橐駝

See also: 橐驼

Chinese

		sack; tube for blowing fire	camel; humpback
trad. (橐駝)		橐	駝
simp. (橐驼)		橐	驼
alternative forms		橐駞 橐它 橐他 橐佗

Etymology

Schuessler (2014) reconstructs its pronunciation around 59 BCE as *thâk-lâi > *tʰɑk-dɑi.

Dybo (2014) compares this term to Proto-Turkic *taj-lag (“young camel”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): tuótuó

  (Zhuyin): ㄊㄨㄛˊ ㄊㄨㄛˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): tok³ to⁴
• Southern Min (Teochew, Peng'im): tag⁴ toh⁸

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: tuótuó
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄛˊ ㄊㄨㄛˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: tuótuó
    • Wade–Giles: tʻo²-tʻo²
    • Yale: twó-twó
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: twotwo
    • Palladius: тото (toto)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰu̯ɔ³⁵ tʰu̯ɔ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: tok³ to⁴
    • Yale: tok tòh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tok⁸ to⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: tog³ to⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰɔːk̚³ tʰɔː²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: tag⁴ toh⁸
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thak tho̍h
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰak̚²⁻⁴ tʰoʔ⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: thak da

Rime
Character	橐	駝
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	透 (6)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	鐸 (103)	歌 (94)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	他各切	徒河切
Baxter	thak	da
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tʰɑk̚/	/dɑ/
Pan Wuyun	/tʰɑk̚/	/dɑ/
Shao Rongfen	/tʰɑk̚/	/dɑ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tʰak̚/	/da/
Li Rong	/tʰɑk̚/	/dɑ/
Wang Li	/tʰɑk̚/	/dɑ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/tʰɑk̚/	/dʱɑ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tuo	tuó
Expected Cantonese Reflex	tok3	to4

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*tʰaːɡ  l'aːl/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	橐
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	tuó
Middle Chinese	‹ thak ›
Old Chinese	/*tʰˁak/
English	sack; bellows
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	橐	駝
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	11459	12214
Phonetic component	石	它
Rime group	鐸	歌
Rime subdivision	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	託	駝
Old Chinese	/*tʰaːɡ/	/*l'aːl/

Noun

橐駝

1. (Classical) Alternative name for 駱駝／骆驼 (luòtuo, “camel”).
2. (Classical) hunchback due to age and sickness