ㄴ
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Korean
Etymology 1
Gari Ledyard proposes that ㄴ (n, “n”) was derived from ㄷ (d, “d”) by removing its top stroke. The traditional account* holds that its form is that of the outline of the tongue in contact with the hard palate (presumably in profile), 舌附上腭之形, and Ledyard feels this consideration may have determined the final forms of ㄷ and ㄴ.
* Hunmin Jeongeum Haerye “Explanations and Examples of the Proper Sounds for the Instruction of the People” (1446), defining and explaining the script now known as 한글 (han'geul, “Great script, Korean script”) in South Korea and 조선글 (joseon'geul, “Korean script”) in North Korea.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /n/
- Actual realisation:
- Lua error in Module:parameters at line 290: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "mostly" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E. IPA(key): [n]
- Lua error in Module:parameters at line 290: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "after <span class=\"IPA\">/l/</span>" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E. IPA(key): [l]
- Lua error in Module:parameters at line 290: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "before <span class=\"IPA\">/l/</span>, in some words" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E. IPA(key): [l]
Audio: (file)
Letter
ㄴ • (n)
Usage notes
In the North Korean order, ㄴ (n, “n”) is the second jamo. In the South Korean order, it is the third.
Derived terms
- ㄷ (d, “d”) (in traditional account)
See also
- Previous jamo: (South Korea) ㄲ (kk, “kk”), (North Korea) ㄱ (g, “g”)
- Next jamo: ㄷ (d, “d”)
- Other nasals in Hangeul: ㅁ (m, “m”), ㅇ (', “ng”)
- Other coronal consonants in Hangeul: ㄷ (d, “d”), ㄹ (l, “r”), ㅌ (t, “t”), ㄸ (tt, “tt”)
Etymology 2
Contraction of 은 (eun) / 는 (neun).
Particle
ㄴ • (n)
- a colloquial variant of 는 (neun).
Alternative forms
Etymology 3
First attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean ᄂᆞ (Yale: no).
Suffix
—ㄴ • (-n)
Usage notes
The suffix ㄴ (n, “-n-”) is directly attached to the stem of a verb ending in a vowel or the consonant ㄹ (l, “l”), which drops out.
—는— (-neun-) is used instead when the stem ends in a consonant other than ㄹ (l, “l”).
Alternative forms
- —는— (-neun-)
Derived terms
See also
- -는 (-neun)
Etymology 4
First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean ᄋᆞᆫ, 은 (Yale: on, un).
Suffix
—ㄴ • (-n)
- a past tense suffix making a verb a determiner.
- 너가 어제 빌린 사전
- neoga eoje billin sajeon
- The dictionary which you have borrowed yesterday
- 그것이 그녀가 남편을 죽인 이야기이다.
- geugeosi geunyeoga nampyeoneul jugin iyagiida.
- That is the story, in which she kills her husband.
- a present tense suffix making an adjective a determiner.
Usage notes
The suffix ㄴ (n, “-n”) is appended to the sequential form. If the stem ends in the consonant ㄹ (l, “l”), it drops out.
- e.g. 새벽 하늘이 아름답다. (아름다우니) (saebyeok haneuri areumdapda. (areumdauni), “The sky at daybreak is beautiful.”) → 아름다운 새벽 하늘 (areumdaun saebyeok haneul, “the beautiful sky at daybreak”)
See also
- 는 (neun, “present tense marker for a verb”)
- 던 (deon, “retrospect past tense marker”)
- ㄹ (l, “future tense marker”)
Etymology 5
Contraction of 너라 (neora).
Suffix
—ㄴ • (-n)
- a plain style imperative ending used only for 오다 (oda, “to come”); usually told to babies and pets, offering friendlier and softer sense.
Alternative forms
- 너라 (neora)