन śuddhéna	शुद्धाभ्याम् śuddhā́bhyām	शुद्धैः / शुद्धेभिः¹ śuddhaíḥ / śuddhébhiḥ¹
Dative	शुद्धाय śuddhā́ya	शुद्धाभ्याम् śuddhā́bhyām	शुद्धेभ्यः śuddhébhyaḥ
Ablative	शुद्धात् śuddhā́t	शुद्धाभ्याम् śuddhā́bhyām	शुद्धेभ्यः śuddhébhyaḥ
Genitive	शुद्धस्य śuddhásya	शुद्धयोः śuddháyoḥ	शुद्धानाम् śuddhā́nām
Locative	शुद्धे śuddhé	शुद्धयोः śuddháyoḥ	शुद्धेषु śuddhéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Feminine ā-stem declension of शुद्धा (śuddhā́)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	शुद्धा śuddhā́	शुद्धे śuddhé	शुद्धाः śuddhā́ḥ
Vocative	शुद्धे śúddhe	शुद्धे śúddhe	शुद्धाः śúddhāḥ
Accusative	शुद्धाम् śuddhā́m	शुद्धे śuddhé	शुद्धाः śuddhā́ḥ
Instrumental	शुद्धया / शुद्धा¹ śuddháyā / śuddhā́¹	शुद्धाभ्याम् śuddhā́bhyām	शुद्धाभिः śuddhā́bhiḥ
Dative	शुद्धायै śuddhā́yai	शुद्धाभ्याम् śuddhā́bhyām	शुद्धाभ्यः śuddhā́bhyaḥ
Ablative	शुद्धायाः śuddhā́yāḥ	शुद्धाभ्याम् śuddhā́bhyām	शुद्धाभ्यः śuddhā́bhyaḥ
Genitive	शुद्धायाः śuddhā́yāḥ	शुद्धयोः śuddháyoḥ	शुद्धानाम् śuddhā́nām
Locative	शुद्धायाम् śuddhā́yām	शुद्धयोः śuddháyoḥ	शुद्धासु śuddhā́su
Notes	¹Vedic

Neuter a-stem declension of शुद्ध (śuddhá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	शुद्धम् śuddhám	शुद्धे śuddhé	शुद्धानि / शुद्धा¹ śuddhā́ni / śuddhā́¹
Vocative	शुद्ध śúddha	शुद्धे śúddhe	शुद्धानि / शुद्धा¹ śúddhāni / śúddhā¹
Accusative	शुद्धम् śuddhám	शुद्धे śuddhé	शुद्धानि / शुद्धा¹ śuddhā́ni / śuddhā́¹
Instrumental	शुद्धेन śuddhéna	शुद्धाभ्याम् śuddhā́bhyām	शुद्धैः / शुद्धेभिः¹ śuddhaíḥ / śuddhébhiḥ¹
Dative	शुद्धाय śuddhā́ya	शुद्धाभ्याम् śuddhā́bhyām	शुद्धेभ्यः śuddhébhyaḥ
Ablative	शुद्धात् śuddhā́t	शुद्धाभ्याम् śuddhā́bhyām	शुद्धेभ्यः śuddhébhyaḥ
Genitive	शुद्धस्य śuddhásya	शुद्धयोः śuddháyoḥ	शुद्धानाम् śuddhā́nām
Locative	शुद्धे śuddhé	शुद्धयोः śuddháyoḥ	शुद्धेषु śuddhéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

• Assamese: শুধ (xudho), শুদা (xuda)
• Pali: suddha
• Romani: šudžo
• → Hindi: शुद्ध (śuddh)
• Marathi: शुद्ध (śuddha)
• Middle Bengali: *শুধো (*śudhō)
  • Bengali: শুধু (śudhu)
• → Tamil: சுத்தம் (cuttam)

References

• Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890), “शुद्ध”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan
• Monier Williams (1899), “Ṡuddhá”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1082/1.