উপর

Bengali

Etymology

Inherited from Magadhi Prakrit 𑀉𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀭𑀺 (uppari), from Sanskrit উপরি (upari) in analogy with উত্তর (uttara), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *upári, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *upári, from Proto-Indo-European *upéri.

Cognate with Assamese ওপৰ (üpor), Odia ଉପର (upôrô), Hindustani اوپر / ऊपर (ūpar), Ancient Greek ὑπέρ (hupér), Latin super, Albanian epër, Old English ofer (whence English over).

Pronunciation

• (Rarh) IPA^(key): /upoɾ/, [ˈupoɾ]

  Audio

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• (Dhaka) IPA^(key): /upoɹ/, [ˈupoɹ]

Noun

উপর • (upor)

1. top, upper part

   Antonyms: নীচ (nic), নিচু (nicu)

2. roof
3. surface

Declension

Inflection of উপর
nominative	উপর upōr
objective	উপর / উপরকে upōr (semantically general or indefinite) / upōrke (semantically definite)
genitive	উপরের upōrer
locative	উপরে upōre
	Indefinite forms
nominative	উপর upōr
objective	উপর / উপরকে upōr (semantically general or indefinite) / upōrke (semantically definite)
genitive	উপরের upōrer
locative	উপরে upōre
	Definite forms
	singular		plural
nominative	উপরটা , উপরটি upōrṭa (colloquial), upōrṭi (formal)		উপরগুলা, উপরগুলো upōrgula (colloquial), upōrgulo (formal)
objective	উপরটা, উপরটি upōrṭa (colloquial), upōrṭi (formal)		উপরগুলা, উপরগুলো upōrgula (colloquial), upōrgulo (formal)
genitive	উপরটার, উপরটির upōrṭar (colloquial), upōrṭir (formal)		উপরগুলার, উপরগুলোর upōrgular (colloquial), upōrgulor (formal)
locative	উপরটাতে / উপরটায়, উপরটিতে upōrṭate / upōrṭay (colloquial), upōrṭite (formal)		উপরগুলাতে / উপরগুলায়, উপরগুলোতে upōrgulate / upōrgulay (colloquial), upōrgulote (formal)
Objective Note: In some dialects -রে (-re) marks this case instead of -কে (-ke).

Adverb

উপর • (upor)

1. upper, upward

   Antonym: নীচে (nice)

2. extra

Postposition

উপর • (upor)

1. up, on, upon, above, over

   Antonym: নীচে (nice)

Derived terms

• উপর-উপর (upor-upor)
• উপরআলা (uporala)
• উপরওয়ালা (uporōẇala)
• উপরকার (uporokar)
• উপরচড়া (uporcoṛa)
• উপরচড়াও (uporcoṛaō)
• উপরচাল (uporocal)
• উপরচালাক (uporcalak)
• উপরতলা (uportola)
• উপরতলায় (uportolaẏ)
• উপরতলার (uportolar)
• উপরপড়া (uporpoṛa)
• উপরপিঠ (uporopiṭh)

 

References

• Subhasha Bhattacarya, Sailendra Biswas, Sailendra Biswas, and Jnanendramohana Dasa (2022) “উপর”, in Digital Dictionaries of South India [Combined Bengali Dictionaries]
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “uppari”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press