授ける
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Japanese
[edit]Kanji in this term |
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授 |
さず Grade: 5 |
kun'yomi |
Etymology
[edit]Derived via regular historical shifts from the classical lower bigrade (カ行下二段活用 (ka-gyō shimo nidan katsuyō)) verb 授く (sazuku).[1][2][3][4]
A surface analysis would suggest that this ultimately derives as a compound of さ (sa, of uncertain meaning) + 付ける (tsukeru, “to stick or attach something to something else; to put something somewhere”).
First attested in ideographic form in the Nihon Shoki of 720, and in phonetic spelling in the Man'yōshū of 759.[1][5]
Pronunciation
[edit]- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "授ける"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary | |||
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) |
授ける | さずける | [sàzúkéꜜrù] |
Imperative (命令形) | 授けろ | さずけろ | [sàzúkéꜜrò] |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | 授けられる | さずけられる | [sàzúkéráréꜜrù] |
Causative | 授けさせる | さずけさせる | [sàzúkésáséꜜrù] |
Potential | 授けられる | さずけられる | [sàzúkéráréꜜrù] |
Volitional | 授けよう | さずけよー | [sàzúkéyóꜜò] |
Negative | 授けない | さずけない | [sàzúkéꜜnàì] |
Negative perfective | 授けなかった | さずけなかった | [sàzúkéꜜnàkàttà] |
Formal | 授けます | さずけます | [sàzúkémáꜜsù] |
Perfective | 授けた | さずけた | [sàzúꜜkètà] |
Conjunctive | 授けて | さずけて | [sàzúꜜkètè] |
Hypothetical conditional | 授ければ | さずければ | [sàzúkéꜜrèbà] |
Verb
[edit]授ける • (sazukeru) ←さづける (sadukeru)?transitive ichidan (stem 授け (sazuke), past 授けた (sazuketa))
Japanese verb pair | |
---|---|
active | 授ける |
mediopassive | 授かる |
- [from 720] to bestow, confer, endow with a thing, as a superior to an inferior
- [from 900] to bestow, confer, endow with knowledge: to teach, to instruct
- [from early 1600s] to bestow, confer, endow, vest, award with a title, honor, power, or right
- Synonym: 与える (ataeru)
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of "授ける" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 授け | さずけ | sazuke | |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 授け | さずけ | sazuke | |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 授ける | さずける | sazukeru | |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 授ける | さずける | sazukeru | |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 授けれ | さずけれ | sazukere | |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 授けよ¹ 授けろ² |
さずけよ¹ さずけろ² |
sazukeyo¹ sazukero² | |
Key constructions | ||||
Passive | 授けられる | さずけられる | sazukerareru | |
Causative | 授けさせる 授けさす |
さずけさせる さずけさす |
sazukesaseru sazukesasu | |
Potential | 授けられる 授けれる³ |
さずけられる さずけれる³ |
sazukerareru sazukereru³ | |
Volitional | 授けよう | さずけよう | sazukeyō | |
Negative | 授けない 授けぬ 授けん |
さずけない さずけぬ さずけん |
sazukenai sazukenu sazuken | |
Negative continuative | 授けず | さずけず | sazukezu | |
Formal | 授けます | さずけます | sazukemasu | |
Perfective | 授けた | さずけた | sazuketa | |
Conjunctive | 授けて | さずけて | sazukete | |
Hypothetical conditional | 授ければ | さずければ | sazukereba | |
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential |
References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 “授”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000
- ^ Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
- ^ “授ける”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen][2] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ , spelled in the continuative as 佐豆氣 ⟨saduke₂⟩, available online here
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN