शुद्ध
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Hindi
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Sanskrit शुद्ध (śuddha), from the root verb शुध् (śudh, “to become pure or purified”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]शुद्ध • (śuddh) (indeclinable, Urdu spelling شدھ)
- pure, unpolluted
- Synonym: ख़ालिस (xālis)
- शुद्ध सोना बहुत महंगा है।
- śuddh sonā bahut mahaṅgā hai.
- Pure gold is very expensive.
- परम-शुद्ध पानी मिलने कठिन है।
- param-śuddh pānī milne kaṭhin hai.
- It is difficult to find absolutely pure water.
- correct
- Synonym: सही (sahī)
- समस्या सुलझाने लिए यह पद्धति शुद्ध नहीं है।
- samasyā suljhāne lie yah paddhati śuddh nahī̃ hai.
- This is not the correct method for solving the problem.
- तुम्हारा उच्चारण शुद्ध है।
- tumhārā uccāraṇ śuddh hai.
- Your pronunciation is correct.
- net
- आज का शुद्ध लाभ क्या था?
- āj kā śuddh lābh kyā thā?
- What was the net profit for today?
- (of language) high-register; making use of Sanskrit loanwords
- Antonym: ठेठ (ṭheṭh)
- शुद्ध हिंदी ― śuddh hindī ― Sanskritized Hindi
- (Indian classical music, of ragas) original, to distinguish the raga from other varieties bearing the same name
- शुद्ध मल्हार, शुद्ध कल्याण ― śuddh malhār, śuddh kalyāṇ
- (Indian classical music, of notes) the natural pitch of a note, to distinguish from the other flavors of that same note
- शुद्ध निषाद ― śuddh niṣād
Antonyms
[edit]- अशुद्ध (aśuddh)
Derived terms
[edit]- शुद्ध करना (śuddh karnā, “to purify”)
Related terms
[edit]- अशुद्ध (aśuddh)
- अशुद्धता (aśuddhatā)
- अशुद्धि (aśuddhi)
- परिशुद्ध (pariśuddh)
- परिशुद्धि (pariśuddhi)
- शुद्धता (śuddhatā)
- शुद्धाद्वैत (śuddhādvait)
- शुद्धि (śuddhi)
- शुद्धिकरण (śuddhikraṇ)
- शुद्धिकारक (śuddhikārak)
- शुद्धिपत्र (śuddhipatra)
- शुद्धिवादी (śuddhivādī)
- शुद्धीकरण (śuddhīkraṇ)
References
[edit]- Bahri, Hardev (1989) “शुद्ध”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
Marathi
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Sanskrit शुद्ध (śuddha). Cognate with Bengali শুদ্ধ (śuddho), Gujarati શુદ્ધ (śuddh), Hindi शुद्ध (śuddh), Nepali शुद्ध (śuddha).
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]शुद्ध • (śuddha)
- pure; clear; clean
- हे पाणी शुद्ध आहे.
- he pāṇī śuddha āhe.
- This water is pure.
- true; blameless; acquitted
- right; free from error; faultless
- accurate
- simple; unmixed
Derived terms
[edit]- जलशुद्धीकरण (jalśuddhīkraṇ, “water purification”)
- शुद्धीकरण (śuddhīkraṇ, “purification”)
Sanskrit
[edit]Alternative scripts
[edit]Alternative scripts
- শুদ্ধ (Assamese script)
- ᬰᬸᬤ᭄ᬥ (Balinese script)
- শুদ্ধ (Bengali script)
- 𑰫𑰲𑰟𑰿𑰠 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀰𑀼𑀤𑁆𑀥 (Brahmi script)
- ၐုဒ္ဓ (Burmese script)
- શુદ્ધ (Gujarati script)
- ਸ਼ੁਦ੍ਧ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌶𑍁𑌦𑍍𑌧 (Grantha script)
- ꦯꦸꦢ꧀ꦣ (Javanese script)
- 𑂬𑂳𑂠𑂹𑂡 (Kaithi script)
- ಶುದ್ಧ (Kannada script)
- ឝុទ្ធ (Khmer script)
- ຨຸທ຺ຘ (Lao script)
- ശുദ്ധ (Malayalam script)
- ᡧᡠᡩᢡᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘫𑘳𑘟𑘿𑘠 (Modi script)
- ᠱᠤᢑᢑᠾᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧋𑧔𑦿𑧠𑧀 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐱𑐸𑐡𑑂𑐢 (Newa script)
- ଶୁଦ୍ଧ (Odia script)
- ꢯꢸꢣ꣄ꢤ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆯𑆶𑆢𑇀𑆣 (Sharada script)
- 𑖫𑖲𑖟𑖿𑖠 (Siddham script)
- ශුද්ධ (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩿𑩒𑩭 𑪙𑩮 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚧𑚰𑚛𑚶𑚜 (Takri script)
- ஶுத்³த⁴ (Tamil script)
- శుద్ధ (Telugu script)
- ศุทฺธ (Thai script)
- ཤུ་དྡྷ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒬𑒳𑒠𑓂𑒡 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨮𑨃𑨛𑩇𑨜 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- (Vedic) IPA(key): /ɕud.dʱɐ́/, [ɕud̚.dʱɐ́]
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /ˈɕud̪.d̪ʱɐ/, [ˈɕud̪̚.d̪ʱɐ]
Participle
[edit]शुद्ध • (śuddhá) past passive participle (root शुध्)
- past passive participle of शुध् (śudh); purified
Adjective
[edit]शुद्ध • (śuddhá) stem
- pure; clear; clean
- c. 1 CE – 200 CE, Vimalakīrtinirdeśa 7.1:
- क्लेशगतिं च गच्छति प्रकृतिपरिशुद्धश् च भवत्य् अत्यन्तासंक्लिष्टः ।
- kleśagatiṃ ca gacchati prakṛtipariśuddhaś ca bhavaty atyantāsaṃkliṣṭaḥ.
- He goes the way of kleśa (mental afflictions), and meanwhile he is naturally, fully pure, without the least bit of tarnish.
- क्लेशगतिं च गच्छति प्रकृतिपरिशुद्धश् च भवत्य् अत्यन्तासंक्लिष्टः ।
- true; blameless; acquitted
- right; free from error; faultless
- accurate
- simple; unmixed
Declension
[edit]Masculine a-stem declension of शुद्ध (śuddhá) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | शुद्धः śuddháḥ |
शुद्धौ / शुद्धा¹ śuddhaú / śuddhā́¹ |
शुद्धाः / शुद्धासः¹ śuddhā́ḥ / śuddhā́saḥ¹ |
Vocative | शुद्ध śúddha |
शुद्धौ / शुद्धा¹ śúddhau / śúddhā¹ |
शुद्धाः / शुद्धासः¹ śúddhāḥ / śúddhāsaḥ¹ |
Accusative | शुद्धम् śuddhám |
शुद्धौ / शुद्धा¹ śuddhaú / śuddhā́¹ |
शुद्धान् śuddhā́n |
Instrumental | शुद्धेन śuddhéna |
शुद्धाभ्याम् śuddhā́bhyām |
शुद्धैः / शुद्धेभिः¹ śuddhaíḥ / śuddhébhiḥ¹ |
Dative | शुद्धाय śuddhā́ya |
शुद्धाभ्याम् śuddhā́bhyām |
शुद्धेभ्यः śuddhébhyaḥ |
Ablative | शुद्धात् śuddhā́t |
शुद्धाभ्याम् śuddhā́bhyām |
शुद्धेभ्यः śuddhébhyaḥ |
Genitive | शुद्धस्य śuddhásya |
शुद्धयोः śuddháyoḥ |
शुद्धानाम् śuddhā́nām |
Locative | शुद्धे śuddhé |
शुद्धयोः śuddháyoḥ |
शुद्धेषु śuddhéṣu |
Notes |
|
Feminine ā-stem declension of शुद्धा (śuddhā́) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | शुद्धा śuddhā́ |
शुद्धे śuddhé |
शुद्धाः śuddhā́ḥ |
Vocative | शुद्धे śúddhe |
शुद्धे śúddhe |
शुद्धाः śúddhāḥ |
Accusative | शुद्धाम् śuddhā́m |
शुद्धे śuddhé |
शुद्धाः śuddhā́ḥ |
Instrumental | शुद्धया / शुद्धा¹ śuddháyā / śuddhā́¹ |
शुद्धाभ्याम् śuddhā́bhyām |
शुद्धाभिः śuddhā́bhiḥ |
Dative | शुद्धायै śuddhā́yai |
शुद्धाभ्याम् śuddhā́bhyām |
शुद्धाभ्यः śuddhā́bhyaḥ |
Ablative | शुद्धायाः / शुद्धायै² śuddhā́yāḥ / śuddhā́yai² |
शुद्धाभ्याम् śuddhā́bhyām |
शुद्धाभ्यः śuddhā́bhyaḥ |
Genitive | शुद्धायाः / शुद्धायै² śuddhā́yāḥ / śuddhā́yai² |
शुद्धयोः śuddháyoḥ |
शुद्धानाम् śuddhā́nām |
Locative | शुद्धायाम् śuddhā́yām |
शुद्धयोः śuddháyoḥ |
शुद्धासु śuddhā́su |
Notes |
|
Neuter a-stem declension of शुद्ध (śuddhá) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | शुद्धम् śuddhám |
शुद्धे śuddhé |
शुद्धानि / शुद्धा¹ śuddhā́ni / śuddhā́¹ |
Vocative | शुद्ध śúddha |
शुद्धे śúddhe |
शुद्धानि / शुद्धा¹ śúddhāni / śúddhā¹ |
Accusative | शुद्धम् śuddhám |
शुद्धे śuddhé |
शुद्धानि / शुद्धा¹ śuddhā́ni / śuddhā́¹ |
Instrumental | शुद्धेन śuddhéna |
शुद्धाभ्याम् śuddhā́bhyām |
शुद्धैः / शुद्धेभिः¹ śuddhaíḥ / śuddhébhiḥ¹ |
Dative | शुद्धाय śuddhā́ya |
शुद्धाभ्याम् śuddhā́bhyām |
शुद्धेभ्यः śuddhébhyaḥ |
Ablative | शुद्धात् śuddhā́t |
शुद्धाभ्याम् śuddhā́bhyām |
शुद्धेभ्यः śuddhébhyaḥ |
Genitive | शुद्धस्य śuddhásya |
शुद्धयोः śuddháyoḥ |
शुद्धानाम् śuddhā́nām |
Locative | शुद्धे śuddhé |
शुद्धयोः śuddháyoḥ |
शुद्धेषु śuddhéṣu |
Notes |
|
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Dardic:
- Pali: suddha
- Prakrit: 𑀲𑀼𑀤𑁆𑀥 (suddha)
- Central:
- Eastern:
- Northern:
- Northwestern:
- Southern:
- Western:
Learned borrowings
- → Hindi: शुद्ध (śuddh)
- → Kannada: ಶುದ್ಧ (śuddha)
- → Malayalam: ശുദ്ധം (śuddhaṁ)
- → Marathi: शुद्ध (śuddha)
- → Old Javanese: śuddha
- → Tamil: சுத்தம் (cuttam)
References
[edit]- Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “शुद्ध”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan
- Monier Williams (1899) “Ṡuddhá”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1082/1.
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “śuddha”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
Categories:
- Hindi terms derived from Sanskrit
- Hindi terms derived from the Sanskrit root शुध्
- Hindi terms borrowed from Sanskrit
- Hindi terms with IPA pronunciation
- Hindi lemmas
- Hindi adjectives
- Hindi indeclinable adjectives
- Hindi terms with usage examples
- Marathi terms derived from Sanskrit
- Marathi terms with IPA pronunciation
- Marathi lemmas
- Marathi adjectives
- Marathi terms with usage examples
- Sanskrit terms suffixed with -त
- Sanskrit terms with IPA pronunciation
- Sanskrit non-lemma forms
- Sanskrit participles
- Sanskrit past participles
- Sanskrit passive participles
- Sanskrit past passive participles
- Sanskrit terms belonging to the root शुध्
- Sanskrit participles in Devanagari script
- Sanskrit lemmas
- Sanskrit adjectives
- Sanskrit adjectives in Devanagari script
- Sanskrit terms with quotations